before的用法总结
以下是小编为大家总结的before的用法,希望能帮助大家更好地掌握before的用法,提高英语水平。
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before的用法总结
1 作介词
A.指时间.在……以前. e.g. It began to rain before midnight .
B. 指位置.在……面前. e.g. They knelt before the king .
C. 指顺序或排列在前面. e.g. You name comes before mine on the list .
2 作连词
A.在……之前. e.g. Did she leave a message before she went ?
B.用于It + be +时间段 + before :在……之后才…… e.g. It willl be five years before I come back .
3 常于情态动词 can / could 连用 : 还没来得及……就……
e.g. Before I could say a word , she had rushed out of the room
掌握before热点用法
1. prep. 在......以前,强调时间
He came to see me the day before yesterday. 他前天来看我了。
2. prep. 在......前面,当着......的面,向......,强调地点
She has to appear before the court. 她必须出庭受审。
3. prep. 在......之前,先于,强调次序
Those with babies can get on the bus before others. 带小孩的人可以先上汽车。
4. prep. 与其......(宁愿)
I'd shoot myself before I apologized to him! 我宁死也不向他道歉!
5. adv. 以前,强调时间
We've seen that film before. 我们以前看过那场电影。
6. adv. 在前面,向前,强调位置
Don't run before and after. 别跑前跑后。
7. conj. 在......前,强调时间
before的含义比较灵活,实际翻译时应结合具体情况机动处理。
1. 趁......
You should do it before it is too late. 趁现在还不算太晚,你应该赶快做它。
2. 尚未来得及
Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar. 她还没有来得及动弹,就听见有很响的声音,接着就成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。
Before they reached the house, a new great wave came, sweeping down trees, and sweeping them down too. 他们还没到屋子,又一个巨浪打来,冲倒了树,也冲倒了他们。
3. 要......先......
You should be a pupil before you become a teacher. 要当老师,先作学生。
二、掌握热点句型用法
It was not long before...(过去)没过多久就......
It was not long before he returned to Beijing. 不久他就回到北京。
需要特别注意,该句型可以进行创新,可将否定句改为肯定句(It was long before...过了很久才......)或将一般过去时改为一般将来时(It will not be long before...要不了多久就......;It will be long before...要过很久才......)。before在这些句型中均引导时间状语从句, long这个抽象的时间也可改为years, weeks, days等具体表时间的词。
It was long before he married Wei Fang. 过了很久他才娶魏芳。
It will be long before he goes abroad. 要过很久他才出国。
Will it be years before he goes to school? 要过好几年他才能上学吗?
高考题例:
It ________ long before we ________ the result of the experiment.
A. will not know B. know C. will not D.
【析】正确答案为C。该句面意思为:在我们知道实验结果之前不会过很长一段时间,也就是不会过很长一段时间我们就会知道实验结果。应使用It was not long before的创新句型It will not be long before,before引导时间状语从句时,从句应用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
Scientists say it may be five or six years ________ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A. since B. after C. before D. when
【析】正确答案为C。该句型也是It was not long before的创新句型。
when与befor的区别
本文结合典型例题来归纳一下before的特殊用法。
before作为连词时的基本意义是“在……之前”,用于表示时间或顺序。如:Turn the light off before you sleep. (睡前先把灯熄掉。) Think before you speak. (说话之前,应先想清楚。) 但在不同的语境中before有不同的意义:
1. before表示“不等……就……”、“尚未……就……”
例1: —Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting? (2006年四川)
—He rushed out of the room I could say a word.
A. before B. until C. when D. after
解析: 答案为A。题中before意为“不等……就”、“尚未……就……”,它表示从句的动作尚未来得及发生,主句的动作已发生或完成。全句句意为:我还没来得及说他就冲出了房间。又如:
Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. 我还没有来得及插上话,他就给我量好了尺寸。
The phone stopped ringing before I answered it. 我还没有来得及接,电话就挂了。
2. before表示“不知不觉,还没弄清就……”(常用于before sb. know/realize…)
例2: Several weeks had gone by I realized the painting was missing. (2004全国)
A. as B. before C. since D. when
解析: 此题最易错选C或D项,而正确答案为B。用since则时间延续到了现在,在时间上与had gone矛盾;用when则无法强调时间流逝的不知不觉性。又如:
Time passed quickly and three months went by before I knew it. 时间飞快地流逝,不知不觉3个月过去了。
3. before表示“以免,不然”
例3: It’s cloudy. Take an umbrella you regret it.
A. but B. and C. after D. before
解析: and及but表示并列关系,不合语境;after意为“在……之后”,不合常识,应是在下雨前带伞;before在此处意为“以免你后悔”。before作此意义的用法的例子不少,又如:
Put that away before it gets broken. 把它收好,以免砸了。
Do it before you forget. 尽早动手,不然忘了。
4. before用于it was / will be + 时间 + before ... 句型中。
例4: It won’t be long you regret what you have done.
A. after B. before C. since D. until
解析: It was / will be + 时间 + before ... 表示“过了多久才…(强调时间的长)”,在否定句中则表示“没过多久就…(强调时间的短)”。例如:
It will be two years before we meet again.我们要过两年才能见面。
It wasn’t long before he married again. 不久他就又结婚了。
We didn’t wait long before he came back. 我们没等多久他就回来了。
5. before表示“与其……宁可……,比……优先”(用于表优先顺序)
例5: They would fight to death they surrendered(投降).
A. before B. after C. since D. because
解析: 答案为A。before引导的从句在与will, would连用时,有“宁愿……也不”的含义。before即使是作介词用也有此意义。例如:
True men choose death before dishonor. 大丈夫宁可杀不可辱。
I’d die before I apologize to them! 我宁死也不愿向他们道歉!
We will die before we give in. 我们宁死不屈。
6. before表示“……才”(强调从句动作发生得晚或慢)
例6: They sailed along the Pacific Ocean for two weeks they arrived home.
A. since B. when C. before D. after
解析: 此题正确答案为C。全句句意为:“他们在太平洋航行了两个星期才回到家。”强调从句动作比主句动作发生晚。又如:
I thought carefully about it before I made a decision. 我经过再三考虑才决定。
It may be many years before the situation improves. 或许要过很多年这种状况才能得到改善。
下面有一道2003年的高考题:
Don’t be afraid of asking for help ____ it is needed.
A. unless B. since C. although D. when
本题答案为D,考查when作连词的用法。此处when相当于if,意为“如果,要是”。
下面我们来归纳一下when 的用法:
1.作疑问副词,意为“什么时候,什么场合”。如:
I don’t know when he died.
我不知道他何时去世的。
Since when has he been missing?
他是从什么时候失踪的?
2.作关系副词,引导定语从句。如:
He came at a time when we needed help.
他在我们需要帮助的时候来了。
We’ll never forget the day when we joined the Party.
我们永远不会忘记我们入党的那一天。
3.作连词,引导时间状语从句。如:
①表示“当……的时候”、“无论什么时候”、“一……的时候”之意。如:
It was raining when we arrived.
我们到的时候天正在下雨。
When I was a boy, I used to go to the Western Hills on Sundays.
小时候,我经常在星期天到西山公园去玩。
It is cold when (whenever) it snows.
一下雪天就冷。
He joined the PLA when (as soon as) he returned home.
他回家后就参了军。
②意为“可是,然而,既然,考虑到”。如:
How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television?
他们把所有的空闲时间都用来看电视了,还能学什么东西呢?
They have only three copies when we need five.
他们只有三本,可我们需要五本。
The waitress brought me coffee when I asked for tea.
虽然我叫了茶,女服务员却拿了咖啡给我。
③ 意为“如果,要是”。如:
You shall have the apple when you say “Please”.
你要是说“请”,这苹果就是你的。
He will likely recover when he undergoes the operation.
如果动手术的话,他可能会复元。
When he receives the letter, he’ll tell us.
他要是收到信就会告诉我们的。
I’ll do that when necessary.
有必要我就会那样做。
How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none?
如果你不宽恕别人,你自己怎能希望得到别人的宽恕呢?
④引导并列分句总是置于另一分句之后,不可前置,相当于and just at the time。如:
I was just about to go swimming when luckily our guide saw me and shouted at me.
我正要去游泳,这时我们的导游看见我并对着我喊叫。
We were watching TV, when suddenly the light went out.
我们正在看电视,灯突然熄了。
by 与 before
当英译终止时间时,比如“在某月某日之前”,如果包括所写日期时,就用介词 by;如果不包括所写日期,即指到所写日期的前一天为止,就要用介词 before。
例如:卖方须在 7 月 15 日前将货交给买方。 The vendor shall deliver the goods to the vendee by July 15.(or: before July 16,说明含 7 月 15 日在内。如果不含 7 月 15 日,就译为 by July 14 或者 before July 15。
只能用于过去时,放在表示“时间段”的词语之后,表示从现在算起的一段时间之前,如:
His father died five years ago.
(他的父亲5年前去世了。)
re后接“时间点”,可用于任何时态,如:
She got to his office before 5 o’clock.
(她5点钟以前就到了办公室。)
We hope to get home before six o’clock .
(我们希望6点钟前回到家。)
注意:
(1)before单独使用,常与现在完成时连用,也可与一般过去时连用,如:
I have never met him before.
(我以前从未见过他。)
I never met him before.
(我从未见过他。)
(2)before也可放在表“时间段”的词语后,与过去完成时连用,表示从过去某时刻算起的若干时间以前,如:
在历年的高考中,状语从句是单项填空部分的热点和重点。同时,由于状语从句的种类繁多,因此也是高中英语教学的难点。纵观近几年的全国高考试题,考查的重点仍是考生容易混淆的近似连词的用法,试题结构趋向复杂,设问的角度也趋向多样化。
1、做状语从句题目时一定要思维清晰。关键是要把握分句间的逻辑关系,做出正确的选择。
2、要具备相应的状语从句的知识,熟悉连接词的意义和语用特征。如as, since, when, before, while 等不易掌握的词。
对于状语从句考点来说,辨析从句的连接词是考查得最多的知识点。作好这类题目的关键是要熟练掌握各个连接词或短语的具体含义,尤其是同一个词用于不同语境,不同类型状语从句中的具体意义。
考点1:when引导的状语从句
【例题1】(05-上海-34)He transplanted the little tree to the garden ______ it was the best time for it.
e l
【例题2】(05-福建-24)---Did Jack come back early last night ?
---Yes. It was not yet eight o'clock ______ he arrived home.
re l
【例题3】(06-湖南-31)I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ______ I heard the steps.
e e r
【例题4】(06-山东-31)How can you expect to learn anything ______ you never listen ?
case if ss
【例题5】(06-辽宁-24)He was about halfway through his meal ______ a familiar voice came to his ears.
e
e
【例题1】(05-上海-34)考查特殊意思 此处when=since; considering that 既然;考虑到。句意:考虑到这是移种小树的最好时机, 他把那棵小树移植到了花园。
【例题2】(05-福建-24)考查基本意思 句意:当他到家时还不到八点。注意下面几句话:
It is five years since he left school. 他毕业5年了。
It was five years ago that he left school. (强调句型) 5年前他毕业了。
It was five o'clock when he left home. 当他离开家时是5点钟。
It was five years before he left school. 5年后他才毕业。
同学们在做题时要注意不同的连接词在类似结构中,句意完全不同。
【例题3】(06-湖南-31)句意:我刚走出浴室, 正忙着用毛巾擦身体, 就在这时我听到了脚步声。when此时用作并列连词,意思是“正在此时、正在那时”。
【例题4】(06-山东-31)考查特殊意思 句意:既然你从来不听,又怎能指望学到东西呢?when: conj. considering that 既然,考虑到。再比如:Why do you want a new job ______ you've got such a good one already? A 选项 in case (万一、以防);B选项even if(即使);C选项unless(除非,如果不),不符合本题要求。
【例题5】(06-辽宁-24)题干的意思是“饭刚刚吃到一半的时候,______他听到一个熟悉的声音。when此时用作并列连词,意为just at that time,when此意义常见句式:be about to do …when…/be on the point of doing…when…(正要做某事就在这时)/ be doing…when …(正在做某事就在这时)
考点小结---when 的用法
1、当……时候参看【例题2】解析
2、since; considering that 既然;考虑到,参见【例题1】&【例题4】
3、并列连词,意为at that time, 参看【例题3】&【例题5】解析
4、句型:when it comes to …要是提到,要是提及…eg. When it comes to tennis, I know nothing about it.
考点2:while引导的状语从句
【例题1】(06-全国I-13)We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, ______, in fact, there were 40.
e her h
【例题2】(06-天津-2)The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, ______ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.
e e
【例题3】(07-四川-29)I'd like to study law at university ________ my cousin prefers geography.
gh e
【例题4】(06济南2月模考) ______ your opinions are worth considering, the president finds it unwise to place too much importance on them.
e e
【例题5】(07湖南师大附中检测)______ there are many different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal.
e
【例题6】(07沈阳质检)---Is there any place where we can listen to some music?
---There is a teahouse where you can enjoy classical music, ______ having some Chinese tea or other soft drinks.
e ss e
【例题7】(07-山东-29)______ I really don't like art, I find his work impressive.
e e
【例题1】(06-全国I-13)句意:我们原以为在餐厅里只有35名学生,然而实际上却有40人。此题主要考查while并列连词的用法,表示对比或转折,意为:而,然而,其中in fact 是关键词。
【例题2】(06-天津-2)题干中有两个明显的信息点,即“lowest”和“highest”, 可判断两个分句之间属转折关系,比较可知,只有while可表示“而,然而”。
【例题3】while用法同上。
【例题4】(06济南2月模考) while引导让步状语从句,相当于although 尽管
【例题5】(07湖南师大附中检测)同上
【例题6】(07沈阳质检)考查while的基本用法: during the time that;at the same time as … 在…期间;与…同时
【例题7】(07-山东-29)while引导让步状语从句,although 尽管
考点小结——while 的用法
1、 在…期间;与…同时 ,考查基本意思 【例题6】
2、并列连词表示对比或转折,意为:而,然而【例题1】、【例题2】&【例题3】
3、while引导让步状语从句,相当于although 尽管【例题4】、【例题5】&【例题7】
4、引导条件状语从句,while: as long as 只要 eg. You will succeed sooner or later while you don't lose heart. 只要你不失去信心, 你迟早会成功。
考点3:before引导的状语从句
【例题1】(07-江西-29)He was told that it would be at least three more months ___he could recover and return to work.
re e
【例题2】(06-四川-35)---Why didn't you tell him about the meeting?
---He rushed out of the room ______ I could say a word.
re l r
【例题3】(05-广东-30)The American Civil War lasted four years ______ the North won in the end.
r re
【例题4】(03-北京-30)He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ______ it got worse.
l re
【例题5】(06-合肥第二次质检)I had not believed in falling in love with somebody at first sight ______ I met David on Valentine's Day three years ago.
ss re
【例题1】(07-江西-29) 题干中at least three more months 是一段时间,时间段+before…表示“过了多久……才……;要过多久…… 就……”句意为“他被告知至少将在三个多月后他就能康复并重新工作” 。
【例题2】(06-四川-35)句意:----为什么不告诉他会议的事?----我还没有来得及说一句话, 他就冲出了房间。before:在此题中的意义是“不到……就;还没有……就”
【例题3】(05-广东-30)句意:“美国南北战争持续了四年,北方才最终取得胜利。”before用法同【例题1】(07-江西-29)
【例题4】(03-北京-30)句意:他犯了一个错误,但后来他就及时扭转了形势以免它更加恶化。before:在此题中的意义是“以免,免得”
【例题5】(06-合肥第二次质检)此题考查before的基本意义:“在……之前,在……以前”
考点小结——before 的用法
1、在……之前,在……以前 ,考查基本意思 (参看【例题5】解析)
2、时间段+before…表示“过了多久……才……;要过多久…… 就…… ”
参看【例题1】&【例题3】解析
拓展:这个结构通常也用于下面的句子:
1)It won't be long before …/ It wasn't long before…示“不久就……”
eg. I hope it won't be long before we meet again.
=I hope we'll meet again before long. 希望不久我们会再相见。(注意long before与before long的区别)
2)had not done… before… 表示“还没…… 就……”
eg. I had not gone a mile before I felt tired. 我还没走上一英里就疲倦了。
3)eg. It was 3 years before he passed the driving test. 过了三年他才通过驾照考试。
It is 3 years since he passed the driving test. 他通过驾照考试三年了。以上两句话要区别主从复合句的时态和两句话的不同含义。
3、还未、不到……就;还没有……就 ,参看【例题2】解析
4、以免,免得 参看【例题4】解析 eg. Put down the telephone number before you forget it. 把电话号码记下来,免得忘了。(不能译成:“在你忘记之前,把电话号码记下来。”)
以上是对几个重点连词的小结,解题时可观察前后句的关系而定,或把选项一一套入原题,看哪个读着通顺,逻辑清楚,哪个就是正确答案,也就是说,一定要遵循“意思先行”原则。
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1.下列各句中,括号内的词语使用恰当的一项是( )
A.对鲁辉的瞎掺和,大家[分外]不高兴。于是,原来热热闹闹的聚会一下子变得冷冷清清。
B.一个企业要摆脱困境,就必须在激烈的市场竞争中大胆改革,勇于创新,克服[举棋不定]的保守思想。
C.洪水冲垮了李老伯的房子,全村人都很难过,村前村后,[哀鸿遍野]。
D.俗语说,[一个巴掌拍不响],以黎问题闹成今天这样的局面,主要的责任是黎巴嫩真主党,但以色列也有责任。
2.下列各句中,没有语病的一句是( )
A.商场保安员的职责是保护商场的货物安全和环境安全,不是执法机构,擅自打人和搜身行为属于执行公务过程中侵害他人权利的行为。
B.以色列军方负责人22日称,以色列已向黎边境派遣了数百辆坦克、装甲车和军用车辆。
C.如今的手机不再是通讯工具,而成为人们日常生活的贴身伴侣,用来尽情表现个人品位。
D.巴西队的小罗纳尔多,这个名字对一般人可能还有些陌生,可对球迷来说却是再熟悉不过了。
3.____ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.
4、- Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I can’t find a repair shop.
- I know _______ nearby. Come on, I’ll show you.
A. one B. it C. some D. that
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before的用法