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雅思聽力特殊小詞之BUT

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下面將爲考生們分析一個小詞——BUT,它在雅思聽力中的重要性不亞於AND,也同樣非常容易被忽略,因此需要我們加倍小心。

雅思聽力特殊小詞之BUT

重要性

轉折

But在雅思考試句子中的出現頻率非常高,在大多數情況下用作並列連詞連接,連接兩個並列的分句或兩個並列的成分,在意思上BUT表示轉折,翻譯爲“但是”,“可是”。如:

A real find for our patients has been the shock-absorbing shoe insert. A cheap but very effective solution. (劍3 Test1 Section4後面縮寫爲:3-1-4)

Sometimes there's simple fix such as changing the guy at the top. ... But a more ambitious approach ... would be to alter ... (5-4-3)

這邊表示的是含義的轉折,說話的側重點往往是放在BUT的後面。因此往往會是聽力中的考點,我們需要在雅思聽力過程中留意去聽取。

What does Karin think the company will do?

A. Look for private investors

B. Accept a takeover offer

C. Issue some new shares

Audio Scripts: ... They have the choice of accepting the very favorable terms that another company ... have given them to buy them out. ... Or they could ... offer some new shares if they wanted. But I ... expect they will start trying to find individuals who'd be prepared to back them with some of the capital they need. (5-4-3)

此題我們會發現A,B,C都有提及,並且都做了同義詞互換,因此在雅思聽力中有較大的負擔。不過BUT的出現卻能夠幫助我們解題。這個詞語後面就是答案,這樣我們就很快的定位到了答案句。當然也可以通過排除法來做題,也就是but前面都是錯的,排除B和C同樣也能很快知道答案A。

還有一種情況是出現在固定短語not only ... but also ... 中,這是一組關聯並列連詞,表示其所連接的成份在意義上後一項對前一項的補充和引申,但側重點在後一項上,意思是“不但……而且……”。如,

Not only is he interested in the subject but also all his students are beginning to show interested in it.

有時候,but和also可以被分隔使用,如:

Of course they bring different ideas, but it's also their attitudes ... (7-1-3)

個別時候甚至可以將also省略,不過意思還是一樣的

During times of change they should be thinking not only about the strain on their staff but take time out to think of themselves. (7-1-3)

此時意義類似於and,因此前後兩句都很重要,都有可能是考點,需要同等注意。

同義互換

BUT往往不會在試卷上出現,因此我們不需要過分關注它與其他詞語之間的互換。但是同樣表示轉折的詞語卻有不少,同樣也是我們需要關注的。

However:

Videos, however, are ideal for use with everyone present in the class... (2-3-3)

Whereas:

Asiatic lions also have a long fold of skin on the undersides, whereas not many African lions have this. (6-4-4)

Nevertheless:

Nevertheless, when you start out and particularly when you're going for an interview, it's important not to confuse people ...(IELTS plus Test 3 Section 4)

這些詞語雖然都表示轉折的意思,但是相對於but來說都屬於生難詞彙,尤其是在聽力過程中,往往無法能夠聽懂這些詞語;另外由於這些詞語都較長並且一般後面都會有一定的停頓時間,在聽力中聽到並不難。因此在聽力過程中出現頻率並不是很高。

難點

語音難點

既然BUT這麼重要,並且出現頻率也很高,那麼在聽力過程中會有什麼問題呢?分析發現,首先,和AND一樣,BUT本身只是連詞,並不是說話的重點,因此在說話的過程中,這個詞語並不會完全讀成/b^t/,而是會弱化爲/b?t/;其次,由於BUT是由爆破音/t/結尾,因此如果後面的詞是輔音這個詞語就會爆破,此時BUT僅僅讀作/b?/。這樣遠遠加大了聽出這個詞語的可能性,自然也很難能定位到後面的重要的話。

Testing and evaluation

Quick feedback from oral presentation.

Marking criteria for oral presentations known in advance.

Too much ______

Audio Scripts:... at lease we've done the oral presentation ... I got my feedback really quickly ... We knew the criteria ... but I'm not so sure about the written work. One thing I think is that there's just too much, it's really stressful. (5-3-3)

此題有相當難度,因爲空前的too much是在很後面纔出現,聽到了這個詞語時答案已經不知所蹤了。此題可以通過前面幾句的名詞oral presentation, feedback, criteria來定位,然後BUT的出現也就預示了答案的到來。但是這個題目中BUT讀的非常弱,非常容易聽漏。

總的來說,提醒考生們,在表示轉折的連詞中BUT的出現頻率是最高的,而且BUT之後往往是非常重要的語句,也就是答案句所在。要注意的是BUT會弱讀,需要重點練習對這個詞語的敏感度。