八年級英語語法知識
學好英語的語法是相當重要的。下面是本站小編收集整理的八年級英語語法知識以供大家學習。
八年級英語語法知識(一)
動詞形態不對應
下面兩則廣告中的第二個動詞形態就和前面的不對應,因此屬於一種字形上的錯誤:
① If you intend to buy or sell your property or having any queries, please feel free to call me .
② You will be in charge of interviewing and shortlisting candidates and to assist in the recruitment of 500 staff.
在第一句裏的“having”應改爲“have”纔對。不然,就要把這個分句完全寫出來:
“…… or if you have any queries, ……”
第二句裏的“and”是銜接前面的動名詞“interviewing and shortlisting”和後面的動名詞“assisting”。顯然,這裏不用動名詞而用不定式動詞“to assist”,也是犯了動詞形式不對應的錯誤,非改正不可。
還有,根據字詞的排列,“shortlisting”要排在“ interviewing”前面,才合邏輯。
①和②這類的錯誤相當普遍。雖然這樣的錯誤不會影響人們對文章的理解,但是總不是件文字上的好事,還是多多注意,儘量避免好。
同樣的,下列5個從學生作業中找出來的句子,也犯了同樣的毛病:
③ This will enable the parent to experience the new style of life and allows him or her enough time to consider settling down.
④ Utopianism violates the human conscience, denies privacy to individuals and discard human rights.
⑤ They have to reach a decision on either sending their child to a day-care centre or employ a maid.
⑥ It is very hard to relate the stories through other means and at the same time retains the critical aspects of the book.
⑦ This problem can be solved by developing correct language skills, concentrating on studies day by day, and try not to exert too much pressure.
③到⑦句子裏的動詞形態的錯誤是明顯的,改正也是容易的,即:
③ allow; ④ discards; ⑤ employing; ⑥ retain; ⑦ trying.
八年級英語語法知識(二)
英語多義詞
由於一詞多義在英語詞彙的運用上非常重要,這裏不厭其煩地再舉一個家喻戶曉的常用字 break,以加強我對這點的重視。
作爲動詞,break 有下列 12 個常用意思:
① 打破、斷,如:(a)If you drop the cup, you will break it. (b)The rope suddenly broke.
② 違反、違約,如:(a)Don't break the law. (b)Tom is notorious for breaking promises.
③ 傷、毀,如:(a)Tony broke Jane's heart by not marrying her. (b)Judy dropped her watch and broke it.
④ 中斷、打斷,如:(a)The barking of the dog broke our sleep. (b)The stranger rushed in and broke our conversation.
⑤ 破曉,如:They arrived at the airport just as the day was breaking.
⑥ 放棄,如:It is hard to break the habit of smoking.
⑦ 開路,如:We sometimes saw voluntary workers help break paths in villages.
⑧ 毫無得失,如:He bought the sewing machine at $700 and sold it at the same price. He broke even on the deal.
⑨ 闖入,如:A thief broke into my neigbour's house and ran away with some valuables.
⑩ 爆發,如:If a new world war breaks out, can you imagine the consequences?
11. 突破,如:The soldiers tried to break through the enemy's line.
12. 停止,如:The meeting suddenly broke up.
當名詞時,break 有 5 個常見義,如下:
① 裂口:Please send for a plumber to repair the break in the water pipe.
② 拂曉:Fish mongers start work at the break of the day.
③ 吃茶點時間:A few of us have a tea-break at 11am every day.
④ 休息:There is one-hour break for lunch.
⑤ 變動:The bankrupt man has a break in his way of living.
八年級英語語法知識(三)
動詞主語別忘了呼應
根據英語語法規律,形容詞分句(也叫定語從句,adjective clause)裏的動詞必須和主句裏的先行詞(antecedent)呼應。先行詞是單數,形容詞分句中的動詞便是單數;先行詞是複數,形容詞分句中的動詞便是複數。例如:
① Do you know the woman who is walking the dog?(陪狗散步)
② Those who have performed well in the tournament will be rewarded.
在①裏,先行詞the woman是單數,形容詞分句裏的動詞is也是單數。反之,②裏的先行詞those是複數,who後面的動詞也是複數have.
根據這原則,who is upgrading 中的is便要改爲are了。
動詞與主語不呼應的錯誤比比皆是。除了上述例子外,常見的錯誤還有下面幾種類型:
③Has Mr and Mrs Li decided to emigrate?
④Do your uncle live in Malaysia?
⑤There is several beautiful paintings on the wall.
⑥The news of Henry's resignation were received with great surprise.
⑦What we are doing are good for the nation as a whole.
⑧Someone have forgotten to turn off the light.
在③裏,助動詞 has 和複數主語 Mr and Mrs Li 不符,要改爲 have.第④句裏的 do 和 your uncle 不搭配,要改爲 does.第⑤ 句裏的 is 和真正主語 paintings 的數不一致,應改爲 are.這個句子也可改變爲:“Several beautiful paintings are on the wall”。在⑥裏的主語 news,其形式是複數,但意思是單數,動詞也要單數的 was received 才行。⑦裏的主語是名詞分句(noun clause),是個單數的單位,動詞也要單數的 is,不是 are.在⑧ 裏的主語 someone 是單數代名詞,隨後的動詞必須是 has forgotten 纔對。
上述動詞和主語不一致的毛病,屢見不鮮;即使英語能力好的人,也難倖免。
下面這句英語很好,但是裏面的動詞對嗎?是 has 還是 have 呢?
“Its unique concept and impressive magnitude has made it the talking point of the region.”
既然這句的主語是由 concept 和 magnitude 組成,便是複數,謂語動詞當然也要複數 have 纔是。