世界領袖應牢記合作價值觀

I am old enough to remember the sound of bombs falling on Germany. Old enough to remember the voices of the French soldiers who liberated us.

我這個年紀當然還記得炸彈掉落在德國的聲音，還記得解放我們的法國士兵的聲音。

Having grown up in a Europe struggling to heal divisions, I have spent my working life bringing together leaders from all sectors of society. I have always believed that the only way to solve complex challenges in an interdependent world is to work together. This means understanding competing perspectives, developing empathy and working towards solutions that satisfy as many different interests as possible.

成長於一個艱難地試圖彌合各種分歧的歐洲，我的整個職業生涯都致力於將社會各界的領導者團結起來。我一直堅信，在一個相互依賴的世界，解決種種複雜挑戰的唯一方法就是團結協作。這意味着理解衝突的觀點，培養同理心，以及努力尋找能滿足儘可能多的不同利益的解決方案。

Much of the time, it works. However, it is clear that today things are not going well for this open, pragmatic view of progress. Leaders have been demonised as the “elite”. Interdependence is seen as weakness. Nationalism has been rekindled to forge newer, harder identities. Anti-globalisation rhetoric is threatening the collaborative economic and trading structures that have brought so much progress by integrating the developing world with the developed.

很多時候，團結協作都能夠奏效。但如今很明顯的是，關於社會進步的這一開放、務實的理念正在遭遇麻煩。領導者被妖魔化爲“精英”。相互依賴被視爲缺點。民族主義已被再度點燃，以打造更新穎、更牢固的身份認同。反全球化言論威脅着經濟和貿易合作體系，而正是通過使發展中國家融入發達世界，這些體系爲我們帶來了如此大的進步。

The speed and consequences of the events of 2016 were shocking. But they will not have surprised anyone who had been paying attention to widening inequality, rising anger among voters, the rebalancing of geopolitical relationships between the emerging and developed worlds, breakneck technological change with unintended consequences and the emergence of misinformation online.

2016年的一些大事件發生的速度和後果都令人震驚。但有些人不會對此感到意外，如果他們一直關注不斷擴大的不平等、選民日益高漲的憤怒情緒、新興世界與發達世界之間的地緣政治關係再平衡、伴隨意想不到後果的飛速技術變革，以及不斷涌現的網絡錯誤信息。

Even if they have not always responded as effectively as critics might hope, leaders have not ignored the challenges these phenomena pose. Since the 1980s, it has been difficult to ignore the faults in the global system that led to the current crisis. These include the winner-takes-all nature of the economics of globalisation, and the wide and widening inequality that has followed. Much of this is driven by lightning-fast shifts in the geographical and technological bases of prosperity, producing insecurity and anxiety for workers and managers alike.

即便未能總是像批評人士希望的那樣有效地做出迴應，但領導者並未忽略這些現象帶來的挑戰。自上世紀80年代起，領導者很難再對導致當前危機的全球體系的種種缺陷不予理會。這些缺陷包括經濟全球化“贏者通吃”的特點，以及由此帶來的普遍且不斷擴大的不平等。主要推動因素是經濟繁榮的地理和技術基礎領域發生的閃電般快速的變化，這些變化給勞動者和管理者都帶來了不安全感和焦慮。

All of this is happening beyond the reach of the nation state. Yet just when we need flexible and strong international institutions to manage these shifts, our existing systems for global collaboration are being undermined, partly because they were designed in different times to respond to different pressures.

所有這一切的發生都超過了民族國家所能應對的範疇。但正當我們需要靈活、有力的國際機構應對這些變化的時候，我們現有的全球協作體系正在遭到破壞，部分因爲它們是在不同時期爲應對不同壓力設計的。

So what now? Amid a sea of challenges, I see five priorities that those in power must confront — quickly and with requisite force.

那現在又該如何？面對衆多的挑戰，我認爲掌權者必須迅速且強有力地應對五大優先事項。

First, leaders must agree to build a system of global governance that is inclusive, responds to the fast-moving nature of geopolitics and has the moral authority to enforce effective decisions. Second, they must work to reform market capitalism, to protect those who have fallen victim to the system’s divisiveness, corruption and short-sightedness.

首先，領導者必須一致同意建立一個包容性的全球治理體系，這一體系需要能對地緣政治的快速變化做出迴應，且擁有能夠實施有效決策的道德權威。其次，他們必須致力於改革市場資本主義，以保護那些成爲該體制缺陷——分裂、腐敗和短視——受害者的羣體。

Third, leaders must work to restore global economic growth. Change is much easier to achieve when growth is brisk. Fourth, they must seek to shape the great wave of technological change that is breaking over us — the “fourth industrial revolution” — before it shapes us.

第三，領導者必須致力於恢復全球經濟增長。經濟增長較快時，變革才更容易實現。第四，他們必須設法搶在正在淹沒我們的技術變革巨浪——“第四次工業革命”——塑造我們之前反過來塑造它。

Finally, but perhaps most importantly, leaders need to address the pervasive identity crisis that has eroded communities and ways of life over the past two decades, resulting in wave upon wave of legitimate anger.

最後，但或許是最重要的，領導者需要解決無處不在的認同危機，後者在過去20年間侵蝕了我們的社區和生活方式，導致一波又一波的合理憤怒。

It is clear that a global rebalancing is under way. The only question is whether the adjustment will be violent and wrenching, or whether we can continue to apply the lessons of civilisation it took us so long to learn and which have driven so much progress.

很明顯，全球再平衡正在進行中。唯一的問題在於，這種調整是不是暴力、痛苦，或者我們是否能夠繼續運用我們經過如此長時間才習得的、帶來如此大進步的文明經驗。

I am an optimist. My childhood experience has given me a faith in the values of collaboration and co-operation. That, and half a century of top-level experience, gives me confidence that these values will, in the end, win out.

我是個樂觀主義者。童年經歷讓我堅信協同與合作的價值觀。這一信念——以及半個世紀與各界高層打交道的經歷——讓我堅信，這些價值觀終將戰勝一切。

The writer is executive chairman of the World Economic Forum and author of ‘The Fourth Industrial Revolution’

本文作者是世界經濟論壇(World Economic Forum)執行主席，著有《第四次工業革命》(The Fourth Industrial Revolution)