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2022初三英語上冊知識點

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2022初三英語上冊知識點有哪些你知道嗎?學習英語可以幫助我們在學習語言的知識,同時擴大知識面,可以把握時代的脈搏,提高自己的個人素質。一起來看看2022初三英語上冊知識點,歡迎查閱!

2022初三英語上冊知識點

初三英語上冊知識點歸納

I. 重點短語

1. at the moment

2. used to

3. for a while

4. walk away with sth.

5. leave for some place

6. sooner or later

7. pay for

8. come up with an idea

9. think of

10. have a try

11. all over the world

12. be famous for

13. large numbers of

14. all the year round

15. no matter what

16. give up

17. for example

18. by the way

19. on business

20. so far

21. come true

22. set off

23. slow down

24. go on doing

25. wait for

26. be proud of

27. be afraid of

28. speak highly of

29. a year and a half

30. half a year

31. pick up

32. as soon as

33. keep… clean

34. take care of

35. cut down

36. make a contribution to

37. base on

38. make sure

39. take away

40. begin with

41. right now

42. as soon as possible

43. leave a message

44. all kinds of things

45. walk around

46. fall asleep

47. wake up

48. go on a trip

49. have a good time

50. take photos

51. come out

52. come on

53. have a family meeting

54. talk about

55. go for a holiday

56 go scuba diving

57. write down

58. by oneself

59. walk along

60. get a chance to do sth

61. have a wonderful time

62. book a room

63. have an accident

64. be interested in

65. use sth. to do sth.

66. make a TV show

67. be amazed at

68. take part in

69. feed on

70. get out of

II. 重要句型

1. Why don’t you do sth.?

2. make sb. Happy

3. borrow sth. from sb.

4. forget to do sth.

5. pay fro sth.

6. return sth. To sb.

7. learn sth. from sb.

8. be famous for sth.

9. No matter what…

10. be with sb.

11. go on doing sth.

12. speak highly of sb.

13. keep doing sth.

14. allow sb. To do sth.

15. encourage sb. to do sth. 16. It is said that…

III. 交際用語

1. --- Excuse me, have you got …?

--- Yes, I have. (Sorry, I haven’t.)

2. --- Why don’t you …?

--- Thanks, I will.

3. --- Thanks a lot. (Thank you very much.)

--- You are welcome.

4. --- Have you ever done…?

--- Yes, I have, once. (No, never.)

5. --- I’ve just done…

--- Really?

6. ---What’s …like ?

7. --- How long have you been…?

--- Since…

8. --- Have you ever been to…?

--- I’ve never been there. (None of us has./ Only …has. )

9. --- Would you like to have a try?

--- I don’t think I can…

10. --- What have you done since…?

11. --- How long have you been at this …?

--- For…

12. --- How long has she/ he worked there…?

--- She’s / He’s worked there for… / all her / his life.

13. --- I’m sorry he isn’t here right now.

14. --- May I help you?

15. --- That’s very kind of you.

16. ---Could we go scuba diving?

17. --- Could you tell us how long we’re going to be away?

18. --- Let’s try to find some information about it, OK?

19. --- Could you please tell me how to search the Internet?

20. --- Go straight along here.

21. ---Please go to Gate 12.

22. --- Please come this way.

23. --- Could you tell me what you think about Hainan Island?

24. --- That sounds really cool!

IV. 重要語法

1. 賓語從句

2. 現在完成時

3. 一般過去時與現在完成時的用法比較:

【名師講解】

1. Maybe/ may be

(1) maybe是副詞,意思是“大概,也許”,常用作狀語。

Maybe you put it in your bag.也許你把它放在包裏了。

“Will he come tomorrow?”“Maybe not.” “他明天來嗎?”“也許不”。

(2) may be相當於是情態動詞may與be動詞搭配一起作謂語,意思是“也許是…,可能是…”。

It may be 9:00 when they arrive.他們可能於九點到達。

The man may be a lawyer. 那人也許是律師。

2. borrow/ lend/ keep/ use

(1) borrow表示的是從別人那裏借來東西,即我們通常所說的“借進來”。

We often borrow books from our school library.我們經常從學校圖書館借書。

I borrowed this dictionary from my teacher. 我從老師那兒借來了這本字典。

borrow是一個瞬間完成的動作,因此不能與時間段連用。

You can borrow my recorder for three days. ( 錯誤 )

I have borrowed this book for only one week. ( 錯誤 )

(2) lend表示的是把自己的東西借給別人,即我們通常所說的“借出去”。

Thank you for lending me your bike.謝謝你把自行車借給我。

He often lends money to his brother.他經常借錢給他弟弟。

lend與borrow一樣,也是一個瞬間完成的 動作,不能與一段時間連用。

(3) keep的意思也是“借”,但一般是指借來後的保存或使用階段,是一段持續的時間,因此可以與時

間段連用。

You can keep my recorder for three days.我的錄音機你可以借用三天。

I have kept this book for only one week.這本書我纔剛借了一星期。

(4) use也可以當“借用”講,但它的本意是“用,使用”。

May I use your ruler? 我能借你的尺子用一下嗎?

He had to use this public telephone.他不得不使用這部公用電話。

3. leave/ leave for

(1) leave意思是“離開,留下”。

We left Shanghai two years ago.我們兩年前離開了上海。

He left his cell phone in the taxi last week.他上週把手機落在出租車裏了。

(2) leave for意思是“前往”,表示要去的目的地。

We will leave for Tibet next month.我們將於下月去西藏。

The train is leaving for Moscow.這趟火車即將開往莫斯科。

4. since/ for

(1) since用於完成時態,既能用作介詞,也能用作連詞,後常接時間點,意思是“自從”。

He has been a worker since he came into this city.

自從他來到這個城市,他就是工人了。

I have never seen him since we last met in Shanghai .

自從我們上次在上海見過之後,我再也沒見過他。

since作連詞,還有“既然”的意思。

Since you are interested in it, just do it. 既然你對它感興趣,那就做吧。

You can have fun now since you’ve finished your work.

既然你已經做完了功課,就開心玩會兒吧。

(2) for用於完成時,用作介詞,後常接一段時間,意思是“經過…”。

I have learned English for five years.我已經學了五年英語了。

They have waited for you for 30 minutes.他們已經等了你三十分鐘了。

for也可以用作連詞,但意思是“因爲”。

They missed the flight for they were late.他們由於完到了而誤了航班。

He fell ill for many reasons.他由於多種原因病倒了。

9. except/ besides

(1) except是指不包括後面所提人或物在內的“除了”,可以理解爲“撇開…不談”,表示兩部分的不同。

Everyone is excited except me.

除我以外的每個人都很激動。(他們激動,而我卻不激動)

All the visitors are Japanese except him.

除他以外的所有遊客都是日本人。(其他人是日本人,可他不是)

(2)besides是包括後面所提人或物在內的“除了”,可以理解爲“除之外…還、除之外…又”,表示兩部分的相似性。

Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.

除他以外,還有25個學生去看了電影。(他和另外25人都去了)

We like biology besides English.

除了英語外,我們還喜歡生物。(生物和英語都喜歡)

besides還可用作副詞,意思是“此外;而且”,常用於句首或句尾。

He is a great thinker, and besides, he is a politician.

他是一名偉大的思想家,除此以外,他還是一位政治家。

They encouraged me, and they supported me with money, besides.

他們不僅鼓勵我,而且與我以金錢上的支持。

10. keep doing/ keep on doing

(1) keep doing指的是連續地、堅持不斷地做某事,中間不間斷。

It kept blowing for a whole day.颳了一整天風了。

The temperature keeps dropping.溫度持續下降。

(2) keep on doing是指反覆堅持做某事,但動作之間略有間隔。

They have kept on writing to each other for many years.他們已經互相通信多年了。

After drinking some water, he kept on talking.喝了一些水後,他堅持講話。

11. seem/ look

(1) seem一般着重於以客觀跡象爲依據,意思是“似乎、好象、看起來…”。

The baby seems to be happy.嬰兒看上去似乎很高興。

He seemed to be sorry for that.他似乎爲那件事感到抱歉。

seem能與to do結構連用,而look不能。

It seems to rain. 似乎要下雨了。

They seemed to have finished their work.他們似乎已經完成了工作。

在it作形式主語的句型中只能用seem。

It seems that he is quite busy now.他現在看起來很忙。

It seems to us that there is nothing serious.在我看來沒什麼大不了的。

(2) look用作“看起來;好像”時,常從物體的外觀或樣貌上來判斷,是以視覺所接受的印象爲依據的。

The room looks clean.這間房看起來很乾淨。

The girl looks like her mother.那女孩看起來向她的媽媽。

12. such/ so

(1)such常用作形容詞,用來修飾名詞

Don’t be such a fool.別這麼傻。

He is such a clever boy.他是如此聰明的一個男孩。

(2) so是副詞,用來修飾形容詞或副詞。

He is so kind! 他真好心!

Why did you come so late? 你爲何回來得如此晚?

當名詞前有many, much, few, little等表示多、少時,應該用so。

He has so many friends.他有如此多的朋友。

Only so little time is left! 才剩這麼一點兒時間!

13. either/ too/ also

(1)either用作“也”時是副詞,常用於否定句句尾。

She is not a Japanese, I’m not, either.她不是日本人,我也不是。

My sister doesn’t like this song, either.我妹妹也不喜歡這首歌。

(2)too常用於肯定句或疑問句尾,表示“也”。

He likes China, too.他也喜歡中國。

Are you in Grade 3, too? 你也在三年級嗎?

(3)also也常用於肯定句或疑問句,但一般位於句中。

We are also students.我們也是學生。

He also went there on foot.他也是走着去的。

Did you also want to have a look? 你也想看看嗎?

【考點掃描】

中考考點在本單元主要集中在:

1. 賓語從句的時態和語序;

2. 一般過去時和過去完成時的用法區別;

3. 本單元學過的詞彙、短語和句型;

4. 本單元學習的日常交際用語。

考試形式可以是單項填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。

【中考範例】

1. (2004年北京市海淀區中考試題)

---Do you know ________________?

---Only ten months old.

A. when does Tiger Woods start golfing

B. when did Tiger Woods start golfing

C. when Tiger Woods starts golfing

D. when Tiger Woods started golfing

【解析】答案:D。該題考查的是賓語從句的時態和語序。這個賓語從句的時態應用一般過去時,應爲這裏說的是過去的事情。語序應用陳述句的語序,所以正確答案是:when Tiger Woods started golfing。

2. (2004年北京市海淀區中考試題)

I’m interested in animals, so I _____________ every Saturday working in ananimal hospital.

A. pay B. get C. take D. spend

【解析】答案:D。該題考查的是pay, get, take和spend這四個動詞的用法區別。只有動詞spend可以用在sb. spends timedoing sth. 這個句型裏,所以正確答案影視spend。

3. (2004年天津市中考試題)

Could I ________ your telephone? I have something important to tell myparents.

A. keep B. borrow C. use D. lend

【解析】答案:C。該題考查的是keep, borrow,use和lend四個動詞的用法區別。keep的真正含義是“保留”,borrow的含義是“借入”,lend的含義是“借出”,只有use的含義是“使用”。在這個句子裏實際上是“使用”的意思,所以應選use。

4. (2004年鄂州市中考試題)

---Hi, Ann. Where’s your brother? I need his help.

---He left home two weeks ago and _____away ever since.

A. is B. was C. has been D. had been

【解析】答案:C。該題考查的是動詞時態的用法區別。一般現在時表示經常發生的動作或現在所處的狀態;一般過去時表示過去的動作或過去所處的狀態;過去完成時表示過去的動作或過去的時間以前發生的事情;現在完成時表示動作或狀態從過去某一時間開始一直延續到現在或剛剛結束。這裏只能用現在完成時。

初三上冊英語知識點

一. 定義:

由to+動詞原形構成。不定式是一種非限定性動詞。而非限定動詞是指那些在句中不能單獨充當謂語的動詞,可分爲不定式,動名詞,現在分詞和過去分詞。“動詞不定式”由動詞+不定式構成。動詞不定式在句中可以作句子除謂語之外的任何句子成分。動詞不定式的被動形式除了一般形式外還有其完成式和進行式。

二. 動詞不定式的構成:to+動詞原形

(1)作主語

動詞不定式作主語時,句子的謂語動詞常用單數,其位置有以下兩種: (1)把不定式置於句首。

如:To get there by bike will take us half an hour.

(2)用it作形式主語,把真正的主語不定式置於句後,常用於下列句式中。

如:

It+be+名詞+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old.

It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish thework?

It+be+形容詞+for sb+to do It is difficult for us to finish writing thecomposition in a quarter of an hour.

It+be+形容詞+of sb+to do It is stupid of you to write down everything (that)the teacher says.

It seems(appears)+形容詞+to do It seemed impossible to save money.

在句型中,常用表示客觀情況的形容詞,如:difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary等;

在句型中,常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等表示讚揚或批評的詞。

在不定式前的sb,可看作其邏輯主語。這一句式有時相當於Sb is+形容詞+to do句式 ,如:It's kind of you to help mewith my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.

(3)舉例

(1) It's easy (for me) to do that.我做這事太容易了

easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;

the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, notenough

1、It's so nice to hear your voice.

聽到你的聲音真高興。

2、It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.

當你不用車的時候,鎖車是有必要的。

(2) It's very kind of him to help us. 他幫助我們,他真好。

Kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考慮周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)

例句:

1、It was silly of us to believe him. 我們真愚蠢,竟然相信了他。

2、It seemed selfish of him not to give themanything. 他不給他們任何東西,這顯得太自私了。

注意:

(1) 其他系動詞如,look,appear等也可用於此句型

(2) 不定式作爲句子成分時,動詞用單數形式。

(3) 當不定式作主語的句子中又有一個不定式作表語時,不能用It is… to…的句型

(對)To see is to believe. 眼見爲實。

(錯)It is to believe to see.

三. 動詞不定式作賓語

後面能接不定式作賓語的動詞有:agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish,would like等。

1、We hope to get there before dark. 我們希望天黑以前到那兒。

2、The man decided to do it herself. 那個男人決定自己做那件事。

動詞不定式作賓語的注意事項(2點)

1. 有些動詞既可跟不定式作賓語,也可跟動名詞作賓語,但含義不同:

remember to do 記住要做某事

remember doing 記得曾經做過某事

forget to do忘記要做某事

forget doing 忘記曾經做過某事

stop to do 停下來去做某事

stop doing 停止做某事

go on to do 繼續做另一件事

go on doing 繼續做原來在做的事

2. 不定式作賓語時,如帶有賓語補足語,則要把不定式放到後面,用it作形式賓語,構成“主語+動詞+it+賓補(形容詞、名詞)+不定式”結構。

如:He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他發現很難入睡。

四. 動詞不定式作賓語補足語

1. 後面能接to不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有:ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。

The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老師要我們做練習一。

I want both of you to go. 我要你們倆去。

We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我們幫助她修理自行車。

2. 使役動詞let, have, make及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear,feel等要以不帶to的不定式作賓補。

Let’s have a rest. 我們休息一會吧。

I saw him come in. 我看見他進來了。

感官動詞後既可跟不帶to的不定式作賓補,也可跟v-ing作賓補,前者表示動作的全部過程已結束;後者表示動作正在進行。

I saw him come downstairs.我看見他下了樓。(說明他下樓了這件事)

I saw him coming downstairs.我看見他在下樓。(說明他下樓時的情景)

五. 動詞不定式作狀語

Later he left home to work in different cities. 不久他離開家到不同的城市工作。

He went to see a football match. 他去看足球比賽了。

In order to catch the other students, I must work hard.

爲了趕上其他同學,我必須努力學習。

六. 動詞不定式作定語

不定式作定語一般放在所修飾的詞的後面。

I need something to eat.

Do you have something to read?

Tom was so excited that he had no word to say.

He is really a fool only to eat.

The man to stand here just now is our English teacher.

The doctor had no way to save the patient.

注意:

(1)作定語的不定式是由及物動詞組成,被修飾的名詞或代詞與不定式之間存在方位或方式關係需要有介詞。

I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一間住房。(方位關係)

We have many things to do experiments with.

我們有許多做實驗的東西(方式關係)

(2)作定語的不定式是由“be + adj + prep”構成的動詞短語。

Here there isn’t any book for me to be interested in.

We have done many things to proud of. 我們做了許多引以自豪的事。

七. 動詞不定式作主語

To give is better than to receive.

To reach there on foot is impossible.

動詞不定式作主語時,可以用it 代替,把實際主語不定式放在後面。

It’s better to give than to receive.

It’s impossible to reach there on foot.

It’s + adj + for sb. to do sth.

It’s not difficult for me to study English well.

It’s easy for him to work out this math problem.

在這個句型中,如果形容詞與不定式的邏輯主語關係密切,並且形容詞用來說明邏輯主語的性質、品質、特點等,由of引出邏輯主語。這類形容詞主要有nice,kind, good, wrong, right等。

八. 動詞不定式和疑問詞連用

動詞不定式可以和疑問詞what, which, how, where, when連用,構成不定式短語,可以作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語等。

How to do is still a question.

Have you decided when to leave?

九. 動詞不定式的否定形式

動詞不定式的否定式是在to前加not;不帶to的不定式則在動詞前加not. 如:

Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day. 張明要我不要整天呆在家裏。

My mother let me not do it by myself. 媽媽讓我不要獨自做這件事。

被動語態:

英語有兩種語態:主動語態和被動語態

主動語態(The Active Voice)表示主語是動作的執行者。

被動語態(The Passive Voice)表示主語是動作的承受者。

構成:承受者+助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者

一般現在時:承受者+助動詞am / is/are +及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者

一般過去時:承受者+助動詞was / were +及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者

承受者+助動詞shall / will be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者

承受者+助動詞 have/ has been+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者

承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物動詞的過去分詞+by+執行者

被動語態用法:

1)當我們不知道動作的執行者是誰,或者沒有必要指出動作的執行者時,需用被動語態。

2)當我們需要強調動作的承受者時,常用被動語態。

3)如果需要說出動作的執行者, 用by引導出動作的執行者。

主動語態變爲被動語態時,其謂語動詞的時態要與原句時態保持一致,其謂語動詞的數要與新主語保持一致。

主動語態變爲被動語態時有以下幾種情況:

1)主語+謂語動詞+賓語

將主動語態的賓語變爲被動語態的主語。

(主動)We bought a book yesterday.

(被動)The book was bought yesterday.

2)主語+謂語動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語

將主動語態中一個賓語變爲被動語態的主語。多數情況下將間接賓語變爲主語。如果直接賓語變爲主語時,間接賓語前要加介詞to / for。

(主動)He showed me a book yesterday.

(被動)I was showed a book yesterday.

(被動)The book was showed to me yesterday.

3)主語+謂語動詞+複合賓語

含有一個由賓語加賓語補足語構成的複合賓語,變爲被動語態時,將主動語態的賓語變爲被動語態的主語,賓語補足語保留不變,成爲主語補足語。

(主動)I found him a good pupil. (賓語補足語)

(被動)He was found a good pupil. (主語補足語)

4)短語動詞變爲被動語態

有些短語動詞相當於一個及物動詞,其後可以接賓語,因此它們也有被動語態,但短語動詞是不可分割的整體,變爲被動語態時不可去掉其後面的介詞或副詞。

(主動)We should look after the patients very well.

(被動)The patients should be looked after very well by us.

5)賓語從句變爲被動語態

若主動語態中是賓語從句,變爲被動語態時常用it作形式主語,而把真正的主語放在後面。

It’s said that he passed the exam.

被動語態應注意的幾個特殊問題:

(1)不及物動詞帶介詞和介詞賓語,在變爲被動語態時,仍然要帶上介詞。

(主動)The students in class listen to the teacher carefully.

(被動)The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.

(2)當動詞帶有複合賓語時,並且賓補是省去“to”的動詞不定式時,在被動語態中應加上“to”。

(主動)They make do all the work.

(被動)We were made to do all the work.

(主動)We often hear her sing English songs.

(被動)She is often heard to sing English songs.

(主動)I see him walk to school.

(被動)He is seen to walk to school.

初中英語怎麼學才能提高

1、背誦單詞、搭配。

單詞是英語的一大基礎,單詞不過關,就別想學好英語了。常常看到有學生一個字母一個字母背背一個單詞,或者在紙上把這個單詞抄10遍。這樣做即便記住了單詞,也只是這一時,考試就忘了。而且,這種做法也只能記住幾十個單詞,單詞多的話就不管用了。最好用的方法就是通過音標記單詞,每個字母的發音其實就幾種,只要熟練音標和字母在單詞中常見的發音,那麼當聽到一個單詞,基本上就能拼寫下這個單詞。即便是沒有學過的單詞,也能根據音標寫個大概的模樣。而至於要保證寫對,海博老師建議,可以把每個單詞做個小卡片,睡前翻一遍,連續幾天就能掌握這些單詞了。至於搭配,最好的辦法就是放到句子裏。比如說動詞搭配,只要造一個簡單的句子,多讀幾遍,就能記住了。英語中的一些搭配,其實就是一些不成文的規定。簡單來說,就是固定出現,固定這麼用,千萬別去鑽牛角尖。

2、背誦作文範例和典型句式。

找一些優秀的範文背誦,這一點相信每個學生都會做。但是,背誦範文,不是背誦內容,而是要了解句型和行文思路。所以,建議對每一篇作文都畫一個流程圖,瞭解思路,然後在流程圖中,標明作文中用到比較好的句型,然後在自己寫作的時候,嘗試用上這些句型。但是,一定要充分了解這些句型的用法和意思,千萬不要生搬硬套。

3、科學的學習方法。

首先是,勞逸結合。學習是一件費精力的事情,並不是花的時間越多越好,而是要學會恰當的放鬆與學習。你可以利用早上的時間學習英語、然後間接性休息,再學習其他的學科知識,交換着來,效果更好;

其次是,瞭解自己的弱項。每個人學習都會有不足的地方,所以,找到自己的初中英語語法弱項,針對性的練習與請教他人,才能更好的進步。

最後是,多動筆。俗話說:好記性不如爛筆頭。只要把學到的知識試着多去運用,按照考試的標準去造句寫文章,才能“下筆如有神”。

4、積極地英語學習心態。

學習是一件需要長久堅持的事情,不要三天打魚兩天曬網,然後還苦惱自己爲什麼一點效果都沒有。

首先要擺正心態,正確認識學習英語的兩面性。堅持學習並且善於運用,時間久了總是會有回報的。

然後,瞭解學習的枯燥但能夠勇敢面對。學習不是娛樂,但可以把學習當成娛樂,可以學會做能讓自己感興趣的事情與學英語相關聯,發現學英語的趣味性,學會放鬆自己,給自己減壓,多與朋友同學交流溝通、或與老師交流問題。