雙語科技百科(化學) 第46期:白陶
White Pottery
White pottery is a kind of pottery whose outside and inside are all greenware is mostly made by hand. It uses porcelain clay or kao-linite, which contains less iron than figuline, and is fired at a temperature of about 1000 the late Shang Dynasty, the emergence and application of white pottery with carved patterns marked the new achievement in the history of Chinese po竹 hardness, fire resistance and water-absorbing capacity saw much improve-ment, so we consider the white pottery the indication of the leap from pottery to china.
“白陶”是一種指器胎的表裏都呈白色的陶器，器胚多以手工捏成，使用含鐵量比陶土低的瓷土或高嶺土，燒製溫度在1000℃左右。商代晚期刻紋白陶的創制和使用，是中國製陶工藝發展史上的新成就。白陶的硬度、耐火度和吸水率都較以往的陶器有了大幅度提高，所以我們說白陶是陶器向瓷器的飛躍。A white pottery vase with ge-ometrical patterns of the Shang Dynasty was excavated from the Yin Ruinsin Anyang of Henan Province, and it is the representa-tive of white potfery with carved patterns in the Shang Dynasty. It is 20 centimeters tall in total with a caliber of 18. 5 centimeters,and was made by imitating the pattern of bronze ware. The body of the vase is spherical, the mouth becomes narrow, and the pitch at the shoulder part is bottom is round with a ring whole work looks rounded and stately. The body of the vase is covered with main patterns in relief and the detailed shadings form a florid design. The con-cave and protuberant, the distant and dense patterns were naturally combined to create a clear gradation. Now the vase is in the Palace Museum.
出土於中國中部河南省安陽殷墟的商代晚期幾何紋白陶瓿，是商代刻紋白陶的代表作品。它通高20釐米，口徑18.5釐米，模仿青銅器的式樣製作而成。瓿體爲球形，口部內斂，肩部斜度較大，底部爲圓形，下有圈足，整體造型給人以端莊飽滿的感覺。瓿體上佈滿紋飾，以凸雕的主紋和細密線刻的地紋組成絢麗的圖案。頸部裝飾有夔紋，腹部爲曲折紋組成的獸面紋圖案。紋飾構圖謹嚴，主題突出，凹凸疏密結合自然，產生出強烈的層次感。此瓿現藏於北京故宮博物院。
Due to the hardness, lustration, and fine craftsmanship, white potteries be-came the objects used exclusively by slaveholders. In the later period of the Shang Dynasty, white potteries tended to be more and more fussy and refined, so the top-notch white potteries were mostly from this period. After the Western Zhou Dy-nasty, white pottery was in decline due to the emergence of hard pottery with prin-ted pcrttems and primitive china.
白陶器因其質地堅硬，潔淨美觀，做工考究而成爲奴隸主貴族的專有物品。商代後期的白陶製作過程更趨精細繁瑣，所以白陶器的精品多集中於這一時期。西周以後，由於印紋硬陶和原始瓷器的興起，白陶器逐漸消失。
