關注民生:中國單身媽媽們的困境(2)

“According to Chinese regulation if they do not marry before giving birth, registering the kid is a huge problem.”

“根據中國現行的規定，如果她們未婚生育，孩子上戶口是個跟大的問題。”

Solutions are scarce, Wei said, and one includes marriage.

解決辦法很少，魏說，結婚是其中一個。

“They can marry somebody and then apply for a hukou for the kid, in this way the problem can be solved.”

“她們可以找個人結婚，然後爲孩子申請戶口，用這種方式可以解決問題。”

Fines for unwed mothers

針對未婚媽媽的罰款

On the other hand, no solution is available to avoid the social compensation fees imposed by local government on unwed mothers for breaking the one-child policy.

另一方面，無法避免地方政府針對未婚媽媽違反一個孩子政策徵收的社會撫養費。

Last month Wuhan city government sparked controversy when it announced a new regulation targeting women giving birth out of wedlock. Article 26 of the regulation on population management, currently under revision, states that ‘unwed people giving birth or unable to provide certificate of the partner’ must pay a social compensation fee in accordance with local law.

上個月，武漢市出臺一項針對未婚生育的新規定時，引發了爭議。該規定第26條是針對人口管理的，尚處於修訂之中，聲明未婚生育或無法提供配偶證明的，根據當地法律，必須繳納社會撫養費。

Li Yun, a women’s rights lawyer based in Guangzhou, said that Wuhan’s policies put an unfair financial load on these women.

李雲（音），廣州的一名女權律師，認爲武漢的這個政策對婦女造成了不公平的經濟負擔。

“The fine set is double the amount of the fine for couple who have more than one child” she said. “This is probably because the number of children born out of wedlock is increasingly high, but it’s unfair and many are against the rule.”

“這個罰款的標準是對生育超過一個孩子的夫婦的罰款的兩倍，”她說，“這可能是因爲非婚生育兒童的數量越來越多，但這樣罰款是不公平的，很多都是違規的。”

The burden of fines often weighs only on single mothers, as partners abandon them.

當被伴侶拋棄的時候，罰款的負擔通常壓在單身媽媽身上。

The amount varies and in certain areas can be the equivalent of one year’s income. People like Yi Ran, who do not enjoy family support and fall outside social welfare programs aimed only at married couples, find it very difficult to pay social compensation fees.

罰款的數額不等，在特定地區相當於她們一年的收入。像易冉這些人，得不到家庭的資助，遊離於僅針對已婚夫婦的社會保險之外，她們很難去支付社會撫養費。

But public opinion is reacting to Wuhan’s new law. Earlier this month local students took to the street protesting the measure.

然而，公衆輿論正在對武漢的新法規做出迴應。這個月早些時候，武漢學法律的學生們走上街頭抗議這個措施。

Social network

社交網絡

On the fringes of society, where no help is available to them, unwed mothers rely heavily on each other.

生活在社會邊緣，無助的未婚媽媽們強烈地彼此依賴。

Many go on the Internet to find help and moral relief.

她們中間的許多人上網尋求幫助和精神慰藉。

More than 3, 000 users are active in an online chat dedicated to unwed mothers on Internet portal Baidu, said the forum’s moderator Yiyi.

門戶網站百度上一個專注於未婚媽媽在線聊天的論壇上有三千多活躍用戶，該論壇的版主Yiyi說。

Yi Ran explains that the Internet is the only place where she can express her feelings and frustrations as a single mother. Never has she sought help from strangers or social welfare.

易冉說網絡是她作爲單身媽媽表達情緒和挫折的唯一地方。她從未向陌生人或社會福利機構尋求過幫助。

“There are things I cannot say in real life, but the Internet is my little space of freedom” she said.

“有些事情我無法在現實生活中說，但網絡是我一個自由的小空間”，她說道。

Yang, an officer at the All China Women’s Federation in Beijing’s Dongcheng District, acknowledges that unwed mothers rarely seek help at government-sponsored agencies like theirs.

楊女士，位於北京東城區的中國婦女聯合會的的一位官員，承認未婚媽媽極少向類似她們那樣的由政府資助的機構尋求幫助。

“We basically do not have a service for unmarried mothers because there is not this need in society and nobody asks us for this kind of help.”

“我們一般沒有針對未婚媽媽的服務，因爲在社會上沒有這種需要，也沒有人向我們尋求這種服務。”

But as long as social perception of unmarried mothers does not change, it will be difficult for these women to come out.

但是隻要未婚媽媽的社會知覺不改變，針對這些女性的服務就不會出現。

Lawyer Li Yun said women who give birth out of wedlock live under high pressure. “People basically believe it’s a personal mistake, it’s their personal responsibility to be a single mother” she said. “They receive moral condemnation by society.”

李雲律師說未婚生育女性生活在極大的壓力之下。“人們一般認爲這是個人錯誤，淪爲單身媽媽是她們個人的責任。她們還會受到社會的道德譴責。”她說。