雅思聽力陷阱 關鍵詞後置
常見關鍵詞後置分四種情況，分別爲：前置定語，後置定語，主謂賓與從句。
1. 前置定語結構
前置定語在考題中出現的形式爲“n. ______” 和 “adj. _______”, 即在填空前出現名詞或形容詞的關鍵詞。
在錄音中則經常通過修辭結構和句子結構的改變，將關鍵詞後置。
例1：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 3 Question 21
--Read IT ___________.
錄音：look through catalogues specialised in IT.
解析：通過修辭結構的改變，把名詞前置定語變成分詞後置定語，完成關鍵詞後置。
例2：Cambridge 5 Test 3 Section 3 Question 30
--Excellent ___________.
錄音：F: OK, any other comments?
M: I thought student support was excellent.
解析：通過句子結構的改變，完成關鍵詞後置。
例3：Cambridge 6 Test 1 Section 3 Question 24
--Reduced ___________ for students.
錄音：students pay an annual fee that’s much less than the general public pay.
解析：通過修辭結構的改變，把形容詞前置定語變成從句後置定語，完成關鍵詞後置，同時伴隨reduced的同意轉換。
2. 後置定語結構
後置定語在考題中出現的形式爲“n. prep. ______” 和 “n. p. _______”, 即在填空前出現關鍵詞如“名詞-介詞(如of, for, about, in, on, etc.)”或“名詞-分詞”。
在錄音中則經常通過修辭結構和句子結構的改變，將名詞關鍵詞後置。
例1：Cambridge 6 Test 4 Section 2 Question 15
--Will explain about arrangement for ______________ and fire exits.
錄音：He will also go through the security arrangement with you and show you the fire exits.
解析：通過修辭結構的改變，把介詞短語後置定語變成名詞前置定語，完成關鍵詞後置。
例2：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 3 Question 22
--Spoken to Jane Prince
Head of the _____________.
錄音：F: Jane Prince, do you know her? She’s in the Computer Centre.
M: Yes, of course, she is the new head.
解析：通過句子結構的改變，完成關鍵詞後置。
例3： Cambridge 6 Test 1 Section 4 Question 32
--New technology allowed the production of goods made of ________ and ________
錄音：The technology they introduced meant that metal and leather goods were produced there for the first time.
解析：通過修辭結構的改變，把分詞後置定語變成名詞前置定語，完成關鍵詞後置。
小結：
1和2類關鍵詞後置通常出現於Section2-4的大表格填空中。
考生須要在讀題時事先判斷易出現關鍵詞後置的題目，並且對答案進行預測;而後在聽題時利用預測捕捉答案，後置的關鍵詞起確認答案的作用。
因此在平時的學習中要熟悉聽力題目中常見的容易出現關鍵詞後置的結構，培養視覺敏感度;並且熟練掌握語法上定語結構的轉換。
3. 主謂賓結構
主謂賓在考題中出現的形式爲“subj. pred. __________”, 即在填空前出現名詞(主語)和動詞(謂語)的關鍵詞。
在錄音中則經常通過主語和賓語位置的調換，以及謂語主動被動之間的轉換，或者其它句式變化，將名詞關鍵詞後置。
例1：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 2 Question 11 & 12
--Local services depart from _____________ railway station.
--National services depart from _____________ railway station.
錄音：F: We’ve got two main train stations in the town. The King Street is for local commute lines and regional services.
M: What about trains to London? I’ll need to go there on business for one day.
F: Then you need to go to central station, that’s for all the national services.
解析：Q11通過主語賓語的位置調換，Q12通過句型轉換，完成關鍵詞後置。
例2：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 2 Question 14
--The price of a first class ticket includes ____________.
錄音：There’s a buffet car, though refreshments are included in the cost of a first class ticket.
解析：通過主語賓語的位置調換，完成關鍵詞後置，伴隨price-cost的同意轉換。
例3：Cambridge 6 Test 2 Section 4 Question 38
--The first motion picture was called The__________________.
錄音：So now, there was a real possibility of having films of more than two or three minutes, and this lead to the making of The Great Train Robbery, the very first movie made.
解析：通過句型轉換，完成關鍵詞後置，伴隨motion picture-movie的同意轉換。
4. 從句結構
從句在考題中出現的形式爲“……. conj. ________”, 即在填空前出現從句連接詞(如when, where, because, as, if, etc.)。
在錄音中則通過調換連接詞前後分句的次序，將填空前的關鍵詞後置。
例1：Cambridge 5 Test 1 Section 4 Question 36 & 37
--Research indicates that many women only think about their financial future when a ________ occurs.
--It is best for women to start thinking about pensions when they are in their _______.
錄音：The research indicates that at present for women it takes a crisis to make them think about their future financial situation. But of course this is the very worst time for anyone to make any important decisions. Women today need to look ahead, think ahead, not wait until they’re under pressure. Even women in their early twenties, need to think about pensions for example.
解析：通過調換從句中兩個分句的位置，完成關鍵詞後置。
例2：Cambridge 6 Test 4 Section 4 Question 40
--In ancient India a man would fight a lion as a test of _____________.
錄音：In ancient India, one of the greatest tests of leadership for a man was to fight a lion.
解析：通過調換從句中兩個分句的位置，完成關鍵詞後置。
3和4類關鍵詞後置通常出現於Section2-4的句子填空中。
雅思考生須要在讀題時事先判斷易出現關鍵詞後置的題目，並且對答案進行預測;而後在聽題時利用預測捕捉答案，後置的關鍵詞起確認答案的作用。
因此在平時的雅思學習中要熟悉聽力題目中常見的容易出現關鍵詞後置的結構，培養視覺敏感度;並且熟練掌握語法上主謂賓結構和從句結構的轉換。以適應雅思聽力中題目的靈活變幻。
