蘋果與谷歌聯手研發新冠病毒手機接觸追蹤系統
蘋果公司和谷歌公司正在合作開發一個新冠病毒接觸追蹤系統，該系統可讓iPhone和安卓智慧手機用於監測新冠病毒的擴散情況，以此幫助政府和衛生機構控制新冠肺炎疫情在全球範圍內的傳播。
Tech giants Apple and Google are teaming up to create a system that would let smartphone users know when they've come into contact with someone who has COVID-19.
科技巨頭蘋果公司和谷歌公司將聯手打造一個系統，讓智慧手機使用者知道他們何時與新冠病毒感染者有過接觸。
The technology would rely on the Bluetooth signals that smartphones can both send out and receive. If a person tests positive for COVID-19, they could notify public health authorities through an app. Those public health apps would then alert anyone whose smartphones had come near the infected person's phone in the prior 14 days.
這項技術將依賴於智慧手機發送和接收的藍芽訊號。如果一名患者的新冠病毒檢測呈陽性，他們可以通過一款應用程式通知公共衛生管理部門。這些公共衛生應用程式將向所有過去14天內其智慧手機曾靠近患者手機的人發出警報。
The technology could be used on both Google Android phones and Apple iPhones.
這項技術可以在谷歌安卓手機和蘋果iphone手機上使用。
The companies insist that they will preserve smartphone users' privacy. Smartphone users must opt in to use it. The software will not collect data on users' physical locations or their personally identifiable information. People who test positive would remain anonymous, both to the people who came in contact with them and to Apple and Google.
兩家公司堅稱，他們將保護智慧手機使用者的隱私。智慧手機使用者必須自主選擇才能使用這一功能。該軟體不會收集使用者的實際位置資料或個人身份資訊。新冠病毒檢測呈陽性的人將對接觸者以及蘋果公司和谷歌公司保持匿名。
anonymous[əˈnɒnɪməs]：adj.匿名的，無名的
"Privacy, transparency, and consent are of utmost importance in this effort," the companies said in a joint statement.
兩家公司在一份聯合宣告中稱：“隱私、透明度和使用者許可在這一過程中至關重要。”
The American Civil Liberties Union has warned that using cellphone data to address the pandemic carries risks of "invasions of privacy, abuse, and stigmatization."
美國公民自由聯盟警告稱，利用手機資料來應對疫情可能會帶來“侵犯隱私、濫用資訊和汙名化”的風險。
In a statement on Friday, ACLU surveillance and cybersecurity counsel Jennifer Granick said, "No contact tracing app can be fully effective until there is widespread, free, and quick testing and equitable access to healthcare. These systems also can't be effective if people don't trust them."
在上週五（4月10日）的一份宣告中，美國公民自由聯盟的監視和網路安全顧問詹妮弗·格拉尼克說：“如果沒有廣泛、免費、快速的檢測和公平的醫療保健體系，接觸追蹤應用程式是不可能完全有效的。如果人們不信任這些系統，它們也不會有效。”
New York City has set up an emergency field hospital in Central Park. The city had 60,850 COVID19 cases as of Saturday. REUTERS
She said that the joint Apple and Google project "appears to mitigate the worst privacy and centralization risks, but there is still room for improvement."
她說，蘋果公司和谷歌公司的聯合專案“似乎減輕了最嚴重的隱私和集中化風險，但仍有改進的空間。”
She added that contact tracing apps should be "voluntary and decentralized, and used only for public health purposes and only for the duration of this pandemic."
她補充說，接觸追蹤應用程式應該是“自願的、分散的，僅用於公共衛生目的，且僅在本次疫情期間使用。”
Google and Apple say their technology will be used only by public health authorities to trace the spread of COVID-19.
谷歌公司和蘋果公司表示，這項技術只會被公共衛生部門用於追蹤新冠病毒的傳播。
Public health officials say robust contact tracing — finding people who have been in contact with an infected person — will be a key step in lifting shelter-in-place restrictions. It would allow people who are known to have been exposed to the virus to quarantine or isolate themselves, while letting others resume normal activities.
公共衛生官員說，強有力的接觸追蹤系統能發現與感染者有過接觸的人，將是解除隔離限制的關鍵一步。這樣一來，接觸過病毒的人就可以進行隔離或自我隔離，同時其他人也可以恢復正常生活。
A team at MIT also has been working on a contact-tracing system that similarly uses Bluetooth signals to identify when people have come near each other.
麻省理工學院的一個團隊也在研究一種接觸追蹤系統，該系統同樣使用藍芽訊號來識別人們何時有過接觸。
Apple and Google are rolling out their contact-tracing technology in two steps. In mid-May, they will release software that will let public health authorities build apps that exchange information via Bluetooth.
蘋果公司和谷歌公司正分兩步推出這一接觸跟蹤技術。5月中旬，他們將釋出一款軟體，讓公共衛生部門能夠構建通過藍芽交換資訊的應用程式。
In the coming months, they will update their operating systems so phones can share information without having to install an app.
未來幾個月，兩家公司將升級作業系統，讓手機無需安裝應用程式就能共享資訊。
