英語介詞學習常見錯誤

我們中學生們，平常又到錯題是怎麼做的呢?接下來，小編給大家準備了英語介詞學習常見錯誤,歡迎大家參考與借鑑。

[誤] We gotto the top of the mountain in daybreak.

[正] We got to the top of the mountain at day break.

[析] at用於具體時刻之前，如：sunrise， midday2， noon3， sunset4， midnight6， night.

[誤] Don’t sleep at daytime7

[正] Don’t sleep in daytime.

[析] in 要用於較長的一段時間之內，如：in the morning / afternoon， 或 in the week / month / year. 或 in spring / supper /autumn / winter等等。

[誤] We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon.

[正] We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon.

[析] in the morning， in the afternoon 如果在這兩個短語中加入任何修飾詞其前面的介詞都要改爲on， 如：on a cold morning， on the morning of July 14th

[誤] He became8 a writter at his twenties

[正] He became a writter in his twenties

[析]這句話應譯爲：他在20多歲時就成了作家。在某人的一段生活時間段中要用介詞in來表示，而在具體歲數時用at來表示。

[誤] He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old.

[正] He went to New York to find a job at sixteen.

[析] 在具體年歲前用at， 如：at the age of 12， at your age，等等。

[誤] We went to swim in the river in a very hot day.

[正] We went to swim in the river on a very hot day.

[析] 具體某一天要用介詞on， 又如：on New Year‘s Day

[誤] I’m looking forward10 to seeing you on Christmas.

[正] I’m looking for ward11 to seeing you at Christmas.

[析]在節日的當天用on，而全部節日期間用at，Christmas是聖誕節期間，一般要有兩週或更長的時間。

[誤] I haven’t see you during12 the summer holidays.

[正] I haven’t seen13 you since14 the beginning15 of the summer holidays.

[析] during表示在某一段時間之內，所以一般不與完成時搭配，如：I visited a lot of museums during the holiday. 而for表示一段時間，可以用於完成時，如：I haven‘t see you for a long time. 而through 用來表示時間時則爲“整整，全部的時間”。如：It rained through the night.而since則是表達主句動作的起始時間，一般要與完成時連用。

[誤] At entering16 the classroom， I heard the good news17.

[正] On entering the classroom， I heard the good news.

[析] On 加動名詞表示“一……就”。本句的譯文應是：我一進入教室就聽見這個好消息了。又如：on hearing… 一聽見， on arrival18 一到達就……(on表示動作的名詞)

[誤] In the beginning of the book， there are some interesting stories.

[正] At the beginning of the book， there are some interesting stories.

[析] at the begining與at the end都是指某事物的開始與結束部分，均不指時間範圍，而in the beginning 則是指開始一段時間。in the end=at last是指“最終，終於”之意。

[誤] Till20 the end of next week. I will have finished21 this work.

[正] By the end of next week. I will have finished this work.

[析] by 引起的時間狀語表示了動作的截止點，其意思爲“不遲於某一時刻將工作做完”，所以主句一般是完成時態。當然可以有將來時態，如：I‘ll be there by five o’clock.而till則表達其一動作一直持續到某一時刻，但句中的動詞一定要用持續性動詞，而瞬間的截止性動詞應用其否定句式，如：I won‘t finish this work till(until) next weekend.

[誤] He came9 to London before last weekend.

[正] He had22 come to London before last weekend.

[正] He came to London two weeks ago.

[析] before 一般要與完成時連用，而ago則與一般過去時連用。

[誤] I have studied English for three years gince I had come here.

[正] I have studied English for three years since I came here.

[析] since用來表達主句動作的開始時間，所以其引出的從句中應爲過去時，而不能用完成時態

[誤] I can help you repair24 this bike. You will get it after two hours.

[正] I can help you repair this bike. You will get it in two hours.

[析]中文經常講兩小時之後來取，兩天內會修好，而這個介詞在英文中要用in而不要用after.其原因有二，①after 多用於過去時，如：I arrived in New York. After three days， I found25 a job in the bank. ② after 加時間是表達一個不確定的時間範圍，如：after three days， 即三天之後的哪一天都可以。所以在許諾若干時間內會完成某事時，一定要用介詞in.

[誤] Three days after he died23.

[正] After three days he died.

[正] Three days later26 he died.

[析] after 與 later都可以用來表達一段時間之後，但它們所處的位置不同，after 在時間詞前，而later在時間詞後。

[誤] She hid27 herself28 after the tree.

[正] She hid herself behind the tree.

[析] after多用來表達某動作之後，所以有的語法書中稱它爲動態介詞，如：I run after him. After finishing my homework， I went to see a film. 而behind則多用於靜態事物之後。

[誤] There is a beautiful bird on the tree.

[正] There is a beautiful bird in the tree.

[析] 樹上長出的果實，樹葉要用on， 而其他外來的人、物體均要用in the tree.

[誤] Shanghai is on the east of China.

[正] Shanghai is in the east of China.

[析] 在表達地理位置時有3個介詞：in， on， to. in表示在某範圍之內; on表示與某地區接壤;to則表示不相接。如：Japan is to the east of China.

[誤] I arrived at New York on July 2nd.

[正] I arrived in New York on July 2nd.

[析] at用來表達較小的地方，而in用來表達較大的地方。at常用於at the school gate， at home， at a bus stop， at the station， at the cinema， at a small village.

[誤] He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road.

[正] He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road.

[析] 在門牌號碼前要用at， 並要注意它的慣用法：at the end of the street， at the foot of the mountain， at the top of the page.

[誤] There is a colour TV set5 at the corner of the hall.

[正] There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall.

[析] 在屋內的角落應用in，而牆的外角用at，如：There is a tree at the corner of the street.

[誤] This weekend I’ll stay in Uncle Wang’s.

[正] This weekend I’ll stay at Uncle Wang’s.

[析] 要注意英文的特殊表達法，如：at a tailor’s shop (裁縫店)=at a tailor’s， at the doctor’s (去看病) at the bookseller’s (在書店) at uncle Wang’s (在王叔叔家)

[誤] Do you know there is some good news on today’s newspaper?

[正] Do you know there is some good news in today’s newspaper?

[析] 在報紙上的新聞要用in， 而在具體某一版上，或某一頁上則要用on.

[誤] The school will begin on September 1st.

[正] School will begin on September 1st.

[析]這裏的school應看作不可數名詞泛指學校的課程，即開學之意。要注意，有些活動場所當表達正在從事該種活動時不要加冠詞，如：at table (吃飯)， When I came to Tom’s home， they were at table. 還有： at desk (學習)，at work (工作) at school (上學)， in hospital (住醫院) at church29 作禮拜如加上定冠詞則另有他意，如：at the school 即在學校工作或辦事，in the hospital 即在醫院工作或去看望病人。

[誤] In my way to the station， I bought a newspaper to kill30 time.

[正] On my way to the station， I bought a newspaper to kill time.

[析]譯文爲：在去車站的路上我買了份報紙，爲的是消磨時光“在……的路上”應用on one‘s way…。而 in the way 有擋道之意，如：Please move the chair it is in the way.

[誤] Look， the door is open， Maybe someone31 broke32 into.

[正] Look， the door is open， Maybe someone broke in.

[正] Look， the door is open， Maybe someone broke into the office.

[析] in是表達一個靜止狀態，在與break連用時其後不加介詞賓語，而into則是動態介詞，與break連用時要加介詞賓語。

[誤] I’ll leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow.

[正] I’ll leave Beijing for Shanghai.

[正] I’ll leave for Shanghai.

[析] leave for 是離開某地去某處的固定搭配，不可將for改爲別的介詞。這樣的搭配還有：start for 動身前往某處，set out for， sail34 for.

[誤] I’m sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop.

[正] I’m sorry. I have to get out of the bus at next stop.

[析] get in， 與 get out是兩個相反的詞組。get in 爲上車，而get out爲下車，但語法家認爲這裏的in與out爲副詞，所以其後不能接名詞，我們可以講We’d better get in. 或We’d better get out. 還有一組詞組有關上下車：get on/off33(a train， a ship， a struck35) get into/out of (a car， taxi…)

[誤] Be careful The temperature36 of the water is ninety degrees37 over zero38.

[正] Be careful. The temperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero.

[析] over 與 above 在作爲比某物高的意思時有時可以互換。但在垂直方向上的高矮時，即正上方時則要用above.而泛指上方時用over.

[誤] There is an old stone bridge39 above the river.

[正] There is an old stone bridge over the river.

[析] over還有一意爲“跨越，橫跨”。

[誤] The Dead40 Sea is under the sea level41.

[正] The Dead Sea is below42 the sea level.

[析]在垂直下方要用below.也就是講above與below互爲反意詞，over與under也是反意詞。

[誤] There is a big tree in the front of the house.

[正] There is a big tree in front of the house.

[析] in front of 是在物體外部的前面，而in the front of 是在物體內部的前面，如：The driver sits in the front of the bus.

[誤] It took43 them two days to walk across44 the forest45.

[正] It took them two days to walk through the forest.

[析] across 作爲介詞有兩個主要意思：① 橫過，如：I want to walk across the street.② 對面，如：There is a post office across the street，而through 多用於三維空間中的穿越。across則多用於平面上的橫過。如：The little girl ran46 across the room to meet her mother.

[誤] The sun sets47 toward48 the west.

[正] The sun sets in the west.

[析] towards也可用作toward，它主要表達朝向某方向運動，但不一定到達，如：He ran toward(s) the mountain.而在表示方位east， west， north， south 時，其前面要用in.要注意的是這4個詞可以用作副詞，如：I went south. 也可用作名詞，如：I went to the south.也可用作形容詞，如：I went to the south part50 of China.

[誤] Do you have no other clothes except51 those?

[正] Do you have no other clothes besides52 those?

[析] beside 是“在……旁邊”，如：The students stood53 beside their teachers.而besides是“除……之外，不僅……而且……，除了……以外還有……”，如：I studied English besides French54， when I was55 in college56. 而except 則是從同一類物體中去掉某一部分，如：I come here every day except Sunday. 而except for 是指去掉不同種類的事物，如：The room is clean except for two chairs. 而except that則要加從句。

[誤] Can I write the exam57 paper with ink?

[正] Can I write the exam paper with a pen?

[正] Can I write the exam paper in ink?

[析] with後要加拿得起來放得下的工具，而墨水、顏料等原料則要用in.

[誤] I’m earlier today. I came here by his car.

[正] I’m earlier today. I came here in his car.

[析]在交通工具前加介詞by，但不能再有任何指示代詞或冠詞，否則要改換相應的介詞。by taxi=in a taxi

by train=in a train

by bicycle=on a bicycle

by ship=on a ship

by boat=in a boat

by bus=on a bus

by plane=on a plane

by air 空運

by land58 陸運

by sea 海運

on foot on horseback

by phone by letter by radio

by air mail59 by hand

[誤] A lot of French wines60 are made61 of grape.

[正] A lot of French wines are made from grape.

[析] made of 是指由原材料到成品過程中原材料未發生質地的變化，而發生了某種變化則要用from，如：The desk was made of hard wood.

[誤] This is a good dictionary62 in English grammar63.

[正] This is a good dictionary on English grammar.

[析]關於某方面的書籍、報告等有兩個介詞，其中on表示某專業用書，about則爲某方面的普通讀物，如：This is a book about physics64.即物理科普知識。

[誤] Do you have the key of the door.

[正] Do you have the key to the door.

[析] key to the door門的鑰匙。相同用法還有answer to the question， entrance65 to the highway66， danger67 to health68.千萬不要用of.

[誤] Today a lot of Chinese people have interest19 of collecting stamps.

[正] Today a lot of Chinese people have interest in collecting stamps.

[析] have interest in是在某方面有興趣。

[誤] I didn’t do my homework， so the teacher was angry to me.

[正] I didn’t do my homework， so the teacher was angry with me.

[析] be angry with其後接人，而be angry at其後接事。如：He was angry at what she said69.

[誤] He was good for skating.

[正] He was good at skating.

[析] be good at 爲“擅長某事”，而be good for somebody爲對某人很好。

[誤] It was good to you to help my little boy.

[正] It was good of you to help my little boy.

[析] 這句話應譯爲：你真太好了，幫助了我的小孩。而be good to somebody70 是對某人態度好。如：Her mother is good to everyone.

[誤] My parents were very pleased71 at me.

[正] My parents were very pleased with me.

[正] My parents were very pleased at my studying.

[析] be pleased with後加somebody， 而be pleased at後加something.

[誤] He is agree72 with me.

[正] He agrees73 with me.

[誤] He againsts me.

[正] He is against74 me.

[析]同意agree爲動詞，而反對against則爲介詞。在使用中一定要注意。

[誤] I haven’t heard letters from him.

[正] I haven’t heard from him.

[析] hear from 即爲：從某人處得到信件。不要再加letter了。

[誤] Teacher. May I call at you this weekend?

[正] Teacher. May I call on you this weekend?

[析] 作爲“拜訪”講call at其後接地點，如：May I call at your home this weekend?而call on其後接人。

[誤] Do you know the girl on white?

[正] Do you know the girl in white?

[析] in white爲穿一身白。與in有關的詞組有：in bed(睡覺)，in hospital(住院)，in a hurry(匆匆忙忙)，in danger(危險中)，in joy75 (高興)，in good health(身體好)，in love(戀愛)，in trouble76(困境)，與之相反的是out of ，如：out of trouble (擺脫困境)，out of date(過時了)， out of order77(出故障)

[誤] He looked at me at surprise.

[正] He looked at me in surprise.

[析] surprise的用法一般有三種。①用於句首，To one’s surprise， 如：To my surprise he succeeded78. ② be surprised79 at， 如：I was surprised at the news. ③用於句尾in surprise.

[誤] She didn’t come to school because of she was ill.

[正] She didn’t come to school because she was ill.

[析] because of 後接名詞，如：The game was put off because of the rain.