四级英文文章
优美的文字于细微处传达出美感,并浸润着学生的心灵。通过英语美文,学生不仅能够感受语言之美,领悟语言之用,还能产生学习语言的兴趣。下面是本站小编带来的四级英语晨读美文，欢迎阅读!
How to Keep Your Most Talented People
如何留住你的最优秀人才
In 1943, social scientist Abraham Maslow outlined a pyramid that showed what he called the human being's "hierarchy of needs."
1943年，社会学家亚伯拉罕·马斯洛提出了金字塔式的人类需求层次理论。
People start with a desire for basic physiological needs: food, clothing，shelter-that's the bottom of the pyramid. Once they've achieved those，they seek safety, and then social interaction and love, and then self-esteem. Finally, at the top of the pyramid, is what Maslow called "selfactualization" -the need to fulfill one's self, and become all that one is capable of becoming.
人们从基本的生理需求吃、穿、住开始，这些位于金字塔的最底端。一旦他们实现了这些，他们就会寻求安全，然后是社交和爱，接下来是自我尊重。最后，在金字塔的顶端，是马斯洛所说的自我实现，即实现自我，发挥自己所有潜能的需求。
In the early days of the study of management, Frederick Taylor wrote that what workers most want is high wages-which would help them fulfill their basic physiological needs. But it's fair to say today, most workers-and particularly your best workers-have made their way to the top of Maslow's pyramid.
在管理研究的初期，弗里德里克·泰勒曾写道，工人们最想得到的是高工资，这有助于他们满足基本的生理需求。但公平地说，如今的大多数工人，尤其是最优秀的工人已经走向了马斯洛金字塔的顶端。
"Making a living is no longer enough," wrote management guru Peter Drucker. "Work also has to make a life." If you want to keep good people, their work needs to provide them with meaning-a sense they are doing something important，that they are fulfilling their destiny. At the end of the day, these psychological needs are likely to be as important, and perhaps more important, than the salary you pay.
管理学大师彼得·德鲁克说，生存已经不够了，工作也是为了生活。如果你想留住人才，他们的工作需要让他们感到有意义，一种他们在从事重要的工作、实现自己使命的感觉。总有一天，这些心理需求可能会同你支付的工资同样重要，甚至更加重要。
To keep your best people, then, you need to make sure they are Personally committed to the goals of the organization, and that they feel those goals are worth achieving. And you need to make certain they feel they are playing a suitably significant role in reaching those goals.
为了留住人才，你需要确保他们个人致力于组织目标的实现，并让他们觉得这些目标值得他们去实现。你需要确定，他们感觉在实现组织目标的过程中扮演着恰如其分的重要角色。
That's a complex management challenge, not easily summed up in a few simple rules or guidelines. One good description of the complex social and psychological elements that go into creating a satisfying workplace is in Tracy Kidder's Pulitzer Prize-winning book, The Soul of a New Machine. Mr. Kidder skillfully records the human drama, and, ultimately, the magic that motivated a team of engineers at Data General Corp. in the 1970s to develop a new generation of computer.
这是管理上的一项复杂挑战，难以概括成几条简单的标准或规则。特雷西·基德的《新机器的灵魂))-书描写了创建一个令人满意的工作场所所涉及的复杂的社会和心理因素。此书获得了普利策奖。基德先生很好地记录了人类的这些因素，这也是上世纪70年代最终激励了 Data General Corp一个工程师团队开发出新一代电脑的魔力。
The Data General team worked with little formal encouragement from the company's top management. But they came to believe in what they were doing. At the end of his book, Mr. Kidder compares the people on the team to the stonemasons who bui1t the great cathedrals.
Data General Corp.的工程师团队从公司的最高层没有获得过什么
正式的鼓励。不过他们却坚信自己所做的事情。基德在书的最后，将小组中的工程师比作修建了大教堂的石匠。
"They were building temples to God. It was the sort of work that gave meaning to life. That's what team leader Tom West and his team of engineers were looking for, I think. They themselves liked to say they didn't work on their machine for money. In the aftermath, some of them felt that they were receiving neither the loot nor the recognition they had earned, and some said they were a little bitter on that score. But when they talked about the project itself, their enthusiasm returned. It lit up their faces. Many seemed to want to say that they had participated in something quite out of the ordinary."
他们是在建造向上帝致意的教堂。这是一种赋予生活意义的工作。我想，这正是组长汤姆·维斯特和他的工程师团队在寻找的。他们喜欢说自己并不是为了钱才开发电脑的。 成功之后，一些人觉得自己既没有得到钱也没有得到应得的认可。有些人说，他们对此感到有些痛心。不过当谈到项目本身时，他们的热情就又回来了。热情点亮了他们的脸庞。很多人看起来想说，他们曾经参与了一项非凡的事业。
That is the magic of managing talented people.
这就是管理人才的秘诀。
四级英语晨读美文篇二Dating Other Couples
夫妇二人行拓展交际圈
0ne of the many great things about being married or with a partner is not having to worry about meeting and dating new people-or so one might have thought. As Elizabeth Bernstein points out in her Bonds column in today's Personal Journal section, "couples dating" brings a whole new set of issues as the partners try to meet suitable friends.
己婚或有固定伴侣的重要好处之一就是你再也不必为和陌生人见面约会而伤神了。或者说，你可能会这么以为。但正如伊丽莎白·伯恩斯坦 (Elizabeth Bernstein)在她的最新专栏文章中所指出来的那样，当你结婚后，你们夫妻二人与另外一对夫妇为交友而进行的“夫妻约会”将带来一系列全新的问题。
Take the experience of Ben Houten and his wife, who've "dated" an array of couples since moving to Grand Rapids, Mich.，three years ago: They had one "date" where the woman was self-absorbed, another, Mr. Van Houten recalls, where the man was "a complete dud with no sense of humor," and a third that was ruined by politics. When Mr. Van Houten got up his nerve and asked a neighbor and his wife out to dinner，the man replied，"I don't like people. "
伊丽莎白讲述了本·霍登夫妇的经历。当他们3年前刚刚搬到密歇根州大急流域时，他们二人"约会"了多对夫妻。霍登回忆道，在他们当中，有一对中的妻子一切以自我为中心，第二对中的那个丈夫是个十足的闷葫芦，一点儿幽默感都没有，第三对则被政治给毁了。还有一次霍登鼓足勇气约一对邻居夫妇外出就餐，那位丈夫的回答居然是“我不喜欢人。”
And the date, Elizabeth says, is merely where the stress begins. "Because what if they don't cal1? Should you contact them? And if you do, and you still don't hear back, what does that say about your relationship with your partner? Are you irritating? Insufferable? Uninteresting as a team?"
伊丽莎白说，这样的约会成了压力的开始。因为你总会想“如果他们不打电话怎么办?你是否应该联系他们?如果你联系了他们，却还是得不到回应，那么这对四人关系意味着什么呢?你们是不是会惹人讨厌，让人难以忍受?还是乏味的一对?”
After reading Elizabeth's tales of couples who suffered through dates where a wife licked cheese off a knife, or where one spouse asked the other if it was time to "go sleepy in the beddie"-and if you think back to your own couples-date mishaps-your might wonder why it's worth it at all. But looking around at your group of friends，whom you no longer need to date，tells the story.
读者还会在伊丽莎白的文章里看到有些夫妇在“约会”时行为不当，一位妻子舔掉了刀上的奶酶，还有一位丈夫则当众问太太现在是不是该“睡觉觉” 了;再联想自己交友经历中的糗事，你或许会自间经历这一切是否值得。但是看看你身边那些你无需去主动约会、已成为你朋友的人们，你就明白了其中价值。
"Research shows that couples who are friends with other couples have happier, longer-lasting relationships with each other," Elizabeth writes. The reasons are simple. If you have friends who enjoy you as a couple, you may feel better about your union. These other couples can be a support network. And the process of making new friends together may inject energy into your relationship and give you something to bond over.
伊丽莎白写道，调查显示，如果夫妻二人有其他夫妇为友，那么他们两者间的关系更快乐、更持久。她说原因很简单，因为如果有朋友接纳、欣赏你和你的伴侣，那么你会对自己的另一半感觉更好，这些小家庭之间可以构成一个支撑网 s而且夫妻共同的交友过程会给两人的关系注人能量，巩固你们的纽带。
My wife and I were fortunate to develop a great group of friends soon after moving to the suburbs six years ago. 0ur initial couple's dates went so smoothly that I don't really remember them as dates, per se, and since the initial getting-to-know you phase we've become so close that we just booked a vacation house for next summer that five families will share (10 adults and 11 kids!).
在6年前搬到郊区居住后，我和我太太很幸运地结交了不少朋友。起初，我们和其他夫妇的交往进展得非常顺利，以致于我几乎没把它们归结为“约会”。大家在经过了一开始的互相了解阶段后就打成了一片，我们5家人刚刚为明年夏天预订了度假屋，想想看，共有 10个成人、 11个孩子!
On the other hand， we've had some couples dates that didn't seem 10 take. A while back we had a great dinner at the home of a couple who were new to our church. We laughed, shared personal stories and seemingly bonded-the question was not whether we'd next get together, but when. The when turns out to be about two years and counting, and I'm not really sure why. Just one of those things.
另一方面，我们也有一些不了了之、彷佛从来不曾发生过的交友经历。我们曾经在一对新教友家中享用了一顿非常棒的晚餐。我们有说有笑、分享个人故事，似乎建立起了友谊，问题不是我们是否要再见面，而是什么时候再聚。可是到现在一晃两年过去了，我也不知道我们为什么再也没有了下文。这只是类似的事情之一。
What have your couples-dating experiences been like? Have you made good friends that way-or had some horror stories?
你们有试图和其他夫妇交友的经历吗?你们是不是由此找到了好朋友，或是有什么令人不快的故事?
四级英语晨读美文篇三What Makes a Company Great to Work For
什么样的公司最受雇员喜欢
It may be hard to imagine, but there is a better place to work than Google.
有比谷歌还理想的雇主吗?难于想象，但这样的公司不是没有。
That's what Fortune magazine says, anyway, in its latest annual list of the 100 Best Companies 10 Work For. The winner is NetApp, a 5,000 employee data-storage company based in Sunnyvale, Calif. NetApp helped topple the previous list-leader, Google, to No. 4 on the Fortune Iist from its usual No. 1. Financial-services firm Edward Jones, known for its small-city offices and personal touch with clients， is No. 2, and the Boston Consulting Group, a big management consulting firm, came in third.
《财富》杂志在最新的年度排行榜《最佳雇主100强》当中就是这么说的。摘得桂冠的是NetApp，一家总部位于美国加州森尼维尔的数据存储公司，雇员有 5000人。去年高居榜首、通常总是拿第一的谷歌，则被挤到了第四的位置。金融服务公司爱德华·琼斯获得亚军，很多人都知道这家办公室分布在小城市的公司和对客户的人性化。波士顿咨询公司位居第三，这是一家大型管理咨询公司。
What makes NetApp so great? Its egalitarian culture, Fortune says-which seems likely to make employees' juggles a lot easier. For example, business travelers often suffer jet lag or exhaustion trying to take the cheapest flights to save their employers money. Mindful of the problem, NetApp management ditched a travel policy a dozen pages long in favor of a simple maxim: "We are a frugal company. But don't show up dog-tired to save a few bucks. Use your common sense," the policy says, according to Fortune. Other perks include several that promise to improve work-family-community balance, such as five paid days off for volunteer work and $11 ,390 for adoption assistance. NetApp
为什么NetApp这么强?《财富》说，这是由于它的平等主义文化一一看来这种文化很容易俘获员工的心。例如，为给雇主省钱、总是乘坐最便宜航班的出差员工，常常受到时差和疲劳的困扰。考虑到这个问题， NetApp的管理层制定了一项差旅政策，10来页的篇幅总结起来也就是一句话，按《财富》的引述是：“我们是一家节俭的公司，但不要为省几块钱而以筋疲力竭的形象示人。运用常识做事”其他好规定中，有几条许诺要增进工作·家庭·社区的平衡，比如有5天带薪假用于志愿工作，还提供11390美元的收养补助。
But don't bother to apply for a job there. NetApp has 45,898 applications pending for 55 openings, Fortune says-producing odds only slightly better than winning Powerball.
但不要劳神去这家公司找工作了。《财富》说， NetApp有55个空缺岗位，但有45898人排队申请，成功机会只比强力球彩票的中奖几率高一点。
Thinking back over the six employers 1 have worked for, the one that has kept me happiest, longest, has offered me more training, more new challenges and more pay increases than the others. The culture at this employer-my current one-has been a factor too，including the collegial atmosphere and emphasis on high professional standards.
回顾我工作过的6家公司，让我最快乐，工作时间最久的那一家，给我的培训、新挑战和涨工资的次数都比其他几家多。这家公司就是我现在就职的这一家，其文化也是一个因素，包括它学院式的氛围，以及对高专业标准的强调。
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