英語四級語法基礎知識

備考英語四級考試的時候，很多人都忽略了語法的備考，其實語法的備考是貫穿整個四級備考的，而且在每個題型中都會用到。今天我們爲大家整理了英語四級語法基礎知識，一起來看一下吧。

動詞(時態,語態,用法,省略,一致性等)

時態

1)現在完成進行時態(have/has been + -ing 分詞構成): 動作或狀態從過去某時開始,繼續到現在,可能繼續下去,也可能剛剛結束.

I’ve been writing letters for an hour.

I’ve been sitting in the garden.

2)過去完成進行時(由had been + ing分詞構成): 過去某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作

I’d been working for some time when he called.

We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.

3)將來完成進行時: 將來某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作.

By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.

In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.

4)將來完成時(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構成): 將來某時已發生的事.

I shall have finished this one before lunch.

They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.

語態

可以有兩種被動結構的類型,例如:

He was said to be jealous of her success.

It was said that he was jealous of her success.

能同時適用於上述兩個句型的'主動詞通常都是表示“估計”,“相信”等意義的動詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.

It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.

The ship is supposed to have been sunk.

擔當be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時往往表示不同的意義.例如:

Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應該曉得速度限制)

雙賓語及賓補結構的被動語態

雙賓語結構的被動語態: 雙賓語結構變爲被動語態時,可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變爲主語,另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語後面,但多數是把間接賓語變爲主語.

He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.

Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.

賓補結構的被動語態:

She was called Big Sister by everybody.

Then he was made a squad leader.

He was considered quite qualified for the job.

The room was always kept clean and tidy.

短語動詞

Vi + adv

The plane took off two hours late.

Vi + prep

They looked round the Cathedral.

Vi + prep (有被動語態)

以上就是爲大家整理的英語四級語法基礎知識的相關內容，希望能夠對大家有所幫助。語法是英語學習的精華，掌握語法可以幫助大家更好的提升閱讀、聽力和寫作。