初中英語語法陳述句

就事物依照其實在情形陳述的句子叫做陳述句。接下來，小編給大家準備了初中英語語法陳述句,歡迎大家參考與借鑑。

初中英語語法陳述句

陳述句的句末必須使用句號(Full Stop)“.”，以示句子的陳述結束。

陳述句又分爲肯定的陳述句和否定的陳述句，簡稱爲肯定句和否定句。含否定詞的句子稱爲否定句(Negative2 Sentence)，不含否定詞的句子就稱爲肯定句(Affirmative Sentence)。例如：

Mr. Walker is an Englishman3.

(華克先生是英國人。——肯定句)

He is not an American.

(他不是美國人。——否定句)

簡單地說，表達事物的“Yes”這一面的句子就是肯定句，“No”的一面的就叫做否定句。傳統的英語入門都是先學肯定句，然後再學肯定句的反面，亦就是否定句。

否定句的表達方式基本上有下面的兩種。

(1)使用副詞否定詞“not”，例如：

(a)be，have爲主要動詞，例：

I am not a good swimmer4.

(我不是一個游泳的好手。)

He was5 not at home yesterday afternoon.

(昨天下午他不在家。)

I have not much money.

(我沒有很多錢。)

He has not many friend here.

(在這裏他沒有很多朋友。)

解說：“be/have +not”常縮短成一詞，尤其是日常談話更是如此。例如：

You aren't a friend of his, are you ?

(你不是他的朋友吧，是不是?)

He isn't my brother.

(他不是我的兄弟。)

I wasn't there at that time.

(當時我沒有在那兒。)

There weren't many people at the party yesterday.

(昨天沒有很多人蔘加宴會。)

“am +not”不是“amn't”，而是“aren't”或“ain't[eint]”，例如：

I ain't ready.

(我還沒準備好。)

I am very nice to you, aren't I?

(我對你很不錯，是不是?)

美國人用“ain't”很隨便，應該是“are not，is not，have not，has not”的地方，他們也會“ain't”一下就帶過去，宜注意。

下面例句是“have not，has not”的縮短形。例：

I haven't a headache.

(我沒有頭痛。)

(b)be，have爲助動詞

You aren't going6 to go to her birthday party, are you?

(你不打算參加她的生日宴會，是不是?)

It isn't raining outside.

(外面沒有在下雨。)

She wasn't asked to speak at the meeting7.

(她沒有被請求在會上講話。)

I haven't done anything wrong to her.

(他沒有做對不起她的事。)

He hasn't yet8 paid9 the money.

(他尚未付錢。)

be+ V -ing(進行時)，be +P.P.(過去分詞)(被動詞態)，have(has，had10)+P.P.(完成時)等的“be，have(has，had)”皆爲助動詞。例1的“be going to …”在學校文法中也常被視爲助動詞。

(c)“助動詞+V”時

動詞帶有助動詞“will，shall，can，may，must，need，dare，ought11 to，used to，had better”等時，將“not”置於助動詞與主要動詞之間。例如：

I will not do it again.

I won't do it again.

(我不願意再做這種事。)

The old man cannot find his way home.

(那個老人找不到回家的路。)

I couldn't sleep last night.

(昨夜我無法入睡。)

You ought not to swim in the river.

(你不應該在河裏游泳。)

You had better not tell her everything.

(你最好不要樣樣事情都告訴她。)

注：“can”的否定形式是“cannot / can't”，不可寫成“can not /cann't”。

(d)使用助動詞“do”的否定句

一般動詞的否定句通常使用助動詞“do”，句式如下：do(does, did12)+not + V(原形動詞)，例：

I don't know her very well.

(我並不很瞭解她。)

He doesn't like Chinese tea very much.

(他並不很喜歡中國茶。)

She didn't come to school this morning.

(今天早上她沒有來上學。)

Don't believe13 him.

(不要相信他的話。)

注：“have”表達“有”以外的意義時，其否定句通常使用助動詞“do”，例如：

Usually I don't have (=eat) breakfast on Sunday morning.

(通常星期天早上我不吃早餐。)

She doesn't have (=drink) coffee for breakfast.

(她不把咖啡充作早餐喝。)

We didn't have (=enjoy) a good time there yesterday.

(昨天我們在那裏玩得不愉快。)

不過美式英語“have”作“有”的意義使用時也如一般動詞使用助動詞“do”，例如：

I don't have brothers.

(我沒有兄弟。)

We didn't have time enough to finish the work.

(我們當時沒有足夠的時間完成那件工作。)

(2)使用“not”以外的否定詞：

(a)副詞：never，seldom14，hardly，little，neither等，例：

She never comes to school late.

(他上學從不遲到。)

She seldom comes to see me.

(她不常來看我。)

(b)形容詞：no，few15，little等，例：

I have no brothers.(=I don't have brothers.)

(我沒有兄弟。)

He has few friends in Hong Kong.

(他在香港幾乎沒有朋友。)

(c)代詞：nothing，nobody16，none等，例：

I know nothing about computer.

(對於電腦我一竅不通。)

I found17 nobody about computer.

(在那棟房子裏我沒看到任何人。)

注：

1.有些文法書認爲“Not +V”爲句子否定法，是否定句，而“no +n.或如nothing等”爲單詞否定法，不宜稱爲否定句。例如：

He doesn't have brother.(否定句)

He has no brothers.(單詞否定，但應視爲肯定句，因爲謂語動詞是肯定。)

請注意下面兩句的意義上的區別：

He doesn't have a breakfast.

He has not a breakfast.

(他不吃早餐。——否定句)

He has no breakfast.

(他沒有早餐可吃。——單詞否定，肯定句)

2.否定也可以借用前綴或後綴來表達，例如：

He is honest18.

(他是誠實的。)

He is dishonest19.(=He in not honest.)

(他不誠實。)

They have children.

(他們有小孩。)

They are childless.(=The don't have children.)

(他們沒有小孩。)

練習：

Ⅰ.請把下列各句改爲否定句。

is the best student in my class.

has a lot of stamps.

studies very hard this semester20.

21 broke22 the glass yesterday.

he write you a letter last week?

the window, Peter.

had a walk after dinner yesterday.

Ⅱ.請把下列各句改爲肯定句。

doesn't have to go to school today.

father doesn't go to his office by bus.

3.I didn't see him yesterday.

. Smith won't teach us next year.

need not do it today.

cannot run very last.

doesn't wash her clothes herself23.

　　擴展：初中英語基礎語法：詞類-感嘆詞感嘆詞(Interjection—int.)

定義：用以表達喜、怒、哀、樂等強烈情緒及招呼喊叫等的詞或詞組叫做感嘆詞。例如：

Ah!(啊!)

O(h)!(哦)!

Alas1!(哎呀!嗚呼哀哉!)

Dear me!(天哪!)

My God!(天哪!糟糕!)

Hello!(喂!哈羅!)

Hi!(嗨!)

Happy birthday!(祝你生日快樂!)

解說：感嘆詞是一個獨立的表意單位，與前後相接的從句(或句子)無修飾或從屬關係。感嘆詞須如上面各例所示使用感嘆號(亦稱驚歎號)“!”標示。