廣東:希望構建一個"幸福"社會
China's top officials regularly debate how to create prosperity. Guangdong Communist Party chief Wang Yang wants to go them one better. He says he wants to create a 'happy' society as well.
中國的高層官員常常圍繞如何實現國家的繁榮展開討論。廣東省委書記汪洋則想比他們更勝一籌。他說自己還希望構建一個"幸福"社會。Mr. Wang, in written responses to an email interview last year, is pretty clear about what happiness isn't. 'Facts show that people don't necessarily feel happy when they have material wealth,' he says.
記者去年曾通過電子郵件對汪洋進行過採訪，他在書面回覆中對幸福不是什麼給出了明確的回答。他說，事實表明，人們擁有物質財富不一定感覺幸福。He's a lot more obscure when he tries to define what happiness is. 'Different people from different cultures have different understandings of what happiness is,' he says. 'But people in the same region share an understanding of whether they are happy or not. That is something we ought to pursue. It is a type of lifestyle and feeling we can enjoy and build together.'
但他在試圖界定何為幸福時措辭則要含糊得多。他說，來自不同文化的人對幸福的理解是不同的，但同一地區的人對他們幸福與否則會有同樣的看法，幸福是我們應該追求的，它是我們能夠相互分享、共同建立的一種生活方式和感覺。
In Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong, provincial officials have tried to make concrete Mr. Wang's concepts. They have constructed a happiness index. They survey residents about how well they think the government is delivering on a variety of issues, including employment, education, culture, social insurance, consumption, environment and protection of rights.
在廣東省省會廣州市，省級官員們一直在努力給汪洋提出的幸福概念賦予具體的含義。他們推出了一個幸福指數。政府官員調查了居民對政府在各個方面表現的滿意度，包括就業、教育、文化、社會保險、消費、環境和公民權利保護情況。For unexplained reasons, the initial survey results, released on Valentine's Day this year, reported results from 2010 and 2009-nothing more recent. The Guangdong government didn't say how many residents were questioned or how such surveys were carried out.
出於不明原因，今年2月14日情人節那天公佈的首批調查結果僅包括2009年和2010年的情況，而沒有更近年份的結果。廣東省政府沒有說明受訪者有多少，也未說明調查是如何進行的。Given that Guangdong was suffering from the global financial crisis in 2009, some boost in happiness the following year could be expected, and indeed there was a bump, but just a little one.
鑑於2009年廣東省正遭受全球金融危機的衝擊，可以預計次年幸福指數會出現一定程度的上升，而2010年的幸福指數也確實提高了，但提高的幅度很小。Overall happiness increased to 72.83 (out of a possible 100) in the Pearl River Delta in 2010, an area that includes Guangdong's wealthiest cities of Guangzhou and Shenzhen, up from 70.22 in 2009. The saddest city surveyed was Zhaoqing, known for its 800-year-old city walls. It had a ranking of 66.69 in 2010, an increase from 64.41 the year before.
2010年，珠江三角洲的總體幸福指數上升至72.83（滿分為100），較2009年的70.22有所提高。廣東省最富裕的城市廣州和深圳都位於珠三角。珠三角地區受訪城市中幸福指數最低的是肇慶市，這座城市以其有800年曆史的城 而聞名遐邇。2010年，肇慶市幸福指數為66.69，2009年為64.41。Looking at the individual components of happiness, Guangdong residents felt best about the protection of their rights, according to the survey. (The official results didn't say whether respondents were provided some form of anonymity when answering questions.) They felt least satisfied with the province's social services and public infrastructure.
調查顯示，在構成幸福指數的單項指標方面，廣東居民對公民權利保護情況感到最滿意。(官方在公佈調查結果時沒有說明受訪者在回答問題時是否獲准使用一定形式的匿名。)他們對廣東省社會服務和公共基礎設施最不滿意。As to Mr. Wang's belief that money doesn't buy happiness, the survey shows mixed results. Guangzhou and Shenzhen, the two richest cities, were No. 1 and No. 3 on overall happiness in 2010. But another wealthy city, Maoming, was dead last in terms of happiness. And Meizhou, the poorest of the cities surveyed, ranked near the top.
而對於汪洋認為的金錢買不來幸福這一觀點，調查結果既未證實也未能推翻。2010年，廣東省最富裕的兩個城市廣州和深圳的整體幸福指數分別排在第一和第三位。但另外一個富裕城市茂名的幸福指數卻排在倒數第一。而梅州市雖然是各受訪城市中最窮的，但其排名卻很靠前。What does it all mean?
這一切意味著什麼？One Guangdong official said the survey results are combined with more traditional data, such as increases in income, when plotting policy. 'We're trying to get better at helping ordinary people,' he said.
廣東省的一位官員說，在制定政策時，決策者會將調查結果和居民收入增加值等更傳統的資料綜合起來考慮。他說，我們努力在幫助普通百姓方面做得更好。There is also a political dimension. The results are posted on billboards around the province. 'If the leader's city is last on the list, he'll be under pressure to do more,' the official said.
此外，調查結果還有其政治意義。調查結果通常公佈在全省各地的公告欄中。上述官員說，如果哪座城市的排名落在最後，這座城市的領導人會迫於壓力而改進自己的工作。
