奧巴馬敦促世界大國加速應對埃博拉

ATLANTA — President Obama on Tuesday challenged world powers to accelerate the global response to the Ebola outbreak that is ravaging West Africa, warning that unless health care workers, medical equipment and treatment centers were swiftly deployed, the disease could take hundreds of thousands of lives.

亞特蘭大——美國總統奧巴馬週二敦促世界大國加快對於肆虐西非的埃博拉疫情的反應速度，並警告說如果醫護人員、醫療設備及治療中心不被迅速部署，這種疾病將奪去數以萬計的生命。

“This epidemic is going to get worse before it gets better,” Mr. Obama said here at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, where he met with doctors who had just returned from West Africa. But “right now, the world still has the opportunity to save lives,” he said.

“這場疫情將在它開始好轉之前變得更糟，”奧巴馬在美國疾病控制與預防中心說。他在這裏會見了剛從西非返回的醫生。但“現在，這個世界還有機會拯救生命”，他說。

The president will go beyond the 25-bed portable hospital that Pentagon officials said they would establish in Liberia, one of the three West African countries ravaged by the disease, administration officials said. Mr. Obama will offer help to President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf of Liberia in the construction of as many as 17 Ebola treatment centers in the region, with about 1,700 treatment beds.

政府官員說，除了五角大樓官員所說的將在利比里亞修建的擁有25張牀位的野戰醫院外，總統將提供更多的東西。利比里亞是遭受疾病蹂躪的三個西非國家之一。奧巴馬將向利比里亞總統埃倫·約翰遜·瑟利夫(Ellen Johnson Sirleaf)提供幫助，在該地區建設最多17個埃博拉病毒治療中心，共有大約1700張病牀。

Senior administration officials said Monday night that the Department of Defense would open a joint command operation in Monrovia, Liberia, to coordinate the international effort to combat the disease. The military will also provide engineers to help construct the additional treatment facilities and will send enough people to train up to 500 health care workers a week to deal with the crisis.

美國政府高級官員週一晚間表示，國防部將在利比里亞首都蒙羅維亞開展一項聯合指揮行動，以協調對抗疾病的國際努力。軍方還將派工程師協助建造更多的治療設施，並將派出足夠的人員每週培訓多至500名醫護人員以應對危機。

Officials said the military expected to send as many as 3,000 people to Africa to take charge of responding to the Ebola outbreak.

官員說，軍方預計派往非洲的人數可達3000人，他們將擔負應對埃博拉疫情的責任。

“We all recognize that this is such an extraordinary, serious epidemic,” a senior official told reporters, speaking on condition of anonymity ahead of Mr. Obama’s public remarks on Tuesday. The efforts should turn the tide from a high-transmission epidemic that continues to grow every day, other officials said.

“我們都意識到疫情異乎尋常地嚴重，”一位高級官員對記者說，他要求不具名，因爲這是在奧巴馬週二發表公開講話之前。其他官員表示，新的努力應該能扭轉疫情快速擴大的局面，目前疫情每日持續增長。

The White House plan would increase the number of doctors and other health care workers being sent to West Africa from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other American agencies, officials said.

官員說，白宮的計劃將增加從美國疾病控制與預防中心和其他機構派往西非的醫生和其他衛生保健人員的數量。

The American government will also provide 400,000 Ebola home health and treatment kits to Liberia, as well as tens of thousands of kits intended to test whether people have the disease. The Pentagon will provide some logistical equipment for health workers going to West Africa and what administration officials described as “command and control” organizational assistance on how to coordinate the overall relief work. The Army Corps of Engineers is expected to be part of the Defense Department effort.

美國政府還將向利比里亞提供40萬套針對埃博拉病毒的成套家庭保健和治療用品，以及上萬個用來檢測人們是否感染病毒的成套用具。五角大樓將爲前往西非的衛生工作者提供一些後勤裝備，以及在協調整體援助工作上提供政府官員稱之爲“指揮和控制”的組織協助。陸軍工程兵團預計將承擔國防部這項工作的部分任務。

Administration officials did not say how soon the 17 treatment centers would be built in Liberia; officials there, as well as international aid officials, have said that 1,000 beds are needed in Liberia in the next week alone to contain a disease that has been spreading exponentially.

政府官員沒有說這17個治療中心什麼時候能在利比里亞建成；當地官員和國際援助官員曾表示，爲了遏制疾病的快速擴散，利比里亞需要的病牀數僅在下週就可達到1000張。

Dr. William Schaffner, an infectious disease and public health expert at Vanderbilt University, praised the plan, calling it a “major commitment,” and said it was more extensive than he had expected.

範德比爾特大學(Vanderbilt University)傳染病和公共衛生專家威廉·夏夫納博士(Dr. William Schaffner)對該計劃表示稱讚，稱其爲一個“重大的承諾”，並表示計劃比他想象的更廣泛。

“It seems coordinated and coherent,” Dr. Schaffner said. He added that “the real core” was the Defense Department’s logistical support “because the heart of any kind of epidemic containment concept is getting the goods to the right place, putting up the institution.”

夏夫納說，“計劃看來很協調且有條理。”他補充說，美國國防部提供的後勤保障是“真正的核心，因爲任何遏制疫情方法的核心是將物品運送到正確的地點，設立制度”。

Michael T. Osterholm, director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy at the University of Minnesota, said the plan was an important first step, “but it is clearly not enough.” The focus on Liberia, he said, is too limited, and more help should be extended to Sierra Leone and Guinea, the other countries at the center of the worst Ebola outbreak ever recorded.

明尼蘇達大學(University of Minnesota)傳染病研究和政策中心主任邁克爾·T·奧斯特霍爾姆(Michael T. Osterholm)表示，這個計劃是重要的第一步，“但顯然還不夠”。他說，只在利比里亞採取行動遠遠不夠，還應該向塞拉利昂和幾內亞提供更多的幫助，這兩國家也在經歷着有史以來最嚴重的埃博拉病毒爆發。

“We should see all of West Africa now as one big outbreak,” Dr. Osterholm said. “It’s very clear we have to deal with all the areas with Ebola. If the U.S. is not able or not going to do it, that’s all the more reason to say the rest of the world has to do it.”

奧斯特霍爾姆說，“我們目前應該把整個西非作爲一場大爆發來對待。非常明顯，我們必須對付所有爆發了埃博拉的地區。如果美國不能或不打算對付所有爆發的話，那就更有理由說，世界其他國家必須來做這件事。”

Dr. Jack Chow, a professor of global health at Carnegie Mellon University, also warned that “the virus does not recognize national borders and will continue to spread where health care is inadequate.”

卡內基梅隆大學(Carnegie Mellon University)全球衛生教授周啓康博士(Dr. Jack Chow)也警告說，“病毒不認國界，將在醫療條件不充足的地區繼續蔓延。”

Top White House aides on Monday rejected criticism from African officials, doctors and representatives from aid groups who said the United States had been slow to act in the face of the disease. Josh Earnest, the White House press secretary, said the government, including the C.D.C., had committed more than $100 million since the outbreak started in the early spring.

白宮高級幕僚週一否認了來自非洲官員、以及援助團體代表和醫生的批評，他們指責美國在疾病面前行動緩慢。白宮新聞發言人喬希·歐內斯特(Josh Earnest)表示，包括疾病預防與控制中心在內的政府部門，在疾病於今年早春爆發時，就已經承諾提供1億美元（約合6.2億元人民幣）的援助。

“The C.D.C. has responded commensurate to the seriousness” of the crisis, Mr. Earnest told reporters ahead of a trip Mr. Obama has planned to the agency’s headquarters in Atlanta on Tuesday afternoon. Mr. Earnest called the response “among the largest deployments of C.D.C. personnel ever.”

“疾病預防與控制中心的響應與危機的嚴重性相稱，”歐內斯特在奧巴馬計劃在週二前往該機構設在亞特蘭大的總部之前，對記者說。歐內斯特稱響應是“疾病預防與控制中心迄今派出人員最多的一次”。

Senior administration officials conceded that the effort must expand further as the outbreak threatens to spread in Africa and, potentially, beyond the continent. Officials said medical experts in the government were genuinely worried about the possibility of a mutation that could turn the virus into a more contagious sickness that could threaten the United States.

美國政府高級官員承認，隨着疫情威脅將蔓延到非洲、甚至可能是非洲以外的地區，必須進一步擴大努力。官員們說，政府的醫學專家對一種可能性的確很擔心，既病毒會發生突變，導致疾病的傳染性增加，那將可能威脅美國。

The World Health Organization has issued a dire Ebola warning for Liberia, saying that the number of afflicted patients was increasing exponentially and that all new treatment facilities were overwhelmed, “pointing to a large but previously invisible caseload.” The description of the crisis in Liberia suggested an even more chaotic situation there than had been thought.

世界衛生組織已向利比里亞發出埃博拉病毒的嚴重警告，稱被感染的患者呈指數級增長，所有新設立的治療設施不堪重負，“預示着此前未曾見過的巨大工作量”。對利比里亞危機的這一描述，暗示着比過去認爲的更加混亂的局面。

Ms. Johnson Sirleaf, who has implored Mr. Obama to do more to help her country battle the disease, traveled over the weekend through Monrovia, the Liberian capital, with the United States ambassador, Deborah R. Malac.

約翰遜·瑟利夫曾呼籲奧巴馬採取更多行動來幫助她的國家，她與美國大使黛博拉·R·馬拉克(Deborah R. Malac)一起在週末視察了利比里亞首都蒙羅維亞。

“What is needed is on a scale that is unprecedented,” a senior administration official said in an interview, speaking on the condition of anonymity because she was not allowed by the White House to talk on the record ahead of Mr. Obama’s announcement.

“所需援助的規模是前所未有的，”政府一位高級官員在接受採訪時說，她要求不具名，因爲白宮不允許官員在奧巴馬宣佈之前做公開評論。

The United States, a second senior administration official said, also plans to send 400,000 home protective kits to the four counties in Liberia that have been hardest hit by Ebola. The kits will include protective gear for family members, gloves and masks, disinfectants, and fever-reducing drugs.

政府的另一位高級官員說，美國還計劃向利比里亞4個埃博拉爆發最嚴重的縣發放40萬套家用防護用品。每套包括供家庭成員使用的防護用具、手套和口罩、消毒劑，以及退燒藥。

That is worrisome, Dr. Osterholm said, because it is difficult to care for Ebola patients without becoming infected, and there is no proof that the kits will work. “We are going to endanger family members more by providing the kits,” he said.

奧斯特霍爾姆表示，令人擔憂的是，由於很難在看護埃博拉患者時不被感染，這些防護用品是否有用尚未得到證實。他說，“我們提供這些用品將給家庭成員帶來更大的危險。”