年3月高口翻譯原文和參考答案(新東方版)

漢譯英原文：

合營企業設董事會，其人數組成由合營各方協商，在合同、章程中確定，並由合營各方委派。董事會是合營企業的最高權力機構，決定合營企業的一切重大問題。董事長由合營各方協商確定或由董事會選舉產生。董事長是合營企業法定代表人。董事長不能履行職責時，應授權其他董事代表合營企業。

董事會會議由董事長負責召集並主持。董事會會議應當有2/3以上董事出席方能舉行。董事不能出席的，可以出具委託書委託他人代表其出席和表決。董事會會議應用中文和英文作詳細記錄，並在會議結束後14日內送交每位董事，由出席董事會會議的各位董事簽字確認。

漢譯英參考答案：

A joint venture shall have a board of directors, which shall have its size and composition stipulated in the contract and the articles of association after consultation between the parties to the venture, and the directors shall be appointed and replaced by the parties to the venture. The board of directors shall be the highest authority of a joint venture that shall decide all major matters concerning the joint venture. The Chairman are determined by the parties to the venture or elected by the board of directors. The chairman of the board is the legal representative of the joint venture. When the chairman is unable to perform his duties, he shall authorize another director to represent the joint venture.

The board meeting is to be called and presided over by the chairman of the board. It shall be held only when over two-third of the directors are present. If a director is unable to attend the meeting，he may issue a power of attorney to appoint a proxy to represent him and vote on his behalf. Detailed minutes of the board meeting shall be prepared in Chinese and English and shall be delivered to each director within fourteen （14） days of the conclusion of the meeting to be signed and confirmed by each of the directors who attended the board meeting.

解析：英語句子被動態多，尤其是在科技法律文本中，通過被動來體現文本的客觀性。相比較而言，漢語被動數量少、用法窄。現代漢語大部分被動意義很少用被字，不用被字也能表示被動涵義，而且，很多被動結構並非通過“被”來連接，如由，叫，讓，給，受到，遭到，爲……所等等，因此，在判斷主語和謂語動詞的關係時一定要關注語態：主動還是被動？本次考試是考察的法律文本，其間未曾出現一個“被”字，但是多個句子是必須利用被動語態來翻譯的：

1. 董事長由合營各方協商確定或由董事會選舉產生。

譯文：The Chairman are determined by the parties to the venture or elected by the board of directors.

2. 董事會會議由董事長負責召集並主持。

譯文：The board meeting is to be called and presided over by the chairman of the board.

3. 董事會會議應用中文和英文作詳細記錄，並在會議結束後14日內送交每位董事，由出席董事會會議的各位董事簽字確認。

譯文：Detailed minutes of the board meeting shall be prepared in Chinese and English and shall be delivered to each director within fourteen （14） days of the conclusion of the meeting to be signed and confirmed by each of the directors who attended the board meeting.

英譯漢原文——查看紐約時報原文出處>>

When President Obama took the stage here Wednesday to address a community — and a nation — traumatized by Saturday’s shootings rampage in Tucson, Arizona, it invited comparisons to President George W. Bush’s speech to the nation after the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, and the memorial service President Bill Clinton led after the bombing of a federal office building killed 168 people in Oklahoma City in 1995.

But Obama’s appearance presented a deeper challenge, reflecting the tenor of his times. Unlike those tragedies---which, at least initially, united a mournful country and quieted partisan divisions---this one has, in the days since the killings, had the opposite effect, inflaming the divide.

It was a political reality Mr. Obama seemed to recognize the moment he took the stage. He directly confronted the political debate that erupted after the rampage, asking people of all beliefs not to use the tragedy to turn on one another. He called for an end to partisan recriminations, and for a unity that has seemed increasingly elusive as each day has brought more harsh condemnations from the left and the right. It was one of the more powerful addresses that Mr. Obama has delivered as president, harnessing the emotion generated by the shock and loss from Saturday’s shootings to urge Americans “to remind ourselves of all the ways that our hopes and dreams are bound together”.

參考答案：

本週三，奧巴馬總統就上週六亞利桑那州圖森市所發生的槍擊慘案向公衆及全國發表演講，人們不禁將這次演講與布什總統在2001年911襲擊之後的演講、以及克林頓總統在1995年俄克拉荷馬州一座聯邦辦公樓遭襲（168人遇害）後發表的演說予以比較。

然而，奧巴馬本次面臨着更大的挑戰，也映射出這個時代的要旨。不同於以往那些慘案---至少在其發生的初期，整個國家在哀悼中團結如一，各黨派亦因此噤若寒蟬---而本次的槍擊慘案卻產生了相反的效果，激發了黨派間的分歧。

自奧巴馬就任總統以來，他便意識到了這一政治現實。他直接面對槍擊慘案發生後引發的政治辯論，呼籲持不同宗教信仰的人們不要利用這一慘案針鋒相對。他呼籲各黨派停止相互指責，同時呼籲各黨派團結起來。因各黨派之間的指責日益嚴厲且鋒芒畢露，團結已經漸形漸遠。本次是奧巴馬擔任總統以來發表的最具號召力的一次演講，他在演講中疏導了美國人因槍殺事件而產生的震驚與迷失情緒，並敦促美國人 “時刻提醒自己，我們因希望和夢想而團結在一起”。