情態動詞語法講解及練習題
情態動詞是表示能力,義務,必須,猜測等說話人的語氣或情態的動詞。下面本站小編爲大家帶來情態動詞語法講解及練習題，歡迎大家學習!
1)表能力
can表能力時意味着憑體力或腦力或技術等可以無甚阻力地去做某事。
I can climb this pole. 我能爬這根杆子。
He is only four , but he can read. 他只有4歲，但已認得字了。
Fire can’t destroy gold. 火燒不毀金子。
因爲can不能和其他助動詞連用，所以表示將來式時用will be able to
You will be able to skate after you have practiced it two or three times.
你練習兩三次後就會溜冰了。
2)表可能性
多用於否定與疑問結構中，但也可用在肯定句中。
Can the news be true? 這消息可能是真的嗎?
It can’t be true. 它不可能是真的。
What can he possibly mean? 他可能是什麼意思?
can 用在肯定句中表示理論上的可能性(一時的可能)。
A horse in the center of London can cost a lot of money.
Attending the ball can be very exciting.
The road can be blocked. 這條路可能會不通的。
may 在肯定句中表示現實的可能性。
The road may be blocked. 這條路可能不通了。
3)表示允許(和may意思相近)常見於口語。
Can (May) I come in ? 我能進來嗎?
Can I smoke here ? 我可以在這裏抽菸嗎?
情態動詞語法講解：could1)表過去的可能和許可，(多用於間接引語中)
At that time we thought the story could not be true.
那時我們認爲所說的事不可能是真的。
Father said I could swim in the river.
爸爸說我可以在河裏游泳。
2)表過去的能力
I could swim when I was only six.
我剛六歲就能游泳。
Could在肯定句中表示過去的能力時，常表抽象的一般的能力。
He could be very naughty when he was a child.
他小時候會是很頑皮的。
3)表“允許”。可表示委婉客氣的提出問題或陳述看法
Could I use your bike?
Yes, you can.
他會記得那時嗎?
I’m afraid I couldn’t give you an answer today.
恐怕我今天不能回答你。
The teacher said you could go to the store for sweets.
老師說你可以去商店買糖。
3)Could/can+have done 結構表示對過去發生的事情的“懷疑”或“不肯定”。 could 加完成式還用於肯定句時一般表過去可能完成而卻未完成的動作。
Can they have won the basketball match?
他們贏了那場籃球賽嗎?
What you referred to just now can have made her very sad.
你剛剛所談到的可能令他很傷心。
You could have completed the task a little earlier.
你本來能早點完成任務的。(但事實上並沒有提前完成任務)
I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes.
我本可以輕易通過考試，但我犯了太多不該犯的錯誤。
如表具體做某一件事的能力時，則須用 be able to .
He was able to translate the article without a dictionary.
他可以不用詞典翻譯那篇文章。
Can表示一貫的能力 ，be able to表示客觀能力和通過努力可以達到的能力
I can’t swim. But I am sure I will be able to swim through more practicing.
The fire spread through the hotel, but everyone was able to get out
When the boat sank he was able to swim to the bank
情態動詞語法講解：may1)表示請求、可以、允許。
You may drive the tractor. 你可以開那臺拖拉機。
2)當回答由may 引起的問題時，否定答語要用must not,表示“不許可”、“不應該”、“不行”。
May I come in?
Yes, you may.
No,you can’t
No, you may not .
No ,you mustn’t
No ,you’d better not.
3) may /might 推測性用法 可能
He may be right.
He may not come today (可能不)
He may /might come tomorrow.
, 注意: 1只用於肯定和否定句中,不用於疑問句中。
2 might 比may可能性更小
He might get a job.
He may get a job.
3 may no 可能不 can not不可能
He may not come
He can’t come
3)表建議(可和as well 連用)
You may(might)as well stay where you are.
你還是原地待着好。(may as well 有“還是……的好”的含義)
4)表祝願
May you be happy!
情態動詞語法講解：might1)表過去的“可能”和“允許”多用於間接引語。
She said that he might take her dictionary.
她說他可以拿她的詞典去用。
除在間接引語中外，might一般不表示過去的“可能”與“許可”。表過去的“可能”可用could，表過去的“許可”可用were (was) allowed to。
2)表現在的“可能”，其可能性要比may小。
Electric irons could be dangerous; they might give you a severe shock.
電熨斗會有危險，它可能電着人。
3)may (might) + have +done 表示對過去發生行爲的推測，含有“想必”、“也許是”的意思。
It may have been true. 這事也許是真的。
He might not have settled the question. 他可能尚未解決那個問題。
情態動詞語法講解：must1)表示必須、必要
We must do everything step by step .我們必須按部就班地做一切事情。
Why must you always bother me? 爲什麼你偏要打擾我呢。
2)must be + 表語的結構，通常表示猜測，含有“一定”之意。(只用在肯定句中)
He must be an honest boy. 他一定是個誠實的男孩。
This must be your room. 這一定是你的房間。
3)must 的否定式有兩個：當回答由must引起的問題時，否定答覆要用needn’t或don’t have to 表示“不必”、“無須”、“用不着”、“不一定”的意義。當表示“不應該”、“不許可”、“禁止”時，就用must not。
Must I go tomorrow?明天我必須去嗎?
Yes, please.是的，請吧!
No , you needn’t. 不，你不必去。
4)must +have +過去分詞的結構，常用在肯定句中，表示對過去發生行爲的推測，含有“一定”、“準是”的意思。否定和疑問句用can。
She must have studied English before.她以前一定學過英語。
情態動詞語法講解：have tohave to的含義與must是很接近的,只是have to 比較強調客觀需要，must着重說明主觀看法。
I must clean the room.(主觀想法)
I have to clean the room.(客觀需要)
另外，have to 能用於更多時態：
We had to be there at ten .我們得在十點鐘到那裏。
We will have to reconsider the whole thing.
這一切我們將不得不重新加以考慮。
have to 的否定式：don’t have to do 表示“不必做……”之意。
情態動詞語法講解：ought toOught to 後接動詞原形，表義務，但不及must 那樣具有信心，如：
You don’t look well. You ought to go to see the doctor.
你氣色不好，應該去看病。
Ought to 用於否定句，其否定形式可縮略爲oughtn’t ，如：
You oughtn’t to smoke so much. 你不應該抽這麼多煙。
也可以用於疑問句，如：
Ought you to smoke so much?你應該抽這樣多煙嗎?
Ought to 在間接引語中表過去時形式不變，如：
He said you ought to tell the police.
他說你應該去報告警察。
>>>下一頁更多“情態動詞語法解析及訓練”情態動詞語法講解：shall
1)用於第一人稱徵求對方的意見，如：
What shall I wear on the journey? 我路上穿什麼好呢?
Shall we dance? 我們跳舞好嗎?
2)shall 用於第二、三人稱時表允諾，警告，命令，威脅(現已少見)，如：
She shall get her share. 她可以得到她的一份。
You shall have it back tomorrow.你明天可以將它拿回。
情態動詞should一般不應被認爲是情態動詞shall的過去式，主要用法有：
1)用於第一人稱疑問句中詢問對方的意願，但語氣較委婉溫和，如：
What should we do now? 我們現在該怎麼辦?
2)表示應該、必須，常與must 換用。例如：
We should (must) master a foreign language at least.
我們應當至少掌握一門外語。
3)“should+be+表語”的結構，表示推測或驚奇。例如：
They should be back by now. 他們現在應該回來了吧。
I am sorry that she should be so careless. 我感到遺憾她竟會那樣粗心。
4)“should+have+過去分詞”的結構，表示過去該做而實際上尚未做的動作或行爲;其否定則表示發生了不應該發生的行爲。其同義結構“ought to have +過去分詞”,表示過去“早應該”、“本當”之意，語氣較強。例如：
I should have thought of that. 這一點我是應當想到的。(但沒想到)
They should not have left so soon.他們不應當走得這麼早。(但已走了)
5) 在“It is natural (strange, natural, necessary, surprised, impossible, important ) that……”句型中，主語從句中的謂語動詞要用should +動詞原形”表示“理所當然”、“奇怪”、“必要”、“驚異”等的意思。在lest(以免)、for fear (that) (以防)、in case(以備萬一)等之後也要用should+動詞原形;在advise, sugest, order, demand, request 等的從句中should+do”例如：
It is necessary that he(should) be sent there at once.
有必要馬上派他到那裏去。
It is strange that he should say so. 他會說這樣的話真是奇怪。
Let us go at once lest we should be late for the train.
我們馬上走吧，以免趕不上火車。
情態動詞語法講解：will和would的用法1)表示意志，決心或願望。例如：
Surely we will support all the people in the world in their struggle for peace.
我們一定要支持全世界人民爭取和平的鬥爭。
He would not let me try it . 他不肯讓我去試。
2)will表示經常性、習慣性、傾向性，would表示過去的習慣行爲。
He will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.
他會經常一連幾個小時坐在那兒觀看來往的車輛。
He would come to see me when he was in Beijing.
他在北京時，常來看望我。
3)用於第二人稱作主語的疑問句中，表示對對方的請求，would的語氣比will委碗
Would/will you kindly tell me the way to the station? 請問到火車站怎麼走?
4)表可能性
This will be the book you are looking for.
這可能就是你要找的書。
She eould be about 60 when she died.
他死時大概60歲。
情態動詞語法講解：need和dare的用法情態動詞need 實義動詞 need
現 You need (not) do You (don’t) need to do
在
時 He need (not) do He needs (doesn’t need) to do
過 You needed (didn’t need) to do
去
時 He needed (didn’t need) to do
將 You need (not) do You will (not) need to do
來
時 He need (not) do He will (not) need to do
句型 時態 動詞
情態動詞dare 實義動詞 dare
肯定句 現在時 dare to 少用 dare/dares to do
過去時 dare to 少用 dared to do
否定句 現在時 daren’t/dare not do do/does not dare (to) do
過去時 dared not do did not dare (to) do
疑問句 現在時 Dare he do? Do you/Does he dear (to) do?
過去時 Dared he do? Did he dare (to) do
needn’t have v-ed 表示過去做了某事，但沒有做的必要， 意爲“本沒必要…”。例如：
You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today
情態動詞語法講解：表推測的情態動詞句子的反意疑問句He must/may be in the room, isn’t he?
He can’t be in the room, is he?
He must have finished the work, hasn’t he?
He may have done the work last night, didn’t he?
情態動詞+行爲動詞進行式
情態動詞+行爲動詞進行式(即情態動詞+ be + v-ing形式)，表示推測或評論某動作現在是否正在進行。例如：
1)He must be playing basketball in the room.
2)She may be staying at home.
情態動詞語法講解：情態動詞+行爲動詞完成進行式情態動詞+行爲動詞完成進行式(即情態動詞+ have been + v-ing 形式)，表示推測或評論過去某動作是否正在進行或一直在進行。例如：
1)They should have been meeting to discuss the problem.
2)He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.
to +v, be used to +v-ing和be used to +v
(1)used to +v意爲“過去常常”，“過去一直”;be used to +v-ing / n(名詞)意爲“習慣於”;be used to +v意爲“被用來(做某事)”。
(2)used to只表示過去，而be used to +v-ing / n可表示現在、過去或將來。例如：
1)He used to smoke. Now he doesn’t.
2)He’s quite used to hard work / working hard.
3)The knife is used to cut bread.
情態動詞語法講解：用作情態動詞的其他短語would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, can not but, may (just) as well等可用作情態動詞。例如：
1)The soldier would sooner die than surrender.
2)The brave soldier would as soon die as yield to such an enemy.
3)I’d rather walk than take a bus.
4)If you don’t like to swim, you may just as well stay at home.
注：這些短語後一般直接跟動詞原形d (had) rather, would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon後可跟that 引導的從句，that 常省去，從句要用虛擬語氣。對現在和將來的假設用過去時，對過去的假設用過去完成時。例如：
1)I would rather you came on Sunday.
2)I would sooner you hadn’t asked me to speak yesterday.
情態動詞語法練習題1. May I stop my car here?
No, you____.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. don't have to
2. Must we clean the house now?
No, you _______.
A. needn't B. may not C. mustn't D. can't
3. John his father about his failure in the exam.
A. dares not tell B. dares not telling
C. dare not tell D. dares not to tell
4. You return the book now. You can keep it next week if you like.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not
5. Johnny, you play with the knife, you hurt yourself.
A. won''t B. mustn'
C. shouldn't, must D. can'ldn't
6. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
7. Would you go out for a walk with me?
No, I . My girl friend is coming.
A. wouldn't B. shall not C. won't D. shouldn't
8. Man die without water.
A. will B. can C. need D. shall
9. If he started at 9 0'clock, he be there by now.
A. need B. shall C. ought to D. must
10. I mailed the letter two weeks ago. She_____it.
A. must receive B. can't receive C. might receive D. must have received
professor gave orders that the experiment before 5:30p.m.
A. be finished B. will finish
C. must be finished D. would be finished
12. There was plenty of time. You_____.
A. mustn't hurry B. mustn't have hurried
C. needn't hurry D. needn't have hurried
13. Tom was a diligent boy. He go to school though it was raining hard.
was able to B. could C. couldn't D. wasn't able to
14. ______I go back before lunch?
No, I don't think you________.
A. B. to C. to D. May .... ought to
15. The teacher do all the exercises, but a pupil_______.
A. needn' B. may
C. needn'n't D. can'
16. Would you open the window please ?
Yes, I______.
A. will B. would C. do D. can
17. A lion only attacks a human being when it is hungry.
A. should B. can C. will D. shall
18. ____Must I finish this novel this morning ?
____No, you_____.
A. mustn't B. might not C. don't have to D. can't
19. The taxi ____ only hold six passengers. It is full. You take the next one.
A. B. C. D.
20. I ____ a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.
A. may come B. may have come C. could have come D. must have come
21. I wish to go home now,____ I?
A. may B. can't C. must D. do
答案：
1-10 BACCB DCADD
11-20 ADACA ACCBC
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