初中英语语法陈述句
就事物依照其实在情形陈述的句子叫做陈述句。接下来，小编给大家准备了初中英语语法陈述句,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
初中英语语法陈述句
陈述句的句末必须使用句号(Full Stop)“.”，以示句子的陈述结束。
陈述句又分为肯定的陈述句和否定的陈述句，简称为肯定句和否定句。含否定词的句子称为否定句(Negative2 Sentence)，不含否定词的句子就称为肯定句(Affirmative Sentence)。例如：
Mr. Walker is an Englishman3.
(华克先生是英国人。——肯定句)
He is not an American.
(他不是美国人。——否定句)
简单地说，表达事物的“Yes”这一面的句子就是肯定句，“No”的一面的就叫做否定句。传统的英语入门都是先学肯定句，然后再学肯定句的反面，亦就是否定句。
否定句的表达方式基本上有下面的两种。
(1)使用副词否定词“not”，例如：
(a)be，have为主要动词，例：
I am not a good swimmer4.
(我不是一个游泳的好手。)
He was5 not at home yesterday afternoon.
(昨天下午他不在家。)
I have not much money.
(我没有很多钱。)
He has not many friend here.
(在这里他没有很多朋友。)
解说：“be/have +not”常缩短成一词，尤其是日常谈话更是如此。例如：
You aren't a friend of his, are you ?
(你不是他的朋友吧，是不是?)
He isn't my brother.
(他不是我的兄弟。)
I wasn't there at that time.
(当时我没有在那儿。)
There weren't many people at the party yesterday.
(昨天没有很多人参加宴会。)
“am +not”不是“amn't”，而是“aren't”或“ain't[eint]”，例如：
I ain't ready.
(我还没准备好。)
I am very nice to you, aren't I?
(我对你很不错，是不是?)
美国人用“ain't”很随便，应该是“are not，is not，have not，has not”的地方，他们也会“ain't”一下就带过去，宜注意。
下面例句是“have not，has not”的缩短形。例：
I haven't a headache.
(我没有头痛。)
(b)be，have为助动词
You aren't going6 to go to her birthday party, are you?
(你不打算参加她的生日宴会，是不是?)
It isn't raining outside.
(外面没有在下雨。)
She wasn't asked to speak at the meeting7.
(她没有被请求在会上讲话。)
I haven't done anything wrong to her.
(他没有做对不起她的事。)
He hasn't yet8 paid9 the money.
(他尚未付钱。)
be+ V -ing(进行时)，be +P.P.(过去分词)(被动词态)，have(has，had10)+P.P.(完成时)等的“be，have(has，had)”皆为助动词。例1的“be going to …”在学校文法中也常被视为助动词。
(c)“助动词+V”时
动词带有助动词“will，shall，can，may，must，need，dare，ought11 to，used to，had better”等时，将“not”置于助动词与主要动词之间。例如：
I will not do it again.
I won't do it again.
(我不愿意再做这种事。)
The old man cannot find his way home.
(那个老人找不到回家的路。)
I couldn't sleep last night.
(昨夜我无法入睡。)
You ought not to swim in the river.
(你不应该在河里游泳。)
You had better not tell her everything.
(你最好不要样样事情都告诉她。)
注：“can”的否定形式是“cannot / can't”，不可写成“can not /cann't”。
(d)使用助动词“do”的否定句
一般动词的否定句通常使用助动词“do”，句式如下：do(does, did12)+not + V(原形动词)，例：
I don't know her very well.
(我并不很了解她。)
He doesn't like Chinese tea very much.
(他并不很喜欢中国茶。)
She didn't come to school this morning.
(今天早上她没有来上学。)
Don't believe13 him.
(不要相信他的话。)
注：“have”表达“有”以外的意义时，其否定句通常使用助动词“do”，例如：
Usually I don't have (=eat) breakfast on Sunday morning.
(通常星期天早上我不吃早餐。)
She doesn't have (=drink) coffee for breakfast.
(她不把咖啡充作早餐喝。)
We didn't have (=enjoy) a good time there yesterday.
(昨天我们在那里玩得不愉快。)
不过美式英语“have”作“有”的意义使用时也如一般动词使用助动词“do”，例如：
I don't have brothers.
(我没有兄弟。)
We didn't have time enough to finish the work.
(我们当时没有足够的时间完成那件工作。)
(2)使用“not”以外的否定词：
(a)副词：never，seldom14，hardly，little，neither等，例：
She never comes to school late.
(他上学从不迟到。)
She seldom comes to see me.
(她不常来看我。)
(b)形容词：no，few15，little等，例：
I have no brothers.(=I don't have brothers.)
(我没有兄弟。)
He has few friends in Hong Kong.
(他在香港几乎没有朋友。)
(c)代词：nothing，nobody16，none等，例：
I know nothing about computer.
(对于电脑我一窍不通。)
I found17 nobody about computer.
(在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。)
注：
1.有些文法书认为“Not +V”为句子否定法，是否定句，而“no +n.或如nothing等”为单词否定法，不宜称为否定句。例如：
He doesn't have brother.(否定句)
He has no brothers.(单词否定，但应视为肯定句，因为谓语动词是肯定。)
请注意下面两句的意义上的区别：
He doesn't have a breakfast.
He has not a breakfast.
(他不吃早餐。——否定句)
He has no breakfast.
(他没有早餐可吃。——单词否定，肯定句)
2.否定也可以借用前缀或后缀来表达，例如：
He is honest18.
(他是诚实的。)
He is dishonest19.(=He in not honest.)
(他不诚实。)
They have children.
(他们有小孩。)
They are childless.(=The don't have children.)
(他们没有小孩。)
练习：
Ⅰ.请把下列各句改为否定句。
is the best student in my class.
has a lot of stamps.
studies very hard this semester20.
21 broke22 the glass yesterday.
he write you a letter last week?
the window, Peter.
had a walk after dinner yesterday.
Ⅱ.请把下列各句改为肯定句。
doesn't have to go to school today.
father doesn't go to his office by bus.
3.I didn't see him yesterday.
. Smith won't teach us next year.
need not do it today.
cannot run very last.
doesn't wash her clothes herself23.
扩展：初中英语基础语法：词类-感叹词感叹词(Interjection—int.)
定义：用以表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈情绪及招呼喊叫等的词或词组叫做感叹词。例如：
Ah!(啊!)
O(h)!(哦)!
Alas1!(哎呀!呜呼哀哉!)
Dear me!(天哪!)
My God!(天哪!糟糕!)
Hello!(喂!哈罗!)
Hi!(嗨!)
Happy birthday!(祝你生日快乐!)
解说：感叹词是一个独立的表意单位，与前后相接的从句(或句子)无修饰或从属关系。感叹词须如上面各例所示使用感叹号(亦称惊叹号)“!”标示。
