八年級英語語法知識
學好英語的語法是相當重要的。下面是本站小編收集整理的八年級英語語法知識以供大家學習。
八年級英語語法知識(一)
動詞形態不對應
下面兩則廣告中的第二個動詞形態就和前面的不對應，因此屬於一種字形上的錯誤：
① If you intend to buy or sell your property or having any queries, please feel free to call me .
② You will be in charge of interviewing and shortlisting candidates and to assist in the recruitment of 500 staff.
在第一句裡的“having”應改為“have”才對。不然，就要把這個分句完全寫出來：
“…… or if you have any queries, ……”
第二句裡的“and”是銜接前面的動名詞“interviewing and shortlisting”和後面的動名詞“assisting”。顯然，這裡不用動名詞而用不定式動詞“to assist”，也是犯了動詞形式不對應的錯誤，非改正不可。
還有，根據字詞的排列，“shortlisting”要排在“ interviewing”前面，才合邏輯。
①和②這類的錯誤相當普遍。雖然這樣的錯誤不會影響人們對文章的理解，但是總不是件文字上的好事，還是多多注意，儘量避免好。
同樣的，下列5個從學生作業中找出來的句子，也犯了同樣的毛病：
③ This will enable the parent to experience the new style of life and allows him or her enough time to consider settling down.
④ Utopianism violates the human conscience, denies privacy to individuals and discard human rights.
⑤ They have to reach a decision on either sending their child to a day-care centre or employ a maid.
⑥ It is very hard to relate the stories through other means and at the same time retains the critical aspects of the book.
⑦ This problem can be solved by developing correct language skills, concentrating on studies day by day, and try not to exert too much pressure.
③到⑦句子裡的動詞形態的錯誤是明顯的，改正也是容易的，即：
③ allow; ④ discards; ⑤ employing; ⑥ retain; ⑦ trying.
八年級英語語法知識(二)
英語多義詞
由於一詞多義在英語詞彙的運用上非常重要，這裡不厭其煩地再舉一個家喻戶曉的常用字 break，以加強我對這點的重視。
作為動詞，break 有下列 12 個常用意思：
① 打破、斷，如：(a)If you drop the cup, you will break it. (b)The rope suddenly broke.
② 違反、違約，如：(a)Don't break the law. (b)Tom is notorious for breaking promises.
③ 傷、毀，如：(a)Tony broke Jane's heart by not marrying her. (b)Judy dropped her watch and broke it.
④ 中斷、打斷，如：(a)The barking of the dog broke our sleep. (b)The stranger rushed in and broke our conversation.
⑤ 破曉，如：They arrived at the airport just as the day was breaking.
⑥ 放棄，如：It is hard to break the habit of smoking.
⑦ 開路，如：We sometimes saw voluntary workers help break paths in villages.
⑧ 毫無得失，如：He bought the sewing machine at $700 and sold it at the same price. He broke even on the deal.
⑨ 闖入，如：A thief broke into my neigbour's house and ran away with some valuables.
⑩ 爆發，如：If a new world war breaks out, can you imagine the consequences?
11. 突破，如：The soldiers tried to break through the enemy's line.
12. 停止，如：The meeting suddenly broke up.
當名詞時，break 有 5 個常見義，如下：
① 裂口：Please send for a plumber to repair the break in the water pipe.
② 拂曉：Fish mongers start work at the break of the day.
③ 吃茶點時間：A few of us have a tea-break at 11am every day.
④ 休息：There is one-hour break for lunch.
⑤ 變動：The bankrupt man has a break in his way of living.
八年級英語語法知識(三)
動詞主語別忘了呼應
根據英語語法規律，形容詞分句(也叫定語從句，adjective clause)裡的動詞必須和主句裡的先行詞(antecedent)呼應。先行詞是單數，形容詞分句中的動詞便是單數;先行詞是複數，形容詞分句中的動詞便是複數。例如：
① Do you know the woman who is walking the dog?(陪狗散步)
② Those who have performed well in the tournament will be rewarded.
在①裡，先行詞the woman是單數，形容詞分句裡的動詞is也是單數。反之，②裡的先行詞those是複數，who後面的動詞也是複數have.
根據這原則，who is upgrading 中的is便要改為are了。
動詞與主語不呼應的錯誤比比皆是。除了上述例子外，常見的錯誤還有下面幾種型別：
③Has Mr and Mrs Li decided to emigrate?
④Do your uncle live in Malaysia?
⑤There is several beautiful paintings on the wall.
⑥The news of Henry's resignation were received with great surprise.
⑦What we are doing are good for the nation as a whole.
⑧Someone have forgotten to turn off the light.
在③裡，助動詞 has 和複數主語 Mr and Mrs Li 不符，要改為 have.第④句裡的 do 和 your uncle 不搭配，要改為 does.第⑤ 句裡的 is 和真正主語 paintings 的數不一致，應改為 are.這個句子也可改變為：“Several beautiful paintings are on the wall”。在⑥裡的主語 news，其形式是複數，但意思是單數，動詞也要單數的 was received 才行。⑦裡的主語是名詞分句(noun clause)，是個單數的單位，動詞也要單數的 is，不是 are.在⑧ 裡的主語 someone 是單數代名詞，隨後的動詞必須是 has forgotten 才對。
上述動詞和主語不一致的毛病，屢見不鮮;即使英語能力好的人，也難倖免。
下面這句英語很好，但是裡面的動詞對嗎?是 has 還是 have 呢?
“Its unique concept and impressive magnitude has made it the talking point of the region.”
既然這句的主語是由 concept 和 magnitude 組成，便是複數，謂語動詞當然也要複數 have 才是。
