中英雙語話歷史 第79期:元朝(農民大起義元朝滅亡)
In the later period of the Yuan Dynasty, the land was centralized. The people were poor, andethnic conflicts and class contradictions were intensified.
The rule of the Yuan Dynasty grew more and more corrupt. The scrambling for the throne was terribly serious.
元朝的統治也日趨腐朽，帝位之爭異常激烈。At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the plagues of locusts, drought, flood and earthquake took place one after another and year after year.
元朝末年連年出現蝗旱、水災和地震。
The natural disasters and man-made calamities pushed the masses to the edge of the death. Therefore rebellions happened one by one.
天災人禍把廣大人民群眾推到死亡的邊沿，武裝起義相繼而起。The rising up of the Red Turbans led by Liu Futong destroyed the reign of Yuan completely.
劉福通領導的紅巾起義從根本上瓦解了元朝的統治。In 1352, Zhu Yuanzhang, who was a tenant, joined the Red Turbans led by Guo Zixing, and he developed his power and influence step by step. In 1367, he issued the war proclamation against Yuan and raised a clarion call “to drive out the Dalu and restore China”. He sent the generals Xu Da and Chang Yuchun to fight in the North.
1352年佃農出身的朱元璋參加了郭子興的紅巾軍並逐步擴大自己的勢力和力量，於1367年釋出討元檄文，提出“驅逐韃虜，恢復中華”的口號，派大將徐達、常遇春率軍北伐。In the year of 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang made himself the emperor in Yingtian and founded the Ming Dynasty.
1368年朱元璋在應天稱帝，建立明朝，始稱明太祖。He was honored Ming Taizu (the first king of the Ming Dynasty). In the same year, the Ming armies occupied Dadu. The Mongol gentry escaped to the North, and the Yuan Dynasty died out.
同年，明軍攻佔大都，蒙古貴族逃亡塞北，元朝滅亡。The features and historical meaning of the Peasant Uprisings at the end of Yuan：The Peasant Uprising at the end of the Yuan Dynasty is a great struggle a-gainst the Yuan feudal control and national oppression with the major force of the Hans and the other nationalities.
元末農民大起義的特點和歷史意義:元末農民大起義是以漢族人民為主體、包括其他各族勞動人民在內的反對元朝封建統治和民族壓迫的一場大規摸鬥爭。The peasant armies raised the call to fight against the Yuan and restore Song, which had the color of national struggle, but actually a class one.
農民軍在鬥爭中提出反元復宋等口號，帶有民族鬥爭的色彩，但其實質仍然是階級鬥爭。The peasant uprising overthrew the Yuan Dynasty though it was made use by the class of landlords as tools to change dynasties. It made the four Khan countries lose their common leader, and this is a great event with world historical importance.
元末農民大起義雖然最後被地主階級利用去作為改朝換代的工具，但它推翻了元朝，使四大汗國失去了共主，這是具有世界歷史意義的大事。It blew the feudal landlords with the Mongol gentry as the main force and the peasants got certain land.
這次起義打擊了以蒙古貴族為首的封建地主階級,使農民獲得部分土地。In the rising, many Qukou (they had lower social status than the tenants), slaves and craftsmen got their freedom and created conditions for the production development in the early years of the Ming Dynasty.
在起義中，大量驅口（比當時佃農的社會地位還要低）、奴隸、匠戶爭得了自由，為明初的生產發展創造了條件。
