每家公司都有3種人 領袖,囚徒和遊客大綱

When I run workshops for corporations, after some warm-up exercises, I always turn to the group and say “Would all the leaders in the room please raise their hands. I want to see who you are.” Most of the time, there is some nervous hesitation, faces swiveling around to see who might be raising their hands, a few giggles, uncertain looks, silence…and usually one or two hands will go slowly up in the air. I say “Great! Welcome to the program!” Then, to everyone else I ask “So, tell me, since you aren’t leaders, what are you?” Usually I get silence and more uncertain facial expressions as a reply. Sometimes they will say things like “Well only started at this job one year ago.” Or: “I’m in a relatively junior position.” But these are not the kind of answers I am looking for.

為公司組織研討會時，我總會在一番鋪墊之後對與會者說：“在座的所有領導請舉手，我想看看都是誰。”大多數情況下，他們會感到緊張，還有一些遲疑。他們左顧右盼，看看有誰會舉手。還有人傻笑幾聲，還有就是茫然的目光和沉默……通常只有一、兩個人慢慢地把手舉起來。這時我會說：“好極了！歡迎參加這次研討會！”然後，我就會問其他人：“那麼，既然你們不是領導，告訴我你們是什麼？”迴應我的一般都是沉寂和更加茫然的表情。有時候他們會說，“這工作我才幹了一年”，或者“我的職位較低。”但這並不是我想聽到的答案。

Then I ask them: “Are you visible? Can others around you observe your actions and hear your words? If you are visible, show me your hands.” Then, of course all the hands go up quickly. And I say “If you are visible, you are a leaders. Others will see what you do, listen to what you say and they are going to assume you know what you doing. And they will copy your style. As a result, everyone is a Leader. It’s just that some people don’t know they are leaders.”

接下來我會問他們：“別人看得到你們嗎？你們周圍的人能看到你的舉動，能聽到你說的話嗎？如果別人能看到你，請舉手。”這時，所有人當然都會迅速把手舉起來。接著我就會說：“如果別人看得到你，你就是領導。其他人會看到你做了什麼，會聽到你說了什麼，而且他們會認為你知道自己在幹什麼。他們會模仿你的風格。因此，每個人都是領導，只是有些人不知道而已。”

The point of this little anecdote is this: in any organization, all the players are leaders. It’s just that some are leading consciously and others are leading un-consciously---they aren’t aware that their actions and words and attitudes have impact on others. But the truth is: they do have impact, but it is often not of a kind that is helpful or positive. So this might be a good time to ask yourself: am I leading consciously or unconsciously?

我提到這件軼事是為了說明這樣一個問題，那就是在任何公司中，所有的參與者都是領導。只不過有些人是在有意識地當領導，其他人則沒有意識到這一點——他們不知道自己的行為、言語和態度已經影響到了別人。但真實情況是，他們對別人確實有影響，但這種影響經常不會給人幫助，也不會產生積極作用。因此，現在大家也許正好可以問問自己：我是在有意識地當領導嗎？還是在無意識地這樣做？

At this point I share with people in the workshop the words of Jack Welch, ex-CEO of General Electric, who says “In every team, every organization, every workshop there are three kinds of people: Leaders, Prisoners and Vacationers. The key for managers is to retain the leaders and weed out the prisoners and vacationers.” Here I want to share with you the distinctions of these three types of people and let you decide where you want to spend your time on Earth.

到了這個時候，我就會把通用電氣（General Electric）前執行長傑克•韋爾奇的話告訴這些參加研討會的人。韋爾奇說：“在每個團隊裡，在每家公司中，在每次研討會上都有三種人：領袖、囚徒和過客。經理人的關鍵任務就是把領袖留下來，把囚徒和過客剔除出去。”在此，我想跟大家談談這三種人的區別，然後讓大家決定自己想以怎樣的方式度過一生。

Prisoners. These are people who feel ‘stuck’ in their lives and live as if the survivors of a death march, the walking wounded, who would rather be doing something else, somewhere else, but “because of circumstances” they don’t see other options. Their mantra is “I have to be here, I have no choice.” They might as well hand-cuff themselves and walk around moaning. Prisoners complain the most, blame the most and do the least to make a positive impact on things that need to be fixed in their worlds. Sadly and ironically, many prisoners have staying power and even get promoted to senior positions just be playing politics well or staying out of the spotlight. And, because they are visible, it is even sadder that others will copy them and the system is soon replicated. Does this seem familiar to you? Do you know people like this?

囚徒。這些人覺得自己被生活‘困住了’，他們活得就好像自己是一次死亡行軍的倖存者，受了傷但仍在行走。他們更想在別的地方幹別的事情，但“受環境所限”，他們覺得自己沒有其他出路。他們的口頭禪是“我沒辦法，只能待在這裡，我別無選擇。”他們或許還會給自己帶上枷鎖，邊走邊呻吟。囚徒抱怨的最多，責怪的最多，但在積極影響身邊需要修正的事物方面，他們卻做得最少。許多囚徒都很有耐力，甚至被提拔到了高階崗位，但他們只是高明地玩弄著權術，或者躲開聚光燈，這很遺憾，也很有諷刺意味。而且，由於別人看得到他們，更遺憾的是別人會模仿他們，這樣的體制很快就會得到複製。大家對此覺得熟悉嗎？大家認識這樣的人嗎？

Vacationers. Vacationers are different from prisoners in many respects, however, their impact on an organization over time is quite similar. In essence, vacationers are just “here for the ride” and don’t really take their work very seriously. They also try to get the most for themselves while doing the least for others. They know how to squeeze every possible benefit out of the system for themselves and always seem to want more…for themselves. Their work is perfunctory and they show up as “floaters”---people who are actively disengaged. They excel at “looking good and not making mistakes” and they are the very last ones to take on additional responsibility. If they weren’t visible, it would be so bad. The problem is, they are easily observed and so lots of people may copy them and their style of “sliding by.” So vacationers, unfortunately are modeling another negative model of leadership. Yet in some organizations, vacationers can move up the ladder for a while.

過客。過客和囚徒有很多不同點。不過，他們對公司的長期影響相當類似。實際上，過客只是“到這裡尋開心”，不會真的嚴肅對待工作。他們還會設法儘可能地為自己牟利，同時儘量不為別人做什麼。他們知道怎樣從體制中儘可能地為自己爭取利益，而且似乎總是希望自己能得到更多的東西。他們敷衍工作，隨波逐流——主動地處於閒散狀態。他們擅長“做好表面文章，不犯錯誤”，而且總是最後一個去承擔更多的責任。如果別人看不到他們，情況就不會這麼糟。但問題就在於他們很顯眼，因此可能會有很多人模仿他們以及他們的“過客”風格。所以，很不幸，過客建立了另一種消極引領他人的模式。然而在某些公司，過客會在一段時間裡得到升遷。

Leaders. Leaders are nothing like vacationers or prisoners. Leaders want to be here and they are constantly scanning the radar for opportunities to make a difference. They focus on helping and guiding others instead of merely on what they can get for themselves. They vacuum up responsibility because they enjoy seeing things happen in effective ways and are always ready to take on more. The love the creativity of problem solving and welcome the ideas of others. Leaders “go the extra mile” for their own objectives, for the corporation’s objectives and in support of other’s objectives. They are optimists who see the glass as half-full rather then half-empty. Leaders trust themselves and their own worth, so they can easily make space to listen to others, offer suggestions, lend a helping hand. They have nothing to prove about themselves; rather they are visionaries who ask “I wonder what WE could achieve if we really put our minds to it?” Leaders exude a positive energy that is attractive…and thus it is not surprise that lots of people will copy them and replicate their positive style.

領袖。領袖和過客或者囚徒完全不同。領袖想到這裡來，他們總是在尋找改變局面的機會。他們把注意力放在幫助和指導別人上，而不僅僅是自己可以得到什麼。他們肩負起所有責任，因為他們樂於看到工作有效地得到開展，而且總是準備去承擔更多的責任。他們喜歡創造性地解決問題，而且歡迎別人提出建議。領袖會為了自己的目標，為了公司的目標以及為了支援別人的目標而“向前多邁一步”。他們是樂觀主義者，他們看到的杯子是滿了一半，而不是空了一半。他們相信自己和自己的價值，因此他們能夠輕鬆地留下空間來聽取別人的意見，提供自己的建議，或者伸出援手。他們不會為自己證明什麼，相反，他們有遠見，他們會問：“我想知道，如果真的把心思花在這上面，我們能取得什麼樣的成果？”領袖散發出的正能量具有吸引力……因此，許多人都效仿他們，採用和他們一樣的積極風格，這也是情理之中的事。

So you could ask yourself now:

那麼，現在大家可以問問自己：

In the past, when have I behaved as a Prisoner?

以前，我在什麼時候表現得像個囚徒？

And when have I behaved as a Vacationer?

又在什麼時候表現得像個過客？

And, in future, how can I show up every day as a fully-engaged Leader and make a difference for everyone I contact?

以後，我要怎樣做才能成為每天都全力以赴的領袖、改變每一個和我接觸的人？

And what is it going to feel like when acting as a conscious leader becomes my natural way of being, thinking and acting?

如果有意識地擔當領袖成了我生活、思考和行動的自然狀態，那會是什麼感覺？

You may even consider making a sticker like this and putting it at your work space where you can sit it every day:

大家甚至可以考慮寫一張便籤，把它貼在自己工作的地方，讓自己每天都和它相對，便籤上就這樣寫：

Prisoner?

囚徒？

Vacationer?

過客？

Leader?

領袖？

Just reflecting on these three basic ways of being, in the moment, can act as a powerful compass in your life. And, if you caught yourself acting as a vacationer or prisoner, don’t worry. Just remember your stand to be a leader and start again from that position. We aren’t here to be perfect. We are here to make progress.

現在，琢磨一下這三種生存狀態，這就能有力地為你指明生活的方向。如果你發現自己的行為像個過客或者像個囚徒，別擔心。只要記住你的立場是當一位領袖、同時以這樣的姿態重新開始就行了。我們到這裡來不是為了展示完美。我們到這裡來是為了取得進步。

The reality is simple: most of our life is experienced through one of these three lenses. Try consciously seeing the world through “Leader Glasses” for 30 days and I assure you, you will never want to view life as a Vacationer or Prisoner again. All three are leadership styles, but only one is going to make a difference in the world. Which glasses will you choose?

現實很簡單：在我們的生活經歷中，我們在大多數時間裡都帶著這三副眼鏡中的某一副。試著在30天時間裡通過“領袖的眼鏡”來看這個世界。我向你保證，你就再也不想以過客者囚徒的身份來審視自己的生活了。用這三種風格中的任何一種都可以引領別人，但只有一種能改變這個世界。你會選擇哪一副眼鏡呢？