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漢語中的排比翻譯大綱

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排比有兩個字的,三個字的,四個的短語,也有短語,句子的排比,下面我就來談一下排比句翻譯的具體方法(本文文學翻譯的例子均出自<張培基英譯現代散文選>)

漢語中的排比翻譯

一,直譯法,


1,因爲它是一種“長期抗戰”的力,有彈性,能屈能伸的力,有韌性,不達目的不止的力。
The rock is utterly helpless before this force — a force that will forever remain militant, a force that is resilient and can take temporary setbacks calmly, a force that is tenacity itself and will never give up until the goal is reached.

2,愛逐臭爭利,錙銖必較的,請到長街鬧市去;愛輕嘴薄舌的,爭是論非的,請到茶館酒樓去;愛鑼鼓鉦鏜,管絃嗷嘈的,請到歌臺劇院去;愛寧靜淡泊,沉思默想的,深深的小巷在歡迎你。
Those who strive after fame and gain, and haggle over every penny, please go to the downtown area! Those who are sharp-tongued and quarrelsome, please go to the teahouse or restaurant! Those who love deafening gongs and drums as well as noisy wind and string instruments, please go to the opera house or theatre! Those who are given to profound meditation and a quiet life without worldly desires, welcome to the lane!

3這裏有美麗的山水,肥沃的田疇,同時又有黑暗的監獄和刑場。在這裏壞人得志、好人受苦,正義受到摧殘。在這裏人們爲了爭取自由,不得不從事殘酷的鬥爭。在這裏人們在吃他的同類的人。——那許多的慘酷的景象,那許多的悲痛的回憶!
Here, besides beautiful mountains and rivers and fertile farmland, we have ghastly prisons and execution grounds as well. Here bad people hold sway while good people suffer and justice is trodden down underfoot. Here people have to wage a savage struggle in order to win freedom. Here man eats man. O the numerous terrible scenes! O the numerous sad memories!
以上三例,都出自<張培基英譯現代散文選>,屬於文學翻譯,三者的共同之處就在於都採取了平行結構來翻譯原文中的排比句,這樣做的好處是最大限度地保留了和原文的對等, 以基本保留原文的形式美和聲音美,而直譯法也是文學翻譯排比句的常用手法~


4, 不管國際風雲如何變幻,中國政府和人民都將高舉和平、發展、合作旗幟⋯⋯
Whatever changes take place in the international situation, the
Chinese government and people will always hold high the banner of

peace, development and cooperation.


5,過去十多年來,中國一貫積極倡導和踐行互信,互利,平等,協作的新安全觀.
For more than a decade, China has been a strong champion of new security outlook, which has at its very core mutual trust ,mutual benefit ,equity and coordination.
“和平、發展、合作”和”互信,互利,平等,協作”都是最基本的二字格排比,所以字面直譯是最簡單快捷的處理方法。直譯一般出現於二字格,三字格排比中,因爲這兩種類型多屬於固定搭配,一般不存在太多的翻譯技巧處理。

二,合併或減譯


1, 我的生活曾經是悲苦的、黑暗的。然而朋友們把多量的同情、多量的愛、多量的歡樂、多量的眼淚分了給我.這些東西都是生存所必需的。(巴金《朋友》)
There was a time when my hfe was miserable and gloomy. My friends then gave me in large quantities sympathy,love joy and tears— things essential for existence.
譯文把“多量的同情、多量的愛、多量的歡樂、多量的眼淚”中的多量合併,只用了一個“large quantities”。


2,最近,中國組建了國家安全委員會,提出了國家總體安全觀,即以人民安全爲宗旨,以政治安全爲根本,以經濟安全爲基礎,以軍事,文化,社會安全爲保障,以促進國際安全爲依託,走出一條中國特色國家安全道路.
Recently,China has launched a new National Security Comission and prosped a new holistic approach to national security new Chinese approach encompasses many aspects of security,including security of the people, of the political system,the economy ,defense ,culture, society and international environment.
本句中”爲宗旨,爲根本,爲保障,爲依託”並不是在強調他們的地位或作用,而是強調這些內容都包含在”國家總體安全觀”中,因此進行了合理的壓縮。

燕子去了,有再來的時候;楊柳枯了,有再青的時候;桃花謝了,有再開的時候。(朱自清《匆匆》)
If SWalOWS go away,they will come back again.If willows wither,they will turn green again.If peach blossoms fade,they wm flower gain.
增譯if 使得行文更加流暢

三,使用同義詞替換,

於是— — 洗手的時候,日子從水盆裏過去;吃飯的時候,日子從飯碗裏過去;默默時,便從凝然的雙眼前過去。(朱自清《匆匆》)
Thus the day flows away through the sink when 1 wash my hands;vanishes in the rice bowl when I have my meal;passes away quietly before the fixed gaze of my eyes when I am lost in reverie.
原文中三個分句都重複了“過去”,譯文則分別採 用“flows away”、“vanishes”、“passes away”三個同義詞組進行一一對應。這樣譯文中既構成了和原文相似的、平行的句法結構.又避免了完全的重複。

四,語句轉換與重組(常見於政經類文章)

向促改革要動力,向調結構要助力,向惠民生要潛力, 既擴大市場需求,又增加有效供給,努力做到結構調優而不失速。
We promoted reform to gain impetus for development, made structural adjustments to produce support for development, and improved living standards to increase the potential for development. We both expanded market demand and increased effective supply, working to ensure that structural adjustments were made without compromising the growth rate.
本句中三個”向…要”分別採用不同句式,避免了句式的重複,另外,爲了避免”一逗到底”情況,譯文三句一斷,保證譯文清晰流暢. 當處理排比分句較多的情況時,必須以仔細分析原旬,理清各分句問的關係爲前提,分別或綜合使用不定式,介詞短語或者分詞結構將原句重組,以體現出原文字裏行間的邏輯,也符合英語的”樹狀結構”.

綜上,我們可以看出,漢語排比句式在譯成英文時,不可以機械地照序直譯,而應當首先弄清組成詞組或句子之間內在的邏輯關係,按照英語並列句式的組句特點來翻譯。在符合英語句子表達習慣的前提下追求排比句式上的對等。

而直譯法多用於字數比較少的詞語的排比中,在四字格以及不限字數排比上應用較少,不同於二字格一般屬於詞組形式,多字格通常涉及短語及句子,在句子結構上若是拘泥於字面直譯便容易造成死譯,導致譯文不夠通順。