電氣專業必讀的專業英語詞彙
學習電氣專業英語需要有一定的電工基礎,在電氣專業基礎上學習。今天小編爲電氣專業的同學帶來了電氣專業必讀的專業英語詞彙。
電氣專業必讀的專業英語詞彙
常見英文縮寫解釋(按字母順序排列)：
ASIC: Application Specific Integrated Circuit. 專用IC
CPLD: Complex Programmable Logic Device. 複雜可編程邏輯器件
EDA: Electronic Design Automation. 電子設計自動化
FPGA: Field Programmable Gate Array. 現場可編程 門陣列
GAL: Generic Array Logic. 通用陣列邏輯
HDL: Hardware Description Language. 硬件描述語言
IP: Intelligent Property. 智能模塊
PAL: Programmable Array Logic. 可編程陣列邏輯
RTL: Register Transfer Level. 寄存器傳輸級描述
SOC: System On a Chip. 片上系統
SLIC: System Level IC. 系統級IC
VHDL: Very high speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language. 超高速集成電路硬件描述語言
A
ASIC(專用集成電路)
Application-Specific Integrated Circuit. A piece of custom-designed hardware in a chip.
專用集成電路。一個在一個芯片上定製設計的硬件。
address bus (地址總線)
A set of electrical lines connected to the processor and all of the peripherals withwhich itcommunicates. The address bus is used by the processor to select aspecific memory location or register within a particular peripheral. If the address bus contains n electrical lines, the processor can uniquely address up to 2^n such locations.
一個連接處理器與所有外設的，用來通訊的電子線路集。地址總線被處理器用來選擇在特定外設中的存儲器地址或寄存器。如果地址總線有n條電子線路，處理器能唯一尋址高達2^n的地址空間。
application software(應用軟件)
Describes software modules specific to a particular embedded project. The application software is unlikely to be reusable across embedded platforms, simply because each embedded system has a different application.
用來描述一個特定的嵌入式項目中的某一軟件模塊。應用軟件不象可重用的交叉嵌入式平臺，只是因爲每一個嵌入式系統有不同的應用軟件。
assembler(彙編編譯器)
A software development tool that translates human-readable assembly language programs into machine-language instructions that the processor can understandand execute.
一個能把人可讀的彙編語言程序轉換到處理器可理解和運行的機器指令的軟件開發工具。
assembly language(彙編語言)
A human-readable form of a processor's instruction set. Most processor-specific functions must be written in assembly language.
一種人可讀的處理器指令集的形式。大多數處理器相關的功能必須用匯編語言編寫。
B
BSP(板卡支持包)
See board support package.
見board support package。
binary semaphore(二元信號)
A type of semaphore with just two states. Also called a mutex.
一種只有兩種狀態的信號。也叫互斥信號。
board support package(板卡支持包)
Part of a software package that is processor or platform-dependent. Typically, sample source code for the board support package is provided by the package developer. The sample code must be modified as necessary, compiled, and linked with the remainder of the software package.
軟件包的具有平臺依賴性的那一部分。典型地，板卡支持包的樣例源程序由包開發者提供。樣例源程序必須能在需要時被修改、編譯並與軟件包的剩下的部分連接起來。
bond-out processor (外合處理器)
A special version of a processor that has some of the internal signals brought out to external pins. A bond-out processor is most often found within an emulator and is never intended to be used in a production system.
一種特殊版本的處理器，它有一些，內部的信號能傳達到外置的針腳上。一個外合處理器絕大多數情況下只用在模擬器上，從來不會被特意用在產品系統上。
Breakpoint (斷點)
A location in a program at which execution is to be stopped and control of the processor switched to the debugger. Mechanisms for creating and removing breakpoints are provided by most debugging tools.
一個在程序中的地址，在那裏程序的執行被停止，並且處理器的控制轉換到了除錯程序。大多數除錯工具提供增加與刪除一個斷點的機制。
C
CISC(複雜指令集計算機)
Complex Instruction Set Computer. Describes the architecture of a processor family. CISC processors generally feature variable-length instructions, multiple addressing formats, and contain only a small number of general-purpose registers. Intel's 80x86 family is the quintessential example of CISC. Contrast with RISC.
複雜指令集計算機。對一種處理器架構的描述。CISC處理器一般產生變長的指令，多種地址格式，並且僅僅有少量的通用寄存器。Intel的80x86家族是是典型的CISC處理器。相對於RISC而言。
CPU(中央處理器)
Central Processing Unit. The part of a processor that executes instructions.
中央處理器。處理器中執行指令的那一部分。
Compiler(編譯器)
A software development tool that translates high-level language programs into the machine-language instructions that a particular processor can understand and execute.
把高級編程語言程序轉換到只有特定的處理器能瞭解和執行的機器指令的一種軟件開發包。
context (上下文)
The current state of the processor's registers and flags.
處理器當前的狀態和標誌。
context switch(上下文切換)
The process of switching from one task to another in a multitasking operating system. A context switch involves saving the context of the running ask and restoring the previously-saved context of the other. The piece of code that does this is necessarily processor-specific.
在多任務操作系統中我一個任務切換到另一個的過程。上下文切換包括保存正在運行的任務的上下文和恢復早先保存的另一個任務的上下文。做這個工作的一段代碼必須具有處理器特權。
counting semaphore(計數信號)
A type of semaphore that is used to track multiple resources of the same type. An attempt to take a counting semaphore is blocked only if all of the available resources are in use. Contrast with binary semaphore.
一種用來跟蹤多個相同類型資源的信號燈。僅僅在所有可用的資源都被用完了時才阻塞。相對二元信號而言。
critical section(臨界段)
A block of code that must be executed in sequence and without interruption to guarantee correct operation of the software. See also race condition.
一段必須按次序執行的代碼，並且不能被中斷，否則不能保證軟件正確地操作。參照：競爭狀況。
cross-compiler(交叉編譯器)
A compiler that runs on a different platform than the one for which it produces object code. A cross-compiler runs on a host computer and produces object code for the target.
一個運行在不同的平臺上的編譯器，其中之一能產生目標代碼。交叉編譯器在主機上運行並且產生目標機的目標代碼。
D
DMA(直接內存訪問)
Direct Memory Access. A technique for transferring data directly between two peripherals (usually memory and an I/O device) with only minimal intervention by the processor. DMA transfers are managed by a third peripheral called a DMA controller.
直接內存訪問。一種直接在兩個外設(通常是內存和I/O設備)之間進行數據傳輸的技術，它只要處理器最少的介入。DMA傳輸由叫DMA控制器的第三方外設進行管理。
DRAM(動態隨機訪問存儲器)
Dynamic Random-Access Memory. A type of RAM that maintains its contents only as long as the data stored in the device is refreshed at regular intervals. The refresh cycles are usually performed by a peripheral called a DRAM controller.
動態隨機訪問存儲器。一種RAM，存儲在其設備中的數據被定期刷新時才能保存它的內容。刷新週期一般由一個叫DRAM控制器的外設完成。
Data bus(數據總線)
A set of electrical lines connected to the processor and all of the peripherals with which it communicates. When the processor wants to read (write) the contents of a memory location or register within a particular peripheral, it sets the address bus pins appropriately and receives (transmits) the contents on the data bus.
連接處理器與所有外設進行通訊的電子線路集。當一個處理器想去寫(讀)某一特定外設中的存儲器地址或寄存器中的內容時，處理器設置地址總線並在數據總線上接收(傳輸)內容。
Deadline(死線)
The time at which a particular set of computations must be completed. See also real-time system.
一個特定計算必須被完成的時間。請看實時系統。
Deadlock(死鎖)
An unwanted software situation in which an entire set of tasks is blocked, waiting for an event that only a task within the same set can cause. If a deadlock occurs, the only solution is to reset the hardware. However, it is usually possible to prevent deadlocks altogether by following certain software design practices.
一種不希望出現的軟件狀態，在這個狀態下，所有的任務因爲等待一個只有在這些被阻塞任務之一才能產生的事件而被阻塞。如果死鎖發生，唯一解決的方法是重啓動硬件。但是，通過可靠的軟件設計實踐活動通常可以防止死鎖的發生。
debug monitor(除錯監視程序)
A piece of embedded software that has been designed specifically for use as a debugging tool. It usually resides in ROM and communicates with a debugger via a serial port or network connection. The debug monitor provides a set of primitive commands to view and modify memory locations and registers, create and remove breakpoints, and execute your program. The debugger combines these primitives to fulfill higher-level requests like program download and single-step.
嵌入式軟件被特殊設計來作爲除錯工具的一部分。它一般被放在ROM中，通過串口或網絡與除錯器進行通訊。除錯監視程序提供一個簡單的命令集來顯示和內存地址和寄存器、建立和移除斷點，並且運行你的程序。除錯監視器組合這些簡單的命令去實現象程序下載各單步調試等高端的請求。
Debugger(除錯器)
A software development tool used to test and debug embedded software. The debugger runs on a host computer and connects to the target through a serial port or network connection. Using a debugger you can download software to the target for immediate execution. You can also set breakpoints and examine the contents of specific memory locations and registers.
一個軟件開發工具，被用來對嵌入式軟件進行測試和除錯。除錯器在宿主機上運行並且通過串口或網絡連接到目標機上。你能使用除錯器下載軟件到目標機並直接運行。你也可以設置斷點並檢查特定內存地址或寄存器的內容。
device driver(設備驅動程序)
A software module that hides the details of a particular peripheral and provides a high-level programming interface to it.
一個軟件模塊，它隱藏特定外設的細節並提供高級的外設編程接口。
device programmer(設備編程器)
A tool for programming non-volatile memories and other electrically-programmable devices. Typically, the programmable device is inserted into a socket on the device programmer and the contents of a memory buffer are then transferred into it.
一種用來對不揮發內存和其他電可編程設備進行編程的工具。典型地，可編程設備被插到設備編程器的接口上，接着內存緩存器中的內容被傳送到它裏面。
digital signal processor(數字信號處理器)
A device that is similar to a microprocessor, except that the internal CPU has been optimized for use in applications involving discrete-time signal processing. In addition to standard microprocessor instructions, DSPs usually support a set of complex instructions to perform common signal-processing com putations quickly. Common DSP families are TI's 320Cxx and Motorola's 5600x series.
一種類似於微處理器的的設備，不同的是它內部的CPU被優化，用於特定的應用，如離散信號處理。除了標準的微處理器指令外，DSP常常支持複雜指令集去非常快地完成通用的信號處理計算。通用DSP家庭是TI320Cxx和Motorola的5600x系列。
E
EEPROM(電可擦的，可編程的只讀存儲器)
Electrically Erasable, Programmable Read-Only Memory. (Pronounced "Double-E"-PROM.) A type of ROM that can be erased electronically.
電可擦的，可編程的只讀存儲器。一種ROM能被電擦除。
EPROM(可擦的，可編程的只讀存儲器)
Erasable, Programmable Read-Only Memory. A type of ROM that can be erased by exposing it to ultraviolet light. Once erased, an EPROM can be reprogrammed with the help of a device programmer.
一種可用紫外線擦除的存儲器。一次擦除後，EPROM可以在設備編程器的幫助下被重編程。
embedded system(嵌入式系統)
A combination of computer hardware and software, and perhaps additional mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a dedicated function. In some cases, embedded systems are part of a larger system or product, as is the case of an anti-lock braking system in a car. Contrast with general-purpose computer.
計算機硬件和軟件的結合體，或許還加上機械等其他部分，被設計來完成專門的功能。在一些情況下，嵌入式系統是一個大的系統或產品的一部分，就象汽車上的防抱死裝置。與通用計算機相對。
Emulator(仿真器)
Short for In-Circuit Emulator (ICE). A debugging tool that takes the place of emulates-the processor on your target board. Emulators frequently incorporate a special "bond-out" version of the target processor that allows you to observe and record its internal state as your program is executing.
在線仿真器的簡寫。一個在你的目標板上放置仿真的處理器的調試工具。仿真器經常和一目標處理器的一種“外合”版本合在一起，這個版本的的處理器充許你運行程序時觀察和記錄它的內部狀態。
Executable(可執行的)
A file containing object code that is ready for execution on the target. All that remains is to place the object code into a ROM or download it via a debugging tool.
一個包含準備在目標機上運行的目標代碼的文件。放置目標代碼到ROM中或通過調試工具下載。
F
Firmware(固件)
Embedded software that is stored as object code within a ROM. This name is most common among the users of digital signal processors.
是作爲目標代碼存貯在ROM中的嵌入式軟件。這個名字在數字信號處理器的用戶中相當流行。
flash memory (閃存)
A RAM-ROM hybrid that can be erased and rewritten under software control. Such devices are divided into blocks, called sectors, that are individually-erasable. Flash memory is common in systems that require nonvolatile data storage at very low cost. In some cases, a large fash memory may even be used instead of a disk-drive.
一種RAM-ROM的混血兒，它能在軟件的控制下被擦除和重寫。一些設備被分成叫段組的塊，能個別地可擦。閃存用在需要很便宜的非易失數據存貯器的地方，一個大容量的閃存甚至被用作磁盤驅動器。
G
general-purpose computer(通用計算機)
A combination of computer hardware and software that serves as a general-purpose computing platform. For example, a personal computer. Contrast with embedded system.
當作通用計算平臺的計算機硬件與軟件的組合。例如，PC。相對於嵌入式計算機。
H
HLL
See high-level language.
查閱高級語言。
Heap(堆)
An area of memory that is used for dynamic memory allocation. Calls to malloc and free and the C++ operators new and delete result in run-time manipulation of the heap.
一塊被用作動態內存分配的內存區域。調用malloc和free、C++的操作符new、delete在運行時進行堆的操作。
high-level language(高級語言)
A language, such as C or C++, that is processor-independent. When programming in a high-level language, it is possible to concentrate on algorithms and applications without worrying about the details of a particular processor.
一種語言，象C或C++，是處理器獨立的。當在高級語言上編程時，不需要考慮特定處理器的細節，只用關心算法和應用。
Host(主機)
A general-purpose computer that communicates with the target via a serial port or network connection. This term is usually used to distinguish the computer on which the debugger is running from the embedded system that is being developed.
一臺通用計算機，它通過串口或網絡連接與目標機通訊。這處名詞一般用來區別調試程序運行的計算機和被開發的嵌入式系統。
I
ICE
In-Circuit Emulator. See emulator.
在線仿真器。查閱仿真器。
I/O(輸入/輸出)
Input/Output. The interface between a processor and the world around it. The simplest examples are switches (inputs) and LEDs (outputs).
輸入/輸出。處理器與外界的交互界面。最簡單的例子是開關(輸入)和發光二級管(輸出)。
I/O device(IO設備)
A piece of hardware that interfaces between the processor and the outside world. Common examples are switches and LEDs, serial ports, and network controllers.
一種介於處理器和外界之間的硬件設備。一般的實例是開關、LED、串口和網絡控制器。
I/O map(I/O映射)
A table or diagram containing the name and address range of each peripheral addressable by the processor within the I/O space. I/O maps are a helpful aid in getting to know the target.
一張包含每個外設的名字和地址的表格或圖表，可由處理器在I/O空間中設定地址。I/O映射對得知目標機情況非常有利。
