保時捷車被發現安裝大衆尾氣作弊軟件

The Environmental Protection Agency said on Monday that it had discovered cheating software on more Volkswagen and Audi cars than previously disclosed and, for the first time, also found the illegal software in some of the carmaker’s high-end Porsche models.

美國國家環境保護局（Environmental Protection Agency，簡稱EPA）週一表示，他們在更多大衆(Volkswagen)及奧迪(Audi)車上發現了作弊軟件，超過之前披露的規模，而且首次在大衆高端品牌保時捷的一些車型中發現了非法軟件。

The findings put significant new pressure on Volkswagen, which did not reveal the defeat devices to the agency, and its new chief executive, Matthias Müller, who was previously the head of Volkswagen’s Porsche division.

這一發現給大衆集團及新任首席執行官馬蒂亞斯·穆勒(Matthias Müller)帶來重壓，該公司沒有向EPA報告這種減效裝置，穆勒之前是大衆集團保時捷部門的負責人。

Mr. Müller’s predecessor, Martin Winterkorn, resigned in September after regulators in the United States disclosed that the German automaker had installed sophisticated software on some Volkswagen diesel models that reduced pollutant emissions when the cars were being tested. In day-to-day usage, the mandatory controls were turned off, providing the cars with better engine performance but emitting as much as 40 times the legal limits of nitrogen oxide, a pollutant linked to lung ailments.

在美國監管機構發現這家德國汽車製造商在一些大衆柴油車上安裝用於排放檢測作弊的複雜軟件之後，前任CEO馬丁·文德恩(Martin Winterkorn)於9月辭職。在日常使用時，這種強制控制軟件會被關閉，爲車輛提供更好的發動機性能，但排放的氮氧化物是規定標準的40倍，這種污染物會導致肺部疾病。

The new revelations escalate the potential damage to Volkswagen’s finances and reputation. Audi and Porsche are the source of most of the company’s earnings, because profit margins tend to be much higher on luxury cars. In contrast to Volkswagen brand cars, which have struggled in the United States, Audi and Porsche are success stories in America. The United States is Porsche’s biggest single market.

新發現加劇了此事可能對大衆財務狀況及聲譽造成的損害。奧迪和保時捷是該公司的主要收入來源，因爲高檔車的利潤空間要大得多。與難以立足美國的其他大衆品牌汽車相比，奧迪和保時捷在美國取得了成功。美國是保時捷的最大市場。

The E.P.A.’s report opens a new chapter in its investigation of Volkswagen’s practice. The new cheating devices were uncovered by investigators during new tests that were conducted on all diesel car models in the United States by E.P.A., the California Air Resources Board and the regulatory group Environment Canada.

EPA的報告打開了針對大衆集團的調查的新篇章。EPA、加州大氣資源委員會(California Air Resources Board)及監管機構加拿大環境部(Environment Canada)的調查人員在美國對所有柴油車型開展了新的檢測，期間發現了這些新的減效裝置。

“VW has once again failed its obligation to comply with the law that protects clean air for all Americans,” Cynthia Giles, the assistant administrator for E.P.A.’s Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, said in a statement.

“大衆集團再一次沒有承擔擔任，沒有遵守爲所有美國人保護潔淨空氣的法律，”EPA環境執法辦公室行政助理辛西婭·賈爾斯(Cynthia Giles)發表聲明稱。

Volkswagen did not immediately comment on the E.P.A.’s announcement. The carmaker has not yet disclosed how it will fix the cars.

大衆集團沒有立即就EPA的聲明發表評論。該汽車製造商尚未透露如何修理相關車輛。

Since September, regulators have been conducting additional tests on all diesel cars models. They have not found similar defeat devices on diesel models produced by automakers other than Volkswagen. Testing is continuing and the agency plans to make its results public once the tests are completed.

自9月以來，監管機構對所有柴油車進行了額外的檢測。他們尚未發現除大衆之外的汽車製造商生產的柴油車存在類似的減效裝置。檢測還在繼續，該機構計劃在檢測結束後公佈結果。

The agency says the new tests found that Volkswagen had installed a defeat device in some Volkswagen, Audi and Porsche diesel cars with a 3.0-liter engines, encompassing model years 2014 through 2016. It said these devices, meant to cheat on emissions testing, would increase the release of nitrogen oxide up to nine times the agency’s standard.

該機構表示，新檢測發現該公司在一些大衆、奧迪及保時捷3公升引擎柴油車上安裝了減效裝置，包括從2014年到2016年的車型。該機構稱，這些用於排放檢測作弊的裝置將會增加氮氧化物的排放量，最多達到該機構設定的標準的九倍。

The disclosure covers about 10,000 passenger cars already sold in the United States since the model year 2014. In addition, the violation notice from the agency covers an unspecified number of 2016 vehicles. The cars found to have the software installed are the diesel versions of the 2014 VW Touareg, the 2015 Porsche Cayenne and the 2016 Audi A6 Quattro, A7 Quattro, A8, A8L and Q5.

此次披露的醜聞涉及1萬輛在美國銷售的2014年款轎車。除此之外，該機構發出的違規通告還涉及2016年款轎車，但沒有詳細說明數量。被發現裝有作弊軟件的車包括2014年款的大衆途銳(Touareg)柴油車、2015年款保時捷卡宴(Cayenne)和2016年款奧迪A6 Quattro、A7 Quattro、A8、A8L和Q5。