你應該知道的韓國餐飲5件事

This list is created with people who are new to Korean food in looks at 5 things I had to learn through research that are not immediately obvious to us non-Koreans. Learning these tips will help you when you are dining in a Korean restaurant or in a Korean friend’s home.[qh]
這個列表是針對初次接觸韓國食物的人創建的。表中羅列了五件對於非韓國人而言必須知道卻不太淺顯的事。當你在韓國餐館或者韓國朋友家裏就餐時學到的這些可以幫到你。

You should keep in mind that Koreans are generally very pleased to see someone making an effort to know their culture and they will definitely overlook any errors of etiquette you may have. So don’t be nervous when eating – enjoy the delicious food and good company.

你應該注意到了韓國人普遍非常樂於看到人們想要學習他們的文化，並且他們會忽略你可能會有的一些禮節性錯誤。所以吃飯的時候不要太緊張，和好朋友一起享受美味的食物就好了。

1. Metal Chopsticks
金屬筷子
Unlike the Chinese and Japanese who use wooden chopsticks, Koreans usually use metal chopsticks. In fact, metal has been the material of choice for chopsticks in Korea since the 6th century AD.

不像中國人和日本人使用木筷子，韓國人常常使用的是金屬筷子。實際上，在公元6世紀在韓國就用金屬製作筷子了。

The reason for using metal over wood is unclear but some theories suggest it was for hygiene reasons, or the scarcity of quality timber making metal cheap. The other unique thing about Korean chopsticks is that they are always accompanied by a metal spoon.

使用金屬筷子而非木筷子的原因尚不清楚，但是一些理論表明是衞生方面的原因。或者是優質木材的奇缺使金屬製筷子更為便宜。另一個韓國筷子的特點是它們總是伴隨着金屬勺。

This is because of the large number of soup-like dishes eaten at a Korean meal. In fact, most Korean meals involve soup and rice primarily (with kimchi on the side of course), with other side dishes being optional. When setting the table, the spoon always goes to the left of the chopsticks.

這是因為韓國餐飲中有大量湯類食物。事實上，大部分韓國食物以湯和米飯為主(泡菜在一邊),另一邊的食物隨意，勺子總是被放在筷子的左邊。

2. What goes where?
如何擺放？
There is a particular order to the placement of things on a Korean table. At each place setting you have rice, then to its right you have soup, then the chopsticks on the far right. Stews and side dishes are arranged in the center of the table for everyone to share. And when I mean share, I mean it – even the stews are usually eaten by everyone from a communal pot. When sharing from a communal pot make sure your spoon is very clean – this is done with the mouth – not a napkin. In other words, when eating off your spoon don’t leave anything behind before dipping it again. [Image © Visit Korea]

韓式餐桌物品的擺放是有一定秩序的。首先從擺放米飯的位置開始，在它的右側是放湯的位置，筷子則是放在右側較遠的地方。燉菜和配菜應放在桌子的中央，讓大家可以一起分享。我這裏所説的分享，是指大家從一個公共的盆裏夾取食物。而當你要從盆裏夾取食物的時候，記得保證湯勺是乾淨的。但千萬不要有紙巾來擦乾淨，而是用你的嘴巴。換句話説，在你再次蘸取以前，保證湯勺離開你的嘴的時候沒有殘留任何食物。

3. Right Tools

正確的工具
You should use the right tools for the job – in Korean food that means you eat your rice with a spoon. So often on video clips online of non-Koreans eating bibimbap (mixed rice) you see them struggling to stir up their rice and vegetables with their chopsticks. They should be using a spoon! It is very easy to mix up bibimbap this way and, of course, it means you get to eat it much faster as everything must be mixed well first. The spoon is also used for soups, stews, and porridges. Chopsticks are there to help you pick up pieces of meat or vegetables from a barbecue if one is in use, or to take side dishes. [Image © Kyle Strickland]

吃飯時須用對工具——這句話放在韓國食物中意思是吃米飯要用勺。在網上的視頻短片中，你可以常常看到非韓國人吃石鍋拌飯（什錦飯）時在努力地用筷子攪拌米飯和蔬菜。他們應該用勺！這樣的話攪拌石鍋拌飯就很容易了，而且由於開吃之前必須先將石鍋拌飯裏的一切東西攪拌均勻，當然這也意味着你可以更快地開吃。勺也用於喝湯、吃燉菜和喝粥。在韓國筷子如被使用，是用來幫你從燒烤架上夾起肉片或蔬菜，或者用來吃一些配菜。

4. Good Manners

好的禮儀
It can be considered rude if you don’t eat all of your rice. It is not necessary to finish all of the side dishes on the table, but the rice is a must. You should never blow your nose at the table – this is considered to be one of the rudest actions possible. Other banned acts: leaving chopsticks in your bowl between bites, eating with your mouth open, talking with your mouth full, overeating, and using your hands to pick up dishes. You should also not start eating before the oldest person at the table starts. When you have finished eating, your spoon and chopsticks return to the place from whence they came: on the table. You should never leave utensils poking out of dishes.

如果你不吃完碗裏所有的飯，會被認為是沒有教養的。桌子上的菜可以不吃完，但是米飯是必須吃完。也不要在飯桌上擤鼻涕，這也被認為是最不禮貌的行為之一。其他禁止的行為還包括：咀嚼的時候把筷子放在碗裏；咀嚼的時候張嘴；嘴裏有東西的時候説話；吃得太多；用手吃等等。在吃飯前，你應當在最年長的人開吃之後才動筷。當你吃完飯了以後，把你的湯勺和筷子放到它們在桌面上最初的位置。不要用餐具戳碰除了飯菜以外的東西。

5. Drinking Manners

飲酒禮儀
At the table you should not pour your own liquor – someone else will pour it for you (hold your glass with two hands while it is being filled), and in turn, you should pour drinks for them. If you are serving a drink to someone older than you, use two hands to hold the bottle – otherwise one handed is fine. Make sure your companion’s glass is never empty. This next rule may sound tedious, but Koreans are much more aware of social order so it is quite important. When drinking with someone higher than you on the social ladder (either in age, business rank, or social rank) you should turn your head away from them when you take a sip. This is done as a sign of deference.

在餐桌上你不應該自己為自己倒酒——有人會為你倒的（倒酒時你必須用雙手捧起杯子），反過來，你也應該為他們倒酒。如果給比你年長的人倒酒，那麼拿起酒瓶時要用雙手，如果同伴並非比你年長，那麼一隻手拿酒瓶也可以。確保你同伴的杯子裏總是有酒。下一個規矩可能聽起來很無趣，但韓國人更加註重社會秩序，所以這條規矩相當重要。與比你社會階層(在年齡、職級或社會地位方面)高的人一起喝酒時，在喝一小口時，你不應該面對着他們，而應該把頭扭開。這是一個表達敬意的姿態。