考研英語必背範文30篇

下面是本站小編整理的考研英語必背範文30篇，歡迎大家閱讀!

　　第一章應用文寫作

推薦信 1

語言注意點:

推薦信應多寫被推薦人的優點，肯定其成績。但內容應真實可信，語言熱情得體。切忌誇大其實。

Directions:2

You are asked to write a letter of recommendation for Miss Liu Ming who wants to study for the Master?s Degree under the supervision of Professor Smith who was once your supervisor in your graduate study. Write a letter to Prof. Smith in about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li

Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Prof. Smith,

It has always been a great pleasure to write to you since I can never fail to get help, inspiration or enlightenment from you. Now I am writing to recommend to you Miss Liu Ming who wants to pursue her graduate study for the Master’s Degree under your supervision.

Miss Liu Ming was one of my classmates in Tianjin University. She was one of the most excellent students in our university as can be seen from her straight A grades on all subjects. After graduation she worked in Tianyi Biological Company for three years, which considerably added to her practical experience.

It is my belief that with her intelligence, diligence and rich experience, Miss Liu Ming has great potential for further development in the field of pharmacology both theoretically and practically. Therefore, I recommend her to you with no reservations.

Faithfully yours,

Li Ming

推薦信2

結構要點：

推薦信是向收信人推薦某人做某事的信件，一般分爲三個部分：

1.指出被推薦的人及推薦的原因;

2.介紹被推薦人的情況;

3.總結說明被推薦人值得被推薦(例如能勝任工作)。

Directions 1

Suppose you have been a private tutor of Mr. Wang?s daughter for two years. But now you are going to graduate and so you recommend your friend Lily who is a sophomore to take the place of you. Write a letter to Mr. Wang in about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming

instead.

Sample:

Dear Mr. Wang,

I am very sorry to tell you that I am going to graduate this June and cannot go on with my job as a tutor of your daughter. It has really been a pleasant experience to teach your daughter English as she is such a lovely and smart girl. Here I take great pleasure in recommending to you my friend Lily who is a sophomore majoring in English in my university. She is particularly willing to take the part?time job of an English tutor when she knows about your daughter.

Lily is an excellent student. Especially her spoken English is both fluent and proficient, which can positively influence the person speaking with her. Moreover, as a lively, cheerful and easy?going girl, she is good at communicating with others.

Therefore, I am confident that she is highly competent for the job and will help your daughter make further progress in English.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

建議信 1

結構要點：

建議信是建議收信人採取某種行動的信件，一般分爲三個部分：

1. 說明建議的內容;

2. 提出建議的原因;

3. 指出採納建議的益處。

Directions3

Suppose one of your friends is going on a self?tour in your hometown. Write a letter in about 100 words to make a suggestion to him/her. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Mary,

Glad to hear from you. You have made a right decision to travel in my hometown, Sichuan because it is a place with picturesque scenery.

Self?tour is always my favorite, too, as it gives me more freedom to choose the beauty spots and arrange the tour. To you, a camping?lover, I highly recommend the Ice Mountain in Songpan County. First, you can directly go there by bus from Chengdu or Mianyang. The accommodation in Songpan is very convenient since there are quite a lot of private hotels with clean rooms at low price. Then you can hire a guide who will prepare a horse, a tent and some other things for you. After that, you will visit the beautiful scenery on horseback by following the guide during the day and enjoy camping at night. My journey there last July has really brought me great pleasure and unforgettable memory.

Wish you a happy tour.

Yours ever,

Li Ming

建議信2

語言注意點:

這類信可寫給認識的人，也可寫給不認識的人。內容與模式都比較靈活。但總地來說，應言辭懇切，理由充分。

directions4

Suppose one of your friends is going to take the CET?6 and asks you for suggestions on how to make preparation. Write a letter in about 100 words to him/her. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Helen,

What a surprise it is that you are going to take this June’s CET?6 since you are only a freshman in Fudan University! Anyway, your courage and efforts are worth praise.

To get fully prepared for the test, I think, you need to first enlarge your vocabulary, which is the basis of all parts. Second, you need more exercises, especially exercises of reading comprehension, in order to improve your test skills. Then you should practise writing constantly. You can e?mail your compositions to me and I will correct them for you in time.

In a word, every effort is rewarding. I am looking forward to your success.

Best wishes.

Yours,

Li Ming

求職信1

結構要點:

求職信是申請具體職位的信件，包括下列三個部分：

1. 說明應聘職位;

2. 介紹自身情況;

3. 請求回覆並表示感謝。

directions5

Write a letter in about 100 words to a high school to apply for a teaching position. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Sir,

I am writing to apply for the position as an English teacher that you recently advertised in Sichuan Daily. I take keen interest in the post because I find that my major and experiences well meet the requirements you stated in the advertisement.

Being interested in English teaching, I pursued my graduate study in the direction of teaching methodology in Sichuan International Studies University, and got a Master’s Degree in 2003. I was a top student through the three academic years, as can be shown in the enclosed resume and reports. After graduation, I ever taught English in a Xi’an high school. As Sichuan is my hometown I love very much, I have decided to move back and so I venture to apply for the position in your school.

If I were favored with an interview, I would be most grateful. Please contact me at 13573889787. Thank you for your consideration.

Best wishes.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

求職信2

語言注意點:

求職信不同於簡歷。在介紹自己情況時，不可面面俱到，否則篇幅過長，反而不易得到重視。應重點突出與所應聘職位相關的自己的特點及特長。語言要有禮貌，要能體現出誠懇的態度和對工作的渴求。

Directions6

Suppose you are going to graduate from Shanghai University. Write a letter in about 100 words to a company to apply for a post of salesman. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Sir,

Keenly interested I am in the post of salesman you have advertised on the job market because I think my major, marketing, and my practical experience particularly match your requirements of the post.

I will graduate from Shanghai University this June and get a B.A. degree. I have always been one of the top ten students in my class. I got excellent grades in not only required subjects but also optional courses such as economics, statistics and Chinese literature. Besides, I have passed CET?6 with a mark over 80. Moreover, during the four years, I took an active part in all kinds of practices of sale promotion, which greatly added to my experience in marketing and interpersonal communication. In a word, I am confident that I qualify for the post.

If my application were taken into favorable consideration, I would be most grateful. I am looking forward to your early reply.

Enclosed are my score reports and resume.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

感謝信1

結構要點:

感謝信是就某事向收信人表示感謝的信件，分爲三個部分：

1. 指出對方幫助自己的事情，表示感謝;

2. 展開敘述這件事;

3. 再次感謝，並可表示希望回報對方。

Directions 7

Suppose you were taken good care of by Doctor Liu when you were in hospital. Write a letter in about 100 words to him to show your gratitude. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Doctor Liu,

It is a great pleasure to extend my sincere thanks to you for your careful treatment and attendance when I was in hospital this March.

On that night, I got acute appendicitis and was sent to your hospital by my roommates. Yet I was very lucky to have you, an experienced and skillful doctor, on duty. You immediately diagnosed my disease, hospitalized me and arranged a timely operation for me. In the following days you took good care of me and talked to me from time to time to release my pain.

It was all because of your attendance and perfect professional skills that I could recover so soon. Therefore, thank you again and I wish I would have the chance to pay you back for all your kindness.

Yours faithfully,

Li Ming

感謝信2

語言注意點:

感謝信應充分表達自己的謝意，切不可給對方草率的印象。可藉助談對方的幫助來進一步表達感激之情。言辭應真摯、得體。

Directions 8

Suppose your friend lent you a book and gave you some suggestions when you made preparations for CET?6. Write a letter in about 100 words to show your gratitude. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Sherry,

My thanks to you for your help with my preparations for the CET?6 are beyond words.

Originally I only wanted to ask you for some advice on the coming test, as you were so good at English. But to my surprise, you gave more help to me than I had ever expected. You not only wrote down ten suggestions for me but also showed me how I could arrange my time and what I should do in each month before the test. Besides, you lent me the book I needed very much when you learned that I had not yet got it. It was really kind and considerate of you.

Your unreserved help enabled me to make efficient preparations and at last encouraged me to pass the test. So I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude again.

Yours faithfully,

Li Ming

致歉信1

結構要點:

致歉信是向收信人表示歉意的信件，包括三個部分：

1. 說明爲何事而致歉;

2. 解釋造成過失或不能履約的原因;

3. 再次致歉或提出解決方案。

Directions 9

Suppose you cannot attend your sister?s graduation ceremony as expected for some reason. Write a letter in about 100 words to make an apology to her. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Linda,

Kindly excuse me for my not being able to attend your graduation ceremony next Wednesday as I have promised.

You know, there will be a meeting of great importance to my company next week in Nanjing. But the person who was originally appointed to it is now seriously ill in hospital. And I have been asked to take his place to attend the meeting and make a speech on behalf of my company. On the one hand, it is a task assigned by my boss out of his trust in me. On the other hand, I do regard it as an opportunity to both display and enhance my abilities. So I am afraid I cannot be present at your graduation ceremony.

Though I have decided to send you a gift to celebrate your graduation, I really regret that I cannot give you my sincere congratulations on the spot, for I know any gift can never parallel a warm word spoken personally by a family member. I do feel terribly sorry. Please forgive me.

Cordially,

Li Ming

致歉信2

語言注意點:

致歉信必須寫得坦誠，表達出真心的歉意。

Directions 10

Suppose you have accepted Mr. Zhang?s invitation to dinner, but you have to change your plan for some reason. Write a letter in about 100 words to make an apology to him. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Mr. Zhang,

It was very kind of you to invite me to dinner in your house the day after tomorrow and I originally accepted it with great pleasure. But now, much to my regret that I may not be able to keep my promise because my sister was injured in a car accident and I must look after her in the hospital for several days.

The accident happened suddenly and all my family are now busy dealing with it and caring for my sister. So I don’t think I will have the time to go to the dinner and even if I go, I am afraid I will hardly be in a cheerful mood, which may spoil the party.

I am very sorry for that and really regret that I would miss such an excellent chance of enjoying the perfect dishes with friends. Besides, please give my regards to Mr. and Mrs. Rogers when they come to dinner.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

免費考研網

Direction 26

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture;

2. interpret the meaning of the picture;

3. make your comments.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這道題目屬於哲理類的題目，可以用多種方法來說明圖中所闡述的道理，文章的安排也有多種可能性。我們可以採用一種比較獨特的方式，先描述圖表，在第二段中就所表達的內容進行提問，在第三段中以舉例說明我們對該問題的理解和認識，最後在第四段做結。

Sample:

A miserable picture unfolds before our eyes: a flood has destroyed a whole city. We can imagine the loss of lives and property. Under the picture, there was a thought?provoking sentence: every drop of water says it is not responsible for the flood.

This picture inevitably invites a series of questions: then who is responsible for the flood? Who has demolished the houses? Who has drowned the children?

A good case in point is pollution. Twenty years ago, most rivers were so clean—the water was drinkable and so many people went swimming and fishing. Only two decades later, many of them became so polluted that we can no longer drink the water—fishes have died out and nobody ever swims in it or washes clothes by it. Every one of us never thinks the industrial waste or the living garbage we once damped into the river would cause so serious a result—today the harsh reality has become too hard to swallow.

Finally we realize that every drop of water actually is responsible for the flood. Only if every citizen takes on his responsibility as a member of a family, a nation and the world can all of us wish to have a more beautiful future.

點評：

第一段對圖表和圖下的文字進行描述。這一段使用了少用的句型A miserable picture unfolds before our eyes以深化看到圖畫後受到的震撼。而後加入了聯想性的句子We can imagine the loss of lives and property，這是不多見的。然後描述了圖下的一句話。

第二段創造性地連問了三個問題，與圖下的文字針鋒相對，又爲第三段的論述做了充分的鋪墊。三個問題中，第一個問題直接與上段末句形成對立，而後面兩句則是呼應首段的次句，可謂環環相扣，聯繫緊密。

第三段共分四句，舉了污染的例子。第一句是常用句型。第二句和第三句形成了鮮明的對比——二十年前的河流清澈，二十年後的卻污染嚴重。最後一句是關鍵——傾倒工業廢料、生活垃圾的人也沒有想到會有如此嚴重的後果。

最後一段是結論段，共分兩句。第一句話正好與圖中的話相反，這是在論述後得到的結論。第二句話引申說——每個公民都要儘自己的責任，我們才能擁有美好的明天。

心得：

在說理的文章中，找到切入點是很重要的，所以很多時候要用到舉例。一般說來，有多種例子可舉，並不一定哪一種就是最好的。這時由於時間有限，不可太猶豫。本文中舉了污染的例子，解答了第二段中的疑問，也直接引出了末段的結論，作用非常重要，請大家用心體會。

Direction 27

Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the pictures;

2. interpret the meaning of the pictures;

3. make your comments.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這是一個非常好的題目，我們可以這樣來構思：描述圖表——分析其中道理——推廣到生活中——採取行動。

Sample:

In the first picture, a young girl poured a whole barrel of water on a little flower in order to help it grow more quickly. In the second picture, the flower withered before long, and the child was crying—she wondered why things should be that way.

Trees need water to grow up, and flowers need water to bloom. But too much water can no longer be helpful—it can only hinder their growth and even kill them. Whenever we water trees or flowers, we should do it according to the natural principle.

Actually, whenever we take action in our daily life, we should follow the law of nature. It is understandable for us to dream of quick success and then take immediate actions to turn it into reality, but we should not be too hasty. If we are always in a hurry, quality often suffers, making it more difficult for us to attain the aim.

Up until now, we come to understand the meaning of the old saying “Haste makes waste” better. We should break our great plan into small parts, analyze the feature of each part and carry it out step by step—when we follow the natural pace of development, success will soon be in our hands.

點評：

本文共分爲四段。第一段描述兩幅圖畫，突出了其中的對比。第二段分三句來闡述畫中的道理。前兩句話說樹與花都需要水，但過多的水不但無益，反倒有害。最後一句話說澆水要符合自然規律。第三段共三句話。第一句說在日常生活中，我們應遵守自然規律。第二句說夢想快速成功然後立即採取行動是可以理解的，但是不能太着急。第三句話說如果總是匆匆忙忙，質量肯定會受影響，達到目的就更難了。最後一段兩句話，第一句話說我們最終更好地理解了“欲速則不達”這句話。第二句話說了我們正確的做法——將計劃拆分成小的部分，分析每部分的特點，而後一步步地付諸實施。

心得：

該文由淺入深，環環相扣，漸入佳境，源自宏觀上全局的安排和微觀上語言的處理。從分析畫本身的道理，說到我們的日常生活，再到我們處事的具體做法，非常自然，也使人感到親切。

在語言上，首段採用了兩句簡潔的描述，突出顯示了對比。次段首句採用的是平行結構。次句採用了破折號表示遞進。第三段中第二句採用了錶轉折的並列句，第三句採用了條件狀語從句。第四段第二句採用了平行的動賓詞組，而後使用破折號，最後使用了時間狀語從句。

Direction 28

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture,

2. interpret the meaning of the picture;

3. make your comments.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這道題目看似簡單，卻富含哲理，對我們而言是一個很好的挑戰。在謀篇佈局上，需要精心安排。可以這樣做：在描述圖畫後，在第二段中直接對圖中的論斷進行批駁，而後在第三段拓展到社會生活中相關的方面。最後在第四段中下結論。

Sample:

In the picture, a young man is lying in bed and says to himself, “If I do nothing, I will make no mistakes.”

How ridiculous this statement is! To err is human—who can avoid making mistakes all the time? If we are careful and cautious enough, we can always learn from our mistakes and failures. So when we meet the same problem for the second time, we can tackle it from another angle and by another approach. After repeated attempts, we can reduce or even eliminate mistakes.

We can’t help thinking of the inaction of some government officials. Their chief aim in their daily work is to make no mistakes. Whenever emergency happens, they never take immediate action. Instead, they always report it to his superior and ask him what can be done. In many cases, time has been wasted and the best opportunities to make remedies have been lost. If government officials cannot make decisions and take actions, why do we need them?

Like the government officials, people of other professions should also take on their responsibility to do what they are required to do without hesitation. Mistakes are not a bad thing so long as we are determined to learn from them and make constant progress.

點評：

該文的結構安排非常精彩。第一段對圖畫進行描述，非常簡潔。第二段共分五句，直接對圖中人的觀點進行批駁。第一句話使用感嘆句，極言上述說法之荒謬。第二句引用諺語，說明“人非聖賢，孰能無過”。第三句話說，我們總是能從錯誤和失敗中學到東西。第四句和第五句說我們在遇到同樣的問題時，總是可以嘗試不同的方法以減少甚至消滅錯誤。

第三段共分六句，以某些政府官員爲例。第一句使用了常見的舉例子的句型。第二句說明他們的主要目的是“但求無過”。第三句和第四句說緊急情況出現時，他們不採取緊急行動，而是彙報給上級。第五句說時間浪費了，最好的補救時機錯過了。最後一句說，如果政府官員不能做決定、採取行動，我們要他們幹什麼呢?這一段將上述對道理的分析與當前社會生活中的現象結合起來，很有說服力。

最後一段有兩句話，第一句說每個人都應負起責任，毫不猶豫地履行自己的職責。第二句說錯誤並不是壞事，只要我們從中學習便可以獲得進步。

心得：

要想寫好哲理性的文章，平時要養成思考的習慣。在行文過程中，先辨明道理，而後與時事相結合是個不錯的選擇。不要忘記最後給出有力的結論。

Direction 29

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture;

2. point out the serious consequences of this phenomenon;

3. suggest possible solutions.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

該題談論了是一個非常令人擔憂的現象——許多學生沉迷於網絡遊戲和網上聊天。結構非常清晰，分爲三個部分——描述圖畫，說明危害，提出解決辦法。我們可按照提綱來構建我們的文章，將文章分成三段來寫。

Sample:

In the net bar, those who are present are obviously all school children. Different are the things they are doing on computers—some are playing games and some are chatting online; but the same are the expressions they wear before the computers—attentive and addicted. It seems that they are so absorbed in the unreal world that they may not notice anything around them in the real world.

As is known to all, the addiction to net games and chat can do great harm to children. First of all, it will affect their study by taking up a lot of time and energy. Secondly, radiation from computers will harm their health, especially their eyes. In addition, their indulging in the unreal world will have negative influence on their communication with people in the real world, and thus will hamper the development of their personality and mental health.

From my point of view, in order to solve this problem, the primary responsibility falls on parents, who are supposed to have more significant influence on the growth of children. By improving mutual communication, they can establish a better relationship with the children, make them feel they are cared and understood, and reasonably direct their interests. Next come teachers and schools, who, undoubtedly, play an important role in children’s education. Besides teaching knowledge in class, they should help children develop various interests to fill their after?class time, such as sports and scientific invention. In my belief, the problem of children’s addiction in net games and chat can be solved through efficient communication and proper guidance.

點評：

文章的第一段是描述圖畫。共分三句話，第一句話說網吧裏都是學生。第二句採用對比法，說不同的是有的打遊戲，有的上網聊天，可相同的是都那樣專注。第三句採用結果狀語從句，充分描述了他們此時的狀態。

第二段首句是段落的主題句。而後分三個方面來談，第一點是影響學習;第二點是有害健康;第三點是對個人成長極爲不利。

第三段分兩個方面來說，即家長和教師，結構極爲清晰。最後一句話是結論，是對前面兩點(共四句話)的總結。

心得：

該文章是典型的“現象——後果——辦法”模式的文章，通過分析圖畫和文章，我們可以迅速確定文章的結構和發展，這是非常重要的。

Direction 30

Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should

1) describe the drawing，

2) give possible reasons for the phenomenon, and

3) suggest possible solutions for the problem.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

該文提綱可分爲三個部分：描述圖畫;給出圖畫所表現的現象的原因;給出解決問題的辦法。這是一種非常常見的文章模式。在提綱中直接給出主題的情況不多，如果沒有給出，就應該在第一段或第二段開頭明確地點出來。圖畫題一般有兩種情況，一種是平鋪直敘，直接寫圖畫反映的問題或現象;一種是含義深刻，簡潔的圖畫中蘊涵着深刻的道理。一般來說，後者的難度較高。這裏屬於前一種情況。

Sample:

In the picture, we can see clearly that two small children are showing off their father’s business cards. One says proudly, “My father is the manager of his department.” And the other immediately laughs at him and utters, “Oh, that’s nothing. My father is the CEO of a multinational corporation.”

The reasons why such a worrying phenomenon arises, in my belief, are as follows. First, in the social transformation period, some people pay more and more attention to wealth and status, and link success to such superficial factors, thus making a destructive compact on children. Second, today’s media, to some extent, have actually aggravated such an unfavorable situation. In films and TV series a happy and ideal life is often depicted as a luxurious one, which will inevitably have an adverse effect on young people who are still not mature enough to distinguish between right and wrong. Third, teachers, on many occasions, have not done a satisfactory job. The present education system sometimes attaches too much attention to the scores and grades of students and overlooks their personality development.

To change the present unfavorable situation all of us must make immediate and substantial efforts. The government should try it best to create a social atmosphere in which people cherish diligence, conscience and simplicity. Teachers and schools should make every effort to teach the students to grow up into responsible and enterprising citizens who are determined to contribute to the development of the community, the nation and the whole world. Parents should let students get in touch with the society, helping them know that a meaningful life is one that brings significance to others. Only in this way can we hope to solve such a disturbing problem and ensure the brilliant future of our nation.

點評：

該文共分三段。第一段描述圖畫。一般說來，先描述圖畫，後點明主題的情形比較多——這樣寫重在歸納，比較重視邏輯和事物發展的內部聯繫。而本文首句即點明主題，即本文所述的現象——孩子吹噓父親職位、相互攀比的現象——這樣寫開門見山，非常有力度。

第二段寫了該現象產生的原因。第一句話是段落的主題句，而後分社會、媒體和老師三個方面來說。

第三段寫解決問題的辦法，第一句話是主題句，之後分別寫政府、老師和家長正確的做法。這裏沒有使用象first,second,third這樣的連接詞，但由於採用了平行的主語，仍達到了結構清晰的效果。最後一句話是結論句，使用了強勢的倒裝句，句中使用了連詞and，前面寫“解決問題”，正好與提綱相扣，後面寫“保證國家的美好明天”，是昇華的部分，請大家用心體會末句的寫法。

心得：

第二段與第三段均分三點來寫，其中兩點嚴格呼應，另一點並未嚴格呼應(家長)。這是平行之間見變化的高級寫法，即兩點是顯性呼應，一點是隱性呼應。

免費考研網

Direction 21

Read the following story carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. retell the story briefly;

2. interpret the meaning;

3. make your comments.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

題目：

Where are we going?

A boat docked in a tiny Mexican village. An American tourist complimented the Mexican fisherman on the quality of his fish and asked how long it took him to catch them. “Not very long,” answered the Mexican.

“But then, why didn?t you stay out longer and catch more?” asked the American.

The Mexican explained that his small catch was sufficient to meet his needs and those of his family.

The American asked, “But what do you do with the rest of your time?”

“I sleep late, fish a little, play with my children, and take a siesta with my wife. In the evenings, I go into the village to see my friends, play the guitar, and sing a few songs...I have a full life.”

The American interrupted, “I have an MBA from Harvard and I can help you! You should start by fishing longer every day. You can then sell the extra fish you catch. With the extra revenue, you can buy a bigger boat. With the extra money the larger boat will bring, you can buy a second one and a third one and so on until you have an entire fleet of trawlers. Instead of selling your fish to a middle man, you can negotiate directly with the processing plants and maybe even open your own plant. You can then leave this little village and move to Mexico City, Los Angeles, or even New York City! From there you can direct your huge enterprise.”

“How long would that take?” asked the Mexican. “Twenty, perhaps twenty?five years,” replied the American. “And after that?”

“Afterwards? That?s when it gets really interesting,” answered the American, laughing. “When your business gets really big, you can start selling stocks and make millions!”

“Millions? Really? And after that?”

“After that you?ll be able to retire, live in a tiny village near the coast, sleep late, play with your children, catch a few fish, take a siesta, and spend your evenings enjoying your friends!”

審題：

在本書的大作文中，我們不僅爲大家提供了圖畫題和圖表題，還提供了一些比較特殊的題目，比如這篇看文章寫作。我們這樣做，不僅因爲國外考試中有類似的形式，更重要的是想拓寬大家的視野，提高大家的應變能力。

該題目先給出了一篇極富哲理的三百餘字的短文，而後提出了三點要求，簡述該故事;闡釋其中含義;給出你的評論。這篇文章可以分成三段來寫：第一段是簡要地重述該故事;第二段闡釋含義並作出評論;最後一段是結語。

Sample:

In the above story, an American tourist wishes to turn a Mexican fisherman into a millionaire so that the latter can enjoy a happy life. The fisherman simply turns him down because he has been living that kind of happy life now.

This story makes every one of us look at the ultimate question of happiness closer and deeper. Do we need to tell others how to be happy? Is getting rich the only way to be a happy person? Does earning a lot of money surely bring an intense feeling of happiness? Happiness is a largely related with individual perception, and there is definitely no need for us to reshape others’ lives in the name of bringing them happiness. Furthermore, becoming rich does not necessarily bring happiness, if we cannot control ourselves to spend money in the right way. Finally, to travel happily and hopefully is equal to and even better than to arrive. It is not wise at all to sacrifice youth, health or today’s happiness just for a bright future in our dreams.

Happiness is a feeling. We go a thousand miles and spend many years to pursue what we actually can grasp today. Around us there are too many people who are busy all day, and those who are smart enough to enjoy life are always few.

點評：

這篇文章分爲三段。第一段寫得非常簡潔，這一段很能體現出我們總結概括的能力。該段只有兩句話，突出描寫了美國人的意圖和墨西哥漁民截然相反的態度。

第二段是核心段落。第一句直接點出了該文討論的主題：幸福。而後三句話連續三個問題，對文中以美國人爲代表的一大批人的觀點表示質疑。後四句給出回答：第五句說幸福與個人的感覺相關;第六句說變得富有不一定能帶來幸福;第七、八句最耐人尋味：快樂地、充滿希望地旅行甚至比到達更好，爲了夢想中的光明未來而犧牲自己的青春、健康或今天的幸福是不明智的。其中第七句暗引了蘇格蘭作家Robert Louis Stevenson的名句：To travel hopefully is a better thing than to arrive.

最後一段做結：幸福是一種感覺。我們跨越千里，等待多年所追逐的其實就在身邊。匆匆忙忙的人總是太多，能享受生活的人卻寥寥無幾啊。

心得：

如果提綱中給出的要求是闡釋含義並給出評論，這類文章是比較難寫的。這篇文章大家一定要細細琢磨，領悟其中的深刻含義。

Direction 22

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture;

2. interpret the meaning of the picture;

3. draw your conclusion.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

《井榦方知水可貴》該圖畫以簡潔的筆觸說明了深刻的道理，這類文章考察的可能性是相當大的。

Sample:

The picture focuses on a person standing by a well. Looking at the empty barrel at hand, he sighs, “My God, there is no water at all. I should not have wasted it.”

We never know the worth of water till the well is dry. Similarly, we never realize the worth of the best things in life until they are lost. When we are young, some of us bear a destination in mind and try to reach it at all costs. In the due process, we either lose health or our friends—even if we reach that destination at last, will we be happy? Others always think God is not fair to them—they are so frustrated that they can not accumulate the courage to change their lives for the better. When youth becomes history, their world will be even colder and more hopeless.

Many of the best things in the world are just in our own hands. It is certainly not easy to realize this point, and even more difficult to cherish them to the uttermost. If we realize the value of youth, health and friends, we will be among the happiest persons of the world.

點評：

這篇文章的佈局相當簡單，共分三段。第一段描述圖畫。第二段闡釋含義，也就是說明其中蘊涵的深刻道理。第三段下結論。

第一段非常簡潔。第二段共有六句話，第一句話一針見血，非常關鍵。第二句是類推，頗具哲理。第三句和第四句說我們在向着目標奮進的過程中常常失去了寶貴的東西，如健康、朋友。第五句話說有些人慨嘆命運的不公。第六句話說當青春失去時，世界將變得冰冷無望。第三段是結語，共分三句話。首先說世上許多最好的東西實際上就在我們手中;然後說理解到這點是不容易的，而做到就更不容易了;最後說如果我們意識到了青春、健康和朋友的價值，我們就是最幸福的人了。

心得：

看到這副圖畫，關鍵是建立表面的含義和隱藏深刻的含義之間的聯繫。“井榦方知水可貴”可推衍至人生中可貴的東西，如青春、健康和友情等。如果平時多思考、多寫作，考試時即使遇到不同的題目，也能快速反應，找到正確的應對方法。

這篇文章的重要特點就是列舉，將具體圖畫與抽象的人生中可貴的東西建立類比聯繫之後，一定要舉出具體的有代表性的這類可貴的事物。第二段分兩個方面來說，先說了健康與朋友，後說了青春。第三段中一定要與第二段中直接呼應，將這三者再列舉一次才能取得理想的效果。

Direction 23

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture;

2. interpret the meaning of the picture;

3. make your comments.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這道題的出題方式我們已遇到多次了，是“描述圖畫+闡釋含義+作出評論”的模式，這種模式在寫作中的靈活程度比較大。

Sample:

In the picture, a young man asks an old man, “What can be got without pains in this world?” The old man replies, “There is only one thing: poverty.”

Looking at the drawing, I think a lot. It tells us that we have to make strenuous efforts whenever we want to be successful in a particular field. How can a person achieve his ultimate goal without long?time practices and continuous attempts?

A good case in point is mountaineering. Nobody is born a good mountain climber, and one can only become a skilled one after countless injuries. The scenery at the mountaintop is fantastic, but the road to the summit is always rough and full of hardships and dangers. Isn’t scientific research the same? Countless sleepless nights, thousands of failures and even more—all of these are part of a scientist’s life. Only a few of them can make great scientific breakthroughs, and all of these people are the most persevering.

On the contrary, if a person is determined to live an idle life, and wait for God to put something in his hands, then that thing should and could only be poverty. If a person has neither ideal nor the determination to live better and let others live better, his existence is not meaningful at all.

點評：

這篇文章共分四段：首段是描述圖畫;次段是總結寓意;第三段是舉例說明;第四段是下結論。該文最引人注目之處是第三個段落，整段舉了兩個例子。我們在多年的考研閱卷中發現，大多數同學的舉例是不成功的。舉例子要具備兩個條件才能成功，一是典型——既要緊扣主題，又要具有代表性，能夠震撼人心，切忌不痛不癢;二是精練——用簡潔的話語表達深刻的意義，切忌拖泥帶水。本文第三段在這點上很值得學習。

文章第一段非常簡潔。第二段的首句是過渡性的句子，次句直接對圖畫的意義做出總結——無論我們想在哪個領域獲得成功，都必須付出艱辛的努力。接着採用了語氣非常強烈的反問句——沒有長時間的實踐和不斷的努力，一個人又怎能實現最終的目標?第三段包括了兩個例子，一個是登山，一個是科學研究。第四段是結尾段落，首先與第三段是相對的，其次又呼應了文章的首段，非常精妙。該段共有兩句話，第一句話說如果一個人下定決心要過閒散的生活，等着上天在他手中放上某樣東西，那麼這樣東西就只能是貧窮。第二句話進一步說，如果一個人既沒有理想也沒有決心讓自己和別人過得更好，那麼他的存在就失去了意義。第二句話與第一句採用了同樣的句式，語氣卻更加強烈，給人留下了很深刻的印象。該段第一句話中的should and could be...是一個高級用法，意思是“將會是而且只能是”。

心得：

我們重點來看一下舉例的段落，即第三段。該段共有六句話。第一句話引出了登山。第二句話是一個經典句子，沒有人生來就是一個好的登山者，一個人只有在無數傷痛後才能成長起來——該句的內在邏輯聯繫非常強。第三句話說山頂的風光綺麗，但通往頂點的路卻充滿艱辛(句中有平行名詞的用法)。第四句話採用反問句巧妙過渡到科學研究上來。第五句先用平行的名詞詞組，而後在破折號後寫道“所有這些都是科學家生活的一部分”相當獨特。注意句中part一定不要加冠詞。最後一句寫道，他們中只有一小部分人能取得重大的科學突破，而這些人又都是最堅忍之人。

請大家仔細學習這一段落。一是該段的構建方法，看句子與句子是怎樣有機結合，層層推進，構成一個理想的段落的。二是學習本段的舉例方法。例子是用來說明道理的，如果能說到點子上，說得透徹，就一定能服人。

Direction 24

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture,

2. interpret the meaning of the picture;

3. make your comments.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

《踢皮球》圖畫題最常見的有兩種情況，一是寫世間的哲理，一是寫常見的社會現象或社會問題，這裏是後一種情形。簡單的圖畫，深刻的寓意——這是當前圖畫題最主要的趨勢之一。

拿到這個題目後，我們認爲它和其它的一些題目反映的情況不盡相同——隨着市場經濟的發展，顧客被生產者和銷售商推來搡去的現象已大有改觀，所以我們可以這樣來安排全文——首段描述圖畫，次段以自身感受爲基礎，描述過去的這種情形，第三段寫現在已經大爲改善的情況，末段下結論。

Sample:

The picture describes a match of kicking the ball: the person on the left has just kicked the ball toward the person on the right, who has already been ready to kick the ball back. A close examination will help us find out that this is a match between the producer and the seller—both of them refuse to take on the responsibility whenever the customer reports a problem.

We can’t forget those days in the past when we went shopping. The shop assistant was so cold and indifferent that we usually had to wait for long. We often had no right of comparing and selecting. Later when we found there was something wrong with the product, the chance of getting it exchanged was slim, not to mention returning it to the shop. The shop always said the producer was to blame, and if we went to the producer directly, the latter would say that it was not common practice for a customer to contact the producer. Even if we finally succeeded in exchanging the product, it always took too much time and wasted too much energy.

In the present environment of market economy, we are happy to see that the situation in our nation has improved significantly. When a customer is not satisfied with a product, he is entitled to return it to the store and get refunded during a certain period of time. If that time limit has passed, the customer still has the right to get the product exchanged.

In this era of fast economic development, both the producer and the seller should first cater to the needs of the customer. Anyone who fails to do so will be driven out of the market sooner or later.

點評：

首段先寫看到一場足球比賽，而後仔細一看，原來是生產者和銷售商在產品質量出現問題時將消費者推來搡去。

第二段用六句話描述我們曾經有過的痛苦的經歷。第一句話是個引子。第二、三句描寫購物時不愉快的經歷。第四句說發現質量問題後，要換非常麻煩，更用不着說是退了。第五句話生動地再現了銷售者和生產商都拒絕負責的情形。末句說即使最後商品得以調換，也花費了大量的時間和精力——話語中充滿了無奈。

第三段說現在的情況已大幅改善。顧客有權在一段時間內退貨，如果期限已過，也可以換貨。段中be entitled to表示“有權利做某事”，refund表示“退款”。

末段總結。第一句說在這個經濟快速發展的時期，生產商和銷售商都應把顧客的需求放在首位。第二句反過來說，任何做不到的人都遲早會被市場淘汰。

心得：

首段由遠及近的寫法非常有效。第二段以時間爲線索，描述了過去不愉快的經歷。這一段以時間爲線索，所以即使句子較多，也絲毫不顯得凌亂。第三段說明了現在的情形，與第二段形成鮮明的對比。末段正說加反說的辦法很有說服力。

Direction 25

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture;

2. interpret the meaning of the picture;

3. make your comments.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

該圖畫描寫的是一個敏感的社會問題——平價藥店受到各方遏制的現象。這篇文章的難度比較高。在描述圖畫後，可分三段來寫：先寫藥價偏高的現象，再寫平價藥店的崛起及受到的壓制，最後寫解決辦法。

Sample:

We can see from the picture that several people are condemning a person so violently that it seems that some of them even want to beat him hard. The person has crouched down, with virtually no possibility of striking back. After looking at the picture carefully, we realize that the low?price drugstore has evoked anger and even hatred in many drug factories, various dealers, traditional drugstores and hospitals.

As we all know, the price of drugs in our nation has been too high for quite a long time. After drugs are produced in factories, they go first to the chief dealer, then the subsidiary dealer, and then finally to the hospitals and drugstores. Such a traditional mode of drug circulation drove the total medical expenses higher, putting a heavy burden on urban and rural residents alike.

The rise of low?price drugstores changes the situation completely. When drugs succeed in flowing to such drugstores immediately after production, the cost of management becomes much lower, thus selling drugs at a much lower and reasonable price also becomes possible. But such operation irritates many parties who feel that their interests have been hurt in the process. Among them are dealers, traditional drugstores, hospitals and even some factories. When all of them combine to oppose the newcomers, the existence of these new drugstores is at risk.

I believe that the government should endeavor first to foster such drugstores and then to reform the drug circulation and the medical system as a whole. When we give priority to the interests of the common people, the making of a harmonious society will not be difficult.

點評：

該文共分四段。第一段還是採用先描寫圖畫表層表現的打鬥場面，而後再進一步引出本文的主題——新生的平價藥店受到各方打壓。

第二段寫了藥價過高的現象及其原因。主要原因就是藥店流通環節過多，層層加價，給居民帶來了巨大的負擔。

第三段先寫了平價藥店的誕生改變了當前的局面。之後寫了它們激怒了利益受損的各方，其中有銷售商、傳統藥店、醫院和一些藥廠。當它們羣起攻之時，新的平價藥店的生存就受到了威脅。

第四段寫政府應當扶植這些平價藥店，並改革藥品流通和整個醫療體系。最後進一步說，當我們首先考慮普通大衆的利益時，和諧社會的構建就不是難事了。

心得：

這篇文章涉及的話題比較難寫，我們如果對此問題並不是非常熟悉，就不必深入去寫，因爲考察的重點是語言，這一點大家切記。

下面來看一些重點的詞和詞組。

首段首句中的condemn意即“聲討”。次句中的crouch表示“蜷縮”。第三句中的evoke表示“激起”。

第二段中的drug circulation意思是“藥品流通”。

第三段第二句中flow的意思是“流通”，the cost of management表示“管理成本”。第三句中的irritate表示“激怒”。末句的at risk表示“受到威脅”。

末段首句的endeavor表示“努力”，後接不定式。次句中的give priority to表示“優先考慮”，harmonious society表示“和諧社會”。

免費考研網

Directions 16

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture;

2. interpret the meaning;

3. suggest possible solutions.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

該文的圖畫畫了兩個人望樓興嘆，很明顯該文談的是我國當前的房價過高、房地產行業如何良性發展的問題。

Sample:

In the picture, two people are talking about a newly built set of apartment buildings. One says, “It is too expensive.” The other goes on to say, “How can we afford it?” It is obvious that the drawer of this picture wants to draw our attention towards our real estate industry.

Nowadays, our real estate industry has experienced such an unprecedented boom that all of us begin to consider it as too hot in one way or another. The average price has been soaring for quite a few years. In some big cities it seems to be out of control—it has been nearly impossible for the common local citizens to afford a satisfactory apartment in the downtown area. Consequently, how to create a healthier and more reasonable property market has been a problem of great importance.

Among all the possible measures, I believe the following ones are the most appropriate. In the first place, the legislators should establish a series of policies so as to curb speculation and thus keep the price of houses at a reasonable level. In the second place, the governments at all levels should make better use of the limited land resources by building theme communities in the suburbs. Last but by no means the least, more economically affordable housing should be built so as to relieve the burden of common citizens.

Only through the joint efforts of all sides can we realize the healthy development of our housing market. Until that time, our people will surely possess their own houses and enjoy a better and more harmonious life.

點評：

該文分爲四段來寫。第一段先描寫兩個人的對話。之後末句引到主題上，即我國的房地產行業。

第二段先寫當前房地產過熱，而後說價格猛漲。在某些大城市裏房價似乎失控——人們無力購房。末句寫創造健康理性的房地產市場成爲了重要問題。

第三段分三點來寫應採取的措施。

最後一段做結，第一句承上段說只有各方通力合作才能實現房地產市場的健康發展。第二句說到那個時候，人們將能擁有自己的房屋並享受更好更和諧的生活。這一句是呼應第一段，非常重要。

心得：

文中real estate industry是“房地產行業”，而property market和housing market指的是房地產市場。

首段末句是引出主題的句子，請大家用心識記。

第二段首句是結果狀語從句的用法。第三句有破折號的用法。第四句中有平行的形容詞比較級的用法，相當精彩。

第三段首句是模板句。第二句中的curb speculation表示“遏制投機”。第三句中的theme communities表示“主題社區”。第四句中的economically affordable housing表示“經濟適用房”。

末段首句是倒裝句，語氣強烈。第二句有兩處平行結構，先有平行的動賓結構，後有形容詞比較級的平行，非常引人注目，特別是後面一對，一個是以er結尾，一個是加more，顯得錯落有致。

Directions 17

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture;

2. interpret the meaning;

3. make your comments.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這道題目比較特殊——圖畫上沒有對話，只有一個忘情彈奏的人，下面有一句極富哲理的話。而提綱中的第二點和第三點分別是闡釋含義和作出評論，而不是具體的指令，這樣寫來難度更大，自由度也更大。

Sample:

As can be seen from the picture, a person is playing the piano—he is so much immersed in the beautiful music that he seems to forget completely what is going on around him. The Chinese characters below the picture say: Writing is like playing the piano—first you must learn to play by the rules, then you must forget the rules and play from your heart. What significant and thought?provoking words they are!

To me, writing is a life?long endeavor: it is often hard and frustrating at the beginning, but it often becomes enjoyable and fruitful as time goes by. First, you have to learn the fundamental knowledge and acquire the simple skills, just as you must know the keys on a piano before you can really produce a whole piece of music. Afterwards, I believe there should a prolonged period of practice, largely characterized by recitation, analysis and imitation. This is the period when we fully understand and deeply appreciate the beauty and excellence of masterpieces. This is also the period when we apply the particular skills of manipulating words, fabricating sentences and creating paragraphs by imitating great writers directly. Finally, when all of this is done, one day we will suddenly forget all those rules and regulations—like a bird flying freely in the sky, we begin to take on our own styles. We can eventually express our ideas, feelings and emotions smoothly—like beautiful notes, words spring out from our hearts one after another, until they merge into a stream or even a river. At that time, we can be sure to say that we begin to understand what writing is.

點評：

這篇文章寫成了兩段而不是三段，是非常特殊的。如果提綱中的第二點和第三點分別是給出原因和解決辦法，就不能這麼寫。

第一段分別描述了忘情彈奏的人和圖下面的一句話，而後末句用了一個感嘆句。

第二段是關鍵段落。首先是總結性的話語。而後以時間爲線索分三個階段來寫。第一個階段只有一句話，用了類比法：你得先學會寫作的基礎知識和簡單技能，就象認識鋼琴上的鍵一樣。第二個階段有三句話，先說這個階段是以背誦、分析和模仿爲特徵的一般較長的練習時期。而後兩句話作進一步說明，這兩句話是平行的：這是我們能夠完全理解和欣賞經典傑作之美的時期，也是我們通過直接模仿大作家來應用具體的詞、句、段的技能的時期。第三個階段共有三句話。首先說當所有這些都完成之後，我們有一天會突然發現自己忘記了所有的規則——就象一隻自由飛翔的鳥兒，我們開始有了自己的風格。而後說我們終於能夠自由地表達思想和情感——就象美妙的樂章一樣，詞從我們的心中噴涌而出，直到匯成小溪或河流。最後一句說，直到那時，我們知道我們開始理解寫作了。最後這句結語舉重若輕，效果卻很強烈，就象米開朗基羅彌留之際說的自己開始懂得一點點繪畫了一樣，看似平淡，卻非常具有震撼力。

心得：

一般說來，哲理性的文章是相當有難度的。本文是一篇以類比來表達深刻道理的文章，這就需要大家先弄清一對事物之間的類比關係，體會其中的妙處，再一步步地深入細緻地進行描述，這是不容易的。請大家仔細研讀範文，必能在這方面有所收穫。

在行文中，不斷地體現開始的這種類比關係，能使主題進一步加強。這在第二段的第一個和第三個時期均有明顯的體現。

Direction18

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture,

2. list the advantages and disadvantages of urbanization;

3. draw your conclusion.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

由於提綱清晰，這篇文章的結構易於把握：先描述圖畫，之後分兩段來說城市化的利與弊，最後下結論。

Sample:

In the picture, we see a newly emerging community: there are supermarkets, schools, banks and hospitals. A resident tells us, “Eight years ago it was still the countryside.” The history of reform and opening?up is the history of rapid economic development; it is also the history of large?scale urbanization of our nation.

I firmly believe that the advantages of urbanization are many. First, when more and more people flood into cities, the city is often becoming bigger and bigger and many people move out of the downtown area and into the suburbs. This trend of urban construction is beneficial to future city development as a whole. Second, it provides more development opportunities for big cities. With more and more people coming to the city, urban development is experiencing a new round of leaping forward.

Urbanization may also bring a series of unfavorable consequences. First, the farmland in the country is shrinking. Second, sometimes, the rural land, rivers and air are polluted. When more and more new factories are set up, the surrounding environment is likely to decay. In my mind, it is not necessarily the result. Finally, the young people who still practice farming are becoming fewer and fewer. Some of them go to big cities to pursue a better life. Some of them stay at home, but begin to do business or work in local factories.

All in all, urbanization brings more benefits than problems. The present society is experiencing great changes—what we should be sure is that we strike a balance between economical development and environmental protection.

點評：

在提綱中出現關鍵詞，是少見的，我們一定要抓住這裏的重要信息。這裏的urbanization即是文章討論的主題。

文章共分四段。首段在描述圖畫後做了小結，巧妙引入本文主題——城市化。第二段與第三段分別談論城市化的利和弊。第二段列舉了城市化的兩個優點。第三段寫了城市化的三個缺點。第四段下結論——城市化的利大於弊。

心得：

該文結構比較簡單，解決了結構問題後，我們就應該在語言上面多下功夫。

首段末句使用平行結構與分號引出本文主題——城市化，非常引人注目。次段第一點中的move out of the downtown area and into the suburbs這一詞組是同一動詞接不同地點狀語的情形。第二點中的With more and more people coming to the city是介詞引導的複合結構。第三段第一點中的shrink表示縮減，用在這裏很妥當。第二點中的decay表示“變壞”。第三點中的pursue表示“追求”。末段的第二句中有破折號的用法。

Direction 19

Study the following table carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the table;

2. give possible reasons for the change;

3. make your comments.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

年份 1999 2000 2001 2002

我國城鎮登記失業人數(萬人) 575 595 681 770

我國城鎮登記失業率(%) 3.1 3.1 3.6 4.0

審題：

這是一道圖表題。在考研的大作文中，近年來出現機率最大的是圖畫題，而圖表題出現的機率就要小一些。與圖畫題相似，圖表題的首段總是要描述圖表。按照這篇文章的提綱，第二段應寫成描寫原因的段落。第三點提綱是給出評論，對於社會問題類的情形，一般寫作解決問題的辦法。最後可有一段做結。

Sample:

As can be seen from the table, the number of registered unemployed persons in urban areas of our nation has increased from 5.75 million in 1999 to 7.7 million in 2002. Accordingly, the registered unemployment rate in urban areas has jumped from 3.1 percent to 4 percent during the same period.

In my mind, the reasons why the unemployment rate of our nation has been on the rise are as follows. First of all, under market economy, private factories and foreign companies take the lead in improving efficiency and lowering the cost—in the due process, cutting the number of employees is always a choice. Furthermore, state?owned enterprises also have been undergoing fundamental changes. The traditional mode of high employment, low salary has largely been reformed to keep pace with the economic take?off. In such a transformation period, some of them fail to meet the needs of the market, and finally go bankrupt, leaving many more people jobless.

To successfully cope with the present problem, several measures should be taken. On the one hand, the government should create more job opportunities by gradually optimizing the industrial structure. On the other hand, the employees should seize every chance to improve personal skills. With higher expertise, they are able to stand up to the challenges of a new job.

Such problems are largely the natural result of the rapid economic development initiated by the reform and opening?up policy. When all of us have the courage to face the challenge and the determination to adapt to the change, a sound solution will not be far away.

點評：

本文分爲四段。第一段描述圖表非常簡潔，將頭尾趨勢描述了出來，每個變量的數據超過三個，所以不必一一描述。

第二段是描述原因的段落，首句是模板句。第一點中的take the lead in improving efficiency and lowering the cost表示“率先提高效率、降低成本”。第二點分三句話，第一句中的state?owned enterprises表示“國有企業”，undergo fundamental changes表示“經歷了根本的變化”。第二句中的the traditional mode of high employment, low salary表示“高就業率、低工資的傳統模式”，the economic take?off表示“經濟騰飛”。第三句中的go bankrupt表示“破產”。

心得：

圖表題出現得較少，變化也比圖畫題少一些。我們應首先熟悉圖表中對於數據變化的描述，而後對全文段落的安排做到心中有數。

Direction 20

Study the following table carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the table;

2. interpret the trend;

3. make your comments.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

指標名稱 1989 1997 2002

每萬人口醫院牀位數(張) 22.8 23.5 23.2

每萬人口醫生數(人) 15.2 16.1 14.7

人均衛生總費用支出(元) 76.7 186.4 442.5

審題：

審題包括兩個部分，一個是讀圖畫或圖表，一個是看提綱。成功的審題就是將兩者有機地結合起來，確定文章的最終佈局。這道題還是屬於圖表題中的表格題，比較特殊。表格中共有三個變量，應該看出來有一個變量，即人均衛生總費用支出是大幅增長的，而另兩個變量，即每萬人口醫院牀位數和每萬人口醫生數，是基本未變的。第一段的工作就是描述這兩個趨勢。第二段中闡釋這一趨勢，就是要重點突出這一對比。第三段做出評論，對於一種不能令人滿意的現狀甚至令人擔憂的社會問題，大多數時候最好的選擇就是寫改進或解決問題的辦法了。

Sample:

From the table we can see clearly that total medical expenses per capita rose from 76.5 yuan in 1989 to 186.4 yuan in 1997 and then to 442.5 yuan in 2002. In the same period, the number of hospital beds every 10,000 people and the number of doctors every 10,000 people stayed at almost the same level.

This table illustrates clearly the discrepancy between the soaring medical expenses and the unsatisfactory hospital facilities. On the one hand, the money spent on medical care has climbed sharply in the past decade. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the medical expense has soared to 7.3 percent of the total expenses of urban residents, and 6.0 of that of rural residents in 2003. On the other hand, the limited scale of hospitals cannot meet the needs of our people. It is true that we have more advanced medical instruments, but the numbers of beds and doctors have changed little over the last decade. We all know that timely medical operation is extremely important in many cases, but how can we ensure it without finding a bed first?

To improve the present situation we have a long way to go. In the first place, we have to standardize medical practices, regulate the drug circulation and perfect the medical care system to bring down the medical expenses. In the second place, we should build more first?class hospitals, expand the scale of present hospitals and turn out more medical talents. If all of these can be accomplished our people will surely receive better medical care and live a happier life.

點評：

本文共分三段。第一段兩句話，第一句話以常見的句型From the table we can see clearly that開始，描寫了人均衛生總費用支出逐年攀升的事實。而第二句以In the same period強勢開頭，描述了其它兩個變量基本不變(stay at almost the same level)的情形，概括性很強。

第二段首句對上面的數字變化進行總結，突出了discrepancy(差異)一詞，一方面是高漲(soar)的醫療費用，另一方面是不能令人滿意的醫院設施，而後分兩方面來說。第一方面分兩句話，先說醫療費用劇烈攀升。而後舉出國家統計局的數字，是醫療費用占城市和農村居民支出的百分比，很有說服力。如果我們沒有確鑿的數據，就不要這樣寫，切忌胡編亂造。另一方面的描述共分三句話，先說醫院有限的規模無法滿足人民的需求。第二句相當於although引導的讓步狀語從句，但是語氣更強一些——我們雖然醫療器械有所改進，但牀位數和醫生數無甚改觀。最後一句話說我們都知道及時的手術很重要，可如果連牀位都沒有怎能保證手術呢?

第三段寫改進的辦法。首句是總括句，說我們任重道遠，而後分兩方面來說。第一方面是說採取措施(規範醫療操作、調控藥品流通和優化醫療保健體系)來降低醫療費用。第二方面是說通過建立更多的一流醫院、擴充現有醫院的規模和培養更多的醫學人才來解決當前的矛盾。最後一句是結語——如果所有這些都能實現，我們的人民一定能接受更好的醫療保健，過上更幸福的生活。

心得：

要想寫好一篇文章，首先是審題——對圖表(圖畫)和提綱所構成的語境的把握一定要準確。其次是具體到段落，在遣詞造句上一定要考究，要多下功夫。平時多積累，多寫作是很重要的，因爲能夠成爲考題的潛在主題不超過兩百個，很多詞、詞組與句型出現的機率更要高得多，所以平時的積累和操練至關重要。

免費考研網

Directions 11

Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the two pictures,

2. give the reasons of such a phenomenon, and

3. list possible solutions.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這篇文章的結構很典型，而選擇的寫法卻很特殊——我們選擇兼顧圖畫所體現的兩方面的問題，即自私和違反規則兩個方面。如果第一段這樣來點明，那麼第二段和第三段均應這樣展開，使文章形成一個有機的整體。

Sample:

In the first picture, two persons are talking loudly in the library as if they were the only persons there. In the second picture, a man is talking happily on the phone in the cinema, while a film is on. From these two pictures, we come across such people who are so selfish as to always think of themselves instead of others on the one hand, and who are so bold as to defy those rules and regulations on the other hand.

Why do they behave in this way? On the one hand, they are brought up in such a way as to take their own interests into consideration whenever anything arises. This may not be the original purpose of parents and teachers, but this is largely the result of today’s education. Children learn from what adults do, not what they say. Years of teaching in class and family may tell them how to do, but hours of real?life practice may be more influential. On the other hand, they are brought up in such a way as not to take rules and regulations seriously. In their belief, rules and regulations only restrain those silly people, and the violation of them can be both exciting and admirable.

To solve this problem, all of us have a long way to go. First, teachers and parents should act in such a way to teach young children to always take others into consideration whenever they take action. Second, the authorities should severely punish anyone who violates rules and regulations. To protect the rights of more people, such punishment is more than necessary.

點評：

第一段先用兩句話描述兩幅圖畫，而後用一句話做總結，用on the one hand和on the other hand將問題的兩個方面清晰地表達了出來。

第二段的首句沒有使用傳統的表示原因的模板句，如The reasons for this phenomenon are twofold / threefold.而是用了一個設問句，使行文顯得生動活潑。之後分兩個方面來說明爲何他們會自私和不遵守規則。

第三段首句是典型的辦法類的模板句。而後分兩方面來說解決問題的辦法，與第一段、第二段嚴格對應。

心得：

這篇文章給我們留下的最大的印象就是前後呼應，三段採用了同樣的結構，這樣讀來自然覺得流暢。

就句子寫作而言，內部突出對比的句子總是給人留下深刻的印象，下面我們就以第二段的第一點爲例來說明。這一點分四句話，後三句都屬於句內表示對比的情形。第二句話一針見血——這不一定是父母和老師的初衷，但卻是今天教育的結果。大家自然要想，爲何結果偏離了初衷呢?下面接着說，孩子們學的是大人的做法，而不是說法。這句話簡練、深刻。下面一句最爲精彩，多年的學校和家庭教育告訴他們如何去做，而數小時的實踐可能更加有影響力。這明確地說明，只有投入了真實的生活之中，孩子們才能真正有所體會，才能真正成長。沒有真實生活的洗禮，孩子們又怎能瞭解人生的真理，怎能爲他人考慮呢?

好的句子是深入思索(思想方面)和不斷練習(語言方面)相結合的結果，只要我們不懈努力，總有達到“何意百鍊鋼，化爲繞指柔”的那一天。

Directions 12

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture,

2. interpret their meaning, and

3. make your comment on this phenomenon.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這篇文章配的圖很簡單，而意義卻是深刻的。提綱的第二部分和第三部分分別是闡釋含義和做出評論，我們可以分成三塊來寫：提出問題——從兩方面分析——下結論。這樣文章包含開始描述圖畫的部分就有了四個部分。

筆記本電腦可以寫作laptop computer, portable computer, notebook computer, notebook PC，在文中應替換使用。

Sample:

In the above picture a university student is phoning his mother, “In order to make progress in my study, I want to buy a laptop computer.”

Is a laptop computer indispensable? Does a laptop computer mean greater possibility of academic excellence? Does a student without a laptop computer have no chance of success? It is obvious that the drawer wants all of us to think deeply before providing the answer. To reach a reasonable conclusion, we should analyze this problem from two perspectives.

On the one hand, we cannot guarantee that the student will use the portable computer solely for study?related purposes. Most of them have not lived independently, so they do not know how hard it is to make a living. Once they have the computer at hand, those students who lack selfcontrol may be indulged in computer games or online chatting, which will waste their time and affect their health.

On the other hand, a student without a notebook computer can also be a top student. Sometimes students do need computers to finish assignments, and the computer rooms on campus can often meet that purpose. For those students whose majors call for frequent use of computers, they also can buy the desktop one, which is much cheaper.

After careful consideration, we should say that the luxurious learning equipment such as a laptop computer is not necessary unless the parents can easily afford it and the student uses it only to facilitate his work and study.

點評：

大家可能會問：出題人是讓我們就題論題寫筆記本電腦呢，還是推衍開去泛泛而論這樣的奢侈類學習用品呢?在這裏我們寫成兩種情形都是可以的，範文中是先就筆記本電腦展開提問和思索，最後做結時用了“諸如筆記本電腦的奢侈型學習用品”的字眼。

文章共分五段。第一段描述圖畫，非常簡潔。第二段連問了三個問題：筆記本電腦必不可少嗎?它一定會推動學業進步嗎?沒有就學不好嗎?第一個問題是核心，包含了後面兩個問題。之後的兩句話是過渡句，起承上啓下的作用。第三段和第四段分別回答上面的後兩個問題，均得到了否定的答案。而最後一段下結論直接呼應了第一個問題——說明筆記本電腦不是必需的，只有同時符合兩個條件時，筆記本電腦纔是有益的。

心得：

第二段的連續提問很有震撼力——爲了能在考試中運用出豐富多彩的語言表達方式，平時多積累、多練習是很關鍵的。

第三段是寫有了手提電腦後不一定會學習。下面分兩句來寫，先寫原因，後寫結果。由於不知道賺錢的艱辛，所以缺乏自制力的學生很可能沉迷於電腦遊戲或網絡聊天。

第四段寫沒有手提電腦也可以成爲優等生。的確需要電腦時，可以去機房。個別確實需要常用電腦的學生，可以購買便宜得多的臺式機。

最後一段非常精彩，說只有兩個條件齊備，象手提電腦這樣的學習用品才能發揮作用。這兩個條件就是家庭承受得起和學生將之用於學習與工作的目的。

文章中有許多優秀的詞組與句型，下面以第三段爲例，希望大家用心識記。該段第一句中的guarantee表示“保證”，ly for study?related purposes表示“只用於學習相關的目的”，是個很地道的表達方式。第二句比較難以表達，如果這樣寫就不嚴謹：They have not earned money, so they do not know how hard it is to make a living.建議改作範文中的寫法，或者：Most of them have not lived on their own, so they do not know how hard it is to earn money.

寫作中的推敲琢磨很重要，我們一邊學習、模仿別人的文章，磨礪、比較自己的寫法，這樣就一定能獲得進步。第三句使用了once引導的時間狀語從句，使得時間接續非常緊密，而後使用at hand表示“得到”，非常精妙，遠勝於普通的寫法：Once they have bought the computer, ...句中使用定語從句who lack self?control是嚴謹的寫法，因爲並不是所有的學生都會沉湎於壞習慣中。後面的be indulged in表示“沉湎於”，句子最後使用了非限制性定語從句，分兩個方面說明危害。

Directions 13

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture,

2. point out the reasons for this phenomenon,and

3. suggest possible solutions.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

我們拿到題目後，首先要分析圖畫和提綱所構成的語境。對於全體考生來說，一個圖畫可能有不止一種含義，不同的寫法都是可行的，都可能得高分，如2004年考研作文“溫室裏的花朵經不起風雨”就既可寫孩子教育問題，也可以寫入世後的部分中國企業的情況。但是對有些圖畫來說，有的理解就肯定是錯誤的，如2005年的考研，寫成老年人加強體育鍛煉的問題，就是不行的。對於大家來說，一定要加強審題的能力，平時多看多想，考試中就會水到渠成。

這篇文章分爲三段。第一段是描述圖畫，第二段在引入主題後。

Sample:

In the above picture, a mother is seeing her son off at a railway station. It is most likely that the son is traveling by himself for the first time. We are most surprised to notice what the mother says: “My son, all of the people on the train are vicious, so be careful to protect yourself.”

Although this mother is radical to some extent, this picture reflects a worrying social problem—loss of social trust. Three reasons, in my belief, can account for the current phenomenon. First, when economy develops quickly and resources become more and more limited, social competition will become more and more fierce, and people will concentrate on the protection of personal interests. Second, the present education puts emphasis on knowledge and skills instead of morality and ethics. Last but not the least, sometimes the mass media play a negative role in focusing on the dark side of society, such as murder and robbery.

It is high time that we called on the efforts from all sides to solve this problem quickly and effectively. In the first place, teachers and parents should try their best to cultivate love, affection and unselfishness in the hearts of adolescents. In the second place, the government, with the help of the mass media, should play a dominant role in the making of a harmonious society. When every one of us participates in this campaign, the restoration of mutual trust will not be far away.

點評：

這篇文章首段先描述圖畫，第二段開頭做了一個關鍵性的工作——確定本文章的主題。這個主題是由圖畫所決定的，也是根據提綱展開文章的基礎。然後分三點來說明該問題的原因。第三段分兩點來說明解決問題的辦法。

心得：

文章沒有第四段，這主要是由於第三段的最後一句帶有結論性，是個非常成功的句子，亦可以寫成：

When every one of us participates in this campaign, the dream of the restoration of mutual trust will be realized in the near future.

Directions 14

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture,

2. point out the reasons for this phenomenon,and

3. suggest possible solutions.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

我們看了圖畫與提綱之後，對於這種文章的結構已經非常熟悉了。文章分爲四段來寫，描述圖畫——說明原因——提出解決辦法——下結論。

Sample:

In the above picture, a student has got 68 in an examination, but he asks the teacher to give him 80, for he wants to get the title of an excellent student. Looking at the picture, we can’t help thinking of the more and more serious phenomenon of students’ going to the teacher directly for higher grades.

Schools are places where students learn knowledge and acquire skills, but some students never devote themselves to such an arduous yet enjoyable process. When the examination season arrives, they are busy searching for various methods to get satisfactory grades. Some stay up late to memorize as much knowledge as possible. Some even cheat in examinations in order to win ideal marks. Others go directly to the teachers, begging them to let them pass. In extreme cases, some students tell the teachers directly that they need a certain mark for a certain purpose.

Such practices deprive national education of fairness and dignity. To prevent them from spreading, teachers should first of all take on their responsibilities. They should reject such students firmly and directly. If the students continue disturbing them with their unreasonable requests, the teachers should report to the school authorities. On this occasion, the school authorities should severely punish these students and those who help them in the efforts.

If young students are used to achieving personal goals through unjust methods, when can we stop worrying about their future?

點評：

文章的第一段，由於一句話就描述了圖表，所以第二句話可以對這個現象進行小結。而最後一段是總結性的段落，這一段只有一句話，採用了條件狀語從句加反問句的模式，給人留下了非常深刻的印象。此段話還將第一段第二句話的小結做了進一步提煉，總結是“以不正當的方法來達到個人目的”，相當準確。

原因段落和辦法段落均沒有采用最常見的分兩點或三點來說的方法。第二段寫原因，前兩句描述一些學生不好好學習，一到考試的時候就找各種各樣的方法來得到滿意的分數。而後採用排比句分成幾類學生來寫。最後一句話是聚焦第三類學生，進一步來說明——在某些極端的情況下，有些學生直接告訴老師自己需要多少分，以達到某個目的。

第三段首句一針見血地點出了這種做法的危害。而後將重點落在教師身上，具體講教師該怎麼做。之後補充寫了校方的正確做法。

心得：

首先對於圖畫的小結(總結出寓意或主題)可以放在第一段後面或第二段開頭。

原因段落和辦法段落均可以不採用傳統的分類法，而採用層層遞進的方法來寫。

最後一段使用了由條件狀語從句和疑問句構成的經典複合句做結，還要給人留下了深刻的印象。

Directions15

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture;

2. give your comment;

3. suggest possible solutions.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這篇文章的結構與我們前面所學的稍有不同，主要是第二個段落，這個段落不是要求寫原因，而是要給出自己的評論。對於本文來說，就是對算命這一事件給出自己的看法。

Sample:

In the above picture, a student goes to a fortune teller to ask whether she will succeed or not in the coming College Entrance Examination. It is obvious that the drawer wishes all of us to ponder over this social phenomenon, which is becoming more and more common nowadays.

I myself see no point in going to a fortune teller. First, life is always full of accidents and coincidences, and how can the fortune teller know a person’s life route exactly? Second, if we knew our fortune and believed it, we would only wait for it to happen—when life is deprived of challenges and surprises, is it still worth living?

To eliminate fortune tellers we have to persuade people not to go to them any longer. To begin with, we should explain why fortune telling is unreliable, and why finding a forture teller is a waste of time and energy. What’s more important, we should help people understand that everyone is the architect of his own future—only through diligence and persistence can he realize his dreams.

The meaning of life lies largely in the process of struggle and endurance. We have to improve our education to help young people fight for their ideals so as to forget fortune telling.

點評：

該文共分爲四段來寫作。第一段分爲兩句，第一句對圖畫進行描述——可以用直接引語，也可以用間接引語，其中直接引語更爲常見。而後一句是承上啓下的過渡句。

第二段首句表達了對該現象否定的態度，而後分爲兩個方面來說，各有一句話。第一句話是個並列句，後半部分使用了反問句。第二句話很複雜，前面是條件狀語從句，使用了虛擬語氣描述了與現實相反的情形，而後創造性地使用了破折號表示遞進，而後是時間狀語從句加上反問句，效果非常強烈——當人生失去了挑戰和驚奇，它還值得活嗎?

第三段提出了消除這一現象的辦法，分爲兩個方面。

最後一段下結論，分兩句話。第一句話說明了一條永恆的真理——生命的意義很大程度上在於奮鬥和忍耐的過程，第二句話引到本文主題上——只有我們提高教育幫助年輕人爲自己的理想而奮鬥才能使他們忘記算命。

心得：

我們發現在範文中句子的複雜程度較高，包含了較多的並列句和複合句，即使是簡單句，有的也很複雜。下面以第三段爲例來說明。該段第二句是個並列句，句中有兩個由疑問詞why引導的賓語從句。第三句前半部分的賓語從句中是一句頗具哲理的諺語，後面使用了破折號，之後是個only引導的倒裝句。

免費考研網

Directions 6

Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the two pictures,

2. interpret their meaning, and

3. point out the consequences for this phenomenon.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

在寫作中，審題這個環節是非常重要的。在圖畫作文中，我們不僅要仔細審視圖畫，而且還應將英文的提綱看清楚。這篇文章配了雙圖，雙圖多是表示對比關係，這裏是凸顯時間的先後。提綱包括三個部分：描寫圖畫、闡釋含義和指出後果，這就決定了我們文章的結構走向。

Sample:

Two pictures above describe a story which we would never wish to encounter. In the first one, a large crowd gathered around a man lying on the ground. One person said, “He seems to be drunk.” Another whispered, “His head and hands seem to be bleeding.” In the second picture, a policeman is asking those who were present, “Why didn’t send him to hospital?” The first one said, “I was hurrying to work.” The second one said, “I was hurrying to school.”

It is quite obvious that the drawer wishes to draw our attention to this most unfavorable social phenomenon. Many people are used to finding all kinds of excuses to shirk their responsibilities of helping those who are in need of help. In their eyes, their own daily businesses are always more important than those of the strangers, even their lives.

This phenomenon will bring a series of harmful consequences. First, when people refuse to take care of the strangers, the danger of accidents will be much higher, because you have only a small group of people to rely on whenever emergency arises. Everyone may come across accidents from time to time, and mutual help will prevent most of them from being destructive. Second, the possibility of attaining a happy life will be much smaller. If everyone only takes his own interests into consideration in face of big events, the society will be full of selfish people. The social cost of achieving success will remain high before cooperation becomes a habit.

If any one of us wants to enjoy a happy and secure life, we have to be prepared to extend our helping hands to others including strangers, for helping others is equal to helping ourselves.

點評：

這篇文章最終寫成了四段，結構非常清晰。第一段分別描寫了兩副圖畫，語言簡潔流暢。注意這一段不宜過長。

第二段是測度作者的意圖，共三句話，第一句是一個經典句型：It is quite obvious that the drawer wishes to draw our attention to... 這句話直指圖畫所揭示的社會現象，後面兩句來具體說明：先說許多人千方百計找理由以逃避幫助他人;然後解釋原因，他們認爲……注意段中句子之間的邏輯關係，這是非常重要的。

第三段寫了該現象引起的有害的後果，該段的首句是個經典的模板句，後分兩點來說明。第一點說明當人們不願意幫助他人時，事故所造成的危險就會大得多，因爲那樣的話每個人能依靠的人(即親人和朋友)是非常有限的。這一點的第二句話是個難句，展現了很強的句子內部的邏輯，希望大家用心學習。這句話的意思是：每個人都會遇到事故，而相互幫助可以避免大部分的事故造成毀滅性的後果。到這裏，我們可以看出，思想是由語言表達的，要想深刻地表達思想，一定要多模仿、多操練。第二點是從更廣闊的角度去考慮問題，說明獲得幸福生活的可能性減小了。社會充滿了自私的人們，獲得成功的社會成本陡增。

末段是結語——如果我們想要享受幸福的生活，我們應向他人(包括陌生人)伸出援手。

第二段的第二句中的shirk one?s responsibility表示“逃避責任”。第三段第二句的emergency表示“緊急情況”。第三句的destructive表示“造成重大損害的”。第五句的in face of表示“面臨”。最後一句的cooperation becomes a habit表示“合作成爲一種習慣”。

心得：

1.文章的結構層次一定要清楚，這是充分理解提綱與圖畫構成語境的結果。

2.學習寫作主從複合句，充分理解句子內部的邏輯關係。通過本文，重點學習條件狀語從句。

典型的條件狀語從句：If everyone only takes his own interests into consideration in face of big events, the society will be full of selfish people.

嵌套原因狀語從句的條件狀語從句：If any one of us wants to enjoy a happy and secure life, we have to be prepared to extend our helping hands to others including strangers, for helping others is equal to helping ourselves.

Directions 7

Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the two pictures,

2. interpret their meaning, and

3. point out the consequences for this phenomenon.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

提綱包含了三個部分，這篇文章可以分爲四段來寫，其中末段是結語。真實寫作中前三段可以與提綱有明顯的對應關係，這樣的安排思路清晰，易於把握。

Sample:

In the pictures, we see clearly a person who claims to begin his grand scheme tomorrow. In the first picture, he claims that he will begin tomorrow because he is not yet well prepared today. In the second picture, when tomorrow really comes, he again says he will begin later because he is not feeling well at the moment.

What can we say at seeing such pictures? We can always find excuses for our mistakes, failures and inaction, but how can we make real progress in our life? We will never ever grow up if we keep on finding excuses instead of looking directly into the matter, analyzing the situation objectively and taking action as soon as possible.

Delay has a lot of bad consequences. In many cases, we will lose the chance to succeed forever. Time is limited, and so are youth and enthusiasm. When we form a plan, we should always try our best to put it into practice immediately. We should not worry about failure, because we can always learn from it. Only if we keep on trying and never stop, will we make progress and eventually turn our dream into reality.

The important thing in life is to have a great aim and the determination to attain it. Without action, a great aim will be nothing more than a castle in the air.

點評：

第一段分別描述了兩幅圖畫，獨特之處在於首先將兩副圖畫的共同之處提取出來——描寫一個人說明天就要開始宏偉的計劃，而後分別描述兩副圖畫的不同之處——這樣做的好處是使段落的條理清晰。

第二段的首句使用了設問句，一下子引起了讀者的興趣，而後自己給出答案——我們總是能爲錯誤、失敗和無行動找到理由，可是我們又怎能取得進步呢?這個句子中使用了平行的名詞和反問句，效果強烈，非常引人注目。該段第三句進一步說明，使用instead of強化了對比關係——如果一直尋找藉口而不是直接查清事實、客觀分析情況和儘快採取行動的話，我們永遠也無法成長。注意句中否定意義的表達：

We will not grow up if...

We will never grow up if...

We will never ever grow up if...

在上述三種表達方式中，我們可以看出，最後一種不僅語氣強烈，而且極富韻律。

第三段先說了拖延的壞處，而後說了我們正確的做法。

最後一段做結，共兩句話。第一句是引用了歌德的名言，而第二句是反過來說——如果沒有行動，偉大的目標就只能是空中樓閣。

心得：

要想寫好文章，就要先寫好句子，再寫好段落。文章大的結構的確定是不難的，關鍵是寫好單個的句子後再將它們有機地組成完美流暢的段落。

第三段就是一個好的例子，這一段分成兩個部分，各有三句話，有機地結合在了一起。第一句先是講拖延有很多壞處，第二句直接解釋第一句——在很多情況下，我們就永遠失去了成功的機會。注意這句話的寫法，首先，使用in many cases表示“在很多情況下”，顯得客觀，因爲不是所有的情形均是如此。其次，使用forever表示“永遠”，加強了語氣，並且恰如其分地指出了人生的悲愴，點出了韶華易逝的真諦。第三句是對第二句的補充說明——時間是有限的，青春和激情也是如此(句子的後部使用了倒裝)。第四句筆鋒一轉，說明我們一旦有了計劃，應當全力以赴立即將其付諸實踐，注意這裏使用了immediately，是反過來與該段的第一句話進行呼應。第五句說明我們不該擔心失敗，因爲我們總能從中學到東西。末句是以only開頭的倒裝句，說明行動和結果之間的關係，語氣很強。

Directions 8

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture,

2. interpret their meaning, and

3. make your comment.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這篇文章的提綱與2002真題類似，屬於最晦澀的一種，但是經過仔細分析後，我們將發現文章結構並不難把握，一種好的選擇是——第一段描述圖畫，第二段對繪畫者的意圖進行推測，第三段對第二段做進一步說明，第四段下結論。

這裏面至關重要的是第二段與第三段的關係。通常的情況是前一段就事論事或泛泛而論，後一段進行概括總結、提煉昇華。

Sample:

This picture sets me thinking for a long time. The parents themselves are playing mahjong, but they are telling their little child loudly: “Work hard. Don’t let us down.”

The drawer reminds us of a common social phenomenon. Nowadays, more and more parents wish children to study hard in order to embrace a brilliant future, but many of them do not know how to turn this dream into reality. We come across many parents who ask their children to attend all kinds of training classes, but is it that important in the making of a good student and later a successful person?

What is really important, according to the drawer, should be something else. That is the environment created by the parents and felt by the child. How can a child grow up into a scientist who loves research when the noise of playing mahjong is always there? Actions always speak louder than words. If parents turn off TV and family cinema, stop all noisy games and get down to reading quietly, the positive impact on the child will be considerable. In the years to come, the child will gradually learn concentration, which is an essential part of the learning process.

Across the nation, parents are investing more and more money on the education of their child. If they have a closer look on the learning process, they will know what is important is often how they behave, not how much money they spend.

點評：

首段的描述非常簡潔，與衆不同的是第一句話——這兩副畫讓我思忖良久。

第二段的首句是一個常用的模板句，非常有效。第二句話說許多家長望子成龍，卻不知如何實現這個期望。而後舉了一個例子，許多家長讓孩子參加這樣那樣的培訓班，但是這在孩子成材的過程中就那麼重要嗎?

第三段是文章的關鍵段落。該段首句是過渡句，引出了下面的關鍵句子——重要的是環境，是父母創造孩子感知的環境。而後使用反問句——當一直有麻將聲時，一個孩子怎樣能成長爲熱愛研究的科學家呢?而後使用諺語——行勝於言。如果父母關掉電視，開始讀書，對孩子的正面影響將是巨大的。最後說在以後的數年中，孩子將會逐漸學會集中精力。

最後一段做結，分兩句。第一句寫父母大量投資在孩子的教育上面。第二句表示遞進，如果父母仔細審視學習的過程，那麼他們將知道，重要的是他們的行爲，而不是投入的錢。

心得：

句子中的好的用法一定要日積月累，這很重要。第三段的首句中有插入語的用法。第二句有名詞由兩個平行的過去分詞短語修飾的用法。第三句中的when the noise of playing mahjong is always there是個精彩用法，表示“一直有噪音”，如果說沒有噪音，可以說when the noise is down。第四句是個諺語，需要平時積累，注意使用時務求準確。第五句在條件狀語從句中，有平行的動賓結構。本段最後一句中in the years to come是個好詞組，表示“在將要到來的數年中”，之後有非限制性定語從句的用法。

Directions 9

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture,

2. point out the reasons for this phenomenon, and

3. give possible solutions.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這篇文章的提綱是圖畫作文另一種非常典型的提綱，在描述圖畫後分別給出該現象(或問題)的原因及其解決辦法。這裏在提綱中雖沒有出現interpret the meaning(闡釋含義)的字樣，實際上這個步驟是不可少的，但可以做得極爲簡潔。

Sample:

In this picture we are surprised to see a group of fat children who want to lose weight at a dieting center. We can’t help asking such a question: why are there so many over?weighted young children in present society?

In my belief, many reasons contribute to this undesirable result, but three of them play the dominant role. In the first place, with the development of national economy, people’s living level becomes higher and higher. Grandparents and parents devote all their love to the young children, who consequently often take in much more nutrition than necessary. In the second place, more and more young boys and girls are even addicted to foreign snacks, which contain too much fat and thus do great harm to the heart and the vessels. Last but by no means the least, pressure from teachers, parents and the whole society often leaves little time for small children to take part in physical exercises.

To solve this worrying problem, all of us should take immediate and effective measures. First, a balanced and healthy diet is often the most important factor in the making of a strong body. In this aspect, teachers and parents should do their jobs. Second, exercises should become part of their daily life—once children get used to sports, they will find it not only beneficial but also interesting.

All of us have realized the children are the future of our nation, and we should also realize that healthy minds always dwell in healthy bodies. To fulfill this goal, all of us should work hard.

點評：

該文章仍然是四個段落。第一段非常引人注目，只用了一句話便完成了對圖畫的描寫，還加入了表達作者心情的部分(be surprised to see)。段落中的第二句話非常關鍵，是將圖畫總結爲一個大家都該來關注的社會問題——兒童的肥胖問題。第二句話的作用相當於對畫圖人意圖的測度，只不過由於提綱的要求，這裏沒有單獨成段，而是放到了第一段。

第二段與第三段嚴格按照提綱來寫，分別寫原因和解決辦法，段落的首句都是非常精彩的模板句。第二段首句的寫法請大家用心揣摩——既顯得全面(句子的前半部分)，又不失重點(句子的後半部分)。該段之後分爲三點來寫，第一點兩句話由淺入深，脈絡清晰。先寫隨着國民經濟的發展，人民生活水平提高了——這句話是常常用到的經典句子，大家應熟練掌握。然後寫祖父母和父母將愛都傾注在孩子們身上，導致孩子們常常營養過剩。該句中大家應首先掌握非限制性定語從句的寫法，該從句的拓展性非常好，能避免連寫句(run?on sentence)這樣的常見錯誤。之後大家應學習詞組...和more than necessary的用法。第二點講越來越多的孩子沉溺於洋快餐。注意句中be addicted to和非限制性定語從句的用法。句中有一個難詞thus(副詞)，這裏表示結果。第三點講述了孩子缺乏鍛鍊的原因——該句使用了特殊的句型結構，有助於我們拓展思路，注意學習leave little/no time for someone to do something的結構。

第三段分兩點來說解決問題的辦法。第一點說平衡健康的飲食是至關重要的，這句話中的making是個閃光點，表示“造就……的過程”。後面一句中的do one?s jobs等於take on one?s responsibility。第二點中使用了破折號，後面是時間狀語從句，注意get used to(習慣於)和not also...的用法。句子中出現了part的用法，注意這裏不能加冠詞，否則不僅不能加分，還要扣分。再舉一例，大家細細體會：

Learn the phrase by heart until it becomes part of you.

這是表達效果很強的用法，文中的句子表示體育鍛煉應成爲他們日常生活的一部分，意思是成爲了一種習慣。上面這句話表示將該詞組熟記以至於永遠熟練掌握。

最後一段使用了強勢的推導方式，先找到對方(讀者)認同的基本觀點(孩子是國家的未來)，而後推導出文中的重要觀點(健康的心靈存在於健康的體魄)。第二句將目的狀語放在句首，我們要做的工作放在後面，非常簡潔。

心得：

對提綱的把握非常關鍵，我們應該做到看到提綱後立即對文章全文的構造有個全面的想法。

末段呼應前文的方式多種多樣，不一定是嚴格地將文章中所述的思想再簡單地重複一遍。

對於文章中的詞組和句型，好的學習方法是將它們摘錄下來，反覆地進行多感官操練(眼、耳、口、手、心並用)，這樣我們的學習效率就能大大提高了。

Directions 10

Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the pictures,

2. point out the reasons for this phenomenon, and

3. give possible solutions.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這篇文章的結構很清晰，可分爲三段來寫，分別是描述圖畫、說明原因和給出解決辦法。

Sample:

In the first picture, a beggar says, “Have pity on me,please. I am old. I am blind.” In the second picture, he is eating to his heart’s content in a big restaurant. He tells the waiter, “Another fish, please.” We can say he is in fact a man with bright eyes.

These two pictures remind us of such a group of people who don’t want to work to earn a living. Instead, they disguise themselves as beggars to make easy money. The reason for this phenomenon is rather obvious. In such a society full of competitions, some people do not want to use their own hands to make a fortune. They also can not bear a poor life, so they make such a shameful choice.

To solve this problem, the government and the common people should join their hands. On the one hand, the government should issue policies to take care of those people who are really in need of help. Those fake beggars should be educated and punished in order that they give up begging and live a decent life. On the other hand, common citizens should also extend helping hands. They should report such made?up beggars to the police as soon as possible. If they can help such people learn skills, find jobs and live a normal life, it should be much better.

點評：

首段描述了兩幅圖畫。

次段的前兩句對圖畫所描述的羣體做了總結——第一句話同時使用了...和who引導的定語從句，是個很好的模板句。第二句話以instead開頭，凸顯了對比。此句中有disguise oneself as(僞裝爲)和make easy money(輕鬆賺錢)兩個詞組，大家注意識記。之後對該現象做出瞭解釋。

第三段給出瞭解決辦法，從政府和公民兩方面來說(段首的模板句清晰地表明瞭這一點)，非常有條理。

心得：

首段的描述中要將兩幅圖畫的對比描述出來。次段的圖畫總結和原因闡述採用了幾乎相同的推導方式(不想工作——僞裝騙錢;不想用辛勤勞動致富——做出了可恥的選擇)，看來有呼應之感覺。末段結構的層次感是由模板句奠定下來的，讀來輕鬆流暢。

免費考研網

Directions1

Study the following pictures carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the two pictures,

2. interpret their meaning, and

3. point out the reasons for such phenomenon.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

這道題包含兩幅對比鮮明的圖畫，指令要求在描述圖畫後闡明含義並給出該現象的原因。我們應該這樣來構造全文：第一段描述圖畫;第二段發表自己對圖畫的看法;第三段給出該現象的原因;第四段下結論，簡要提出解決問題的辦法。經過學習之後，大家就會知道這是一個極爲重要的模式，請大家用心掌握。

Sample:

As is depicted by the two pictures, a sharp contrast is shaped between the parents and the son. In the left drawing, the parents are working hard in the field, bending over and sweating heavily. Near them is a basket with very simple food in it. However, in the right drawing, their son is squandering the money on luxurious food and chatting on mobile phone.

How pitiful the parents are! They spare no efforts to earn money in order to support their son’s study and life in university. They seem to be willing to do everything that is helpful to their beloved son. But, in return, the son spends the money as he likes without knowing how hard his parents work for it and how he should use it to better prepare himself for future career.

In my opinion, the reasons for this phenomenon come down to one essential point—failure of both family and school education. For one thing, quite a lot of Chinese parents spoil their children. All parents’ love for children is the same, but different is the way of showing it. Many parents hope too much that their children will have a bright future, which, in their eyes, means key universities, hot majors, good salaries and so on. So they try their best to satisfy the children’s demands instead of teaching them to struggle for future with their own hands. For another, centered on exam marks, the school education also fails, to a large extent, to impart moral standards to the children, especially the conception of self?reliance and hard struggle.

In a word, to change the phenomenon described by the above pictures, a reform in our current education system is not only necessary but urgent.

點評：

第一段的重點是在描述時突出兩幅圖畫之間強烈的反差，所以這裏專門加上了第一句話。這一段在用詞上也很考究。第二段強烈地表達了自己的感想。首句使用了感嘆句。而後先說父母竭盡全力掙錢供孩子讀書，後說孩子不知父母辛苦，不懂得如何正確利用父母的血汗錢。第三段給出了該現象的原因——家庭和學校教育的失敗，而後分爲兩方面來說，結構極爲清晰。最後一段只有一句話，擲地有聲——要想改變現狀，只能改革當前的教育體系。

心得：

全文一氣呵成，讀來倍感暢快。從描述圖畫，到發表評論，到給出原因，再到解決辦法，可謂渾然一體。既有全局的考慮，又有細微處語言的運用，該文值得大家細細品味。

Directions 2

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the picture, and

2. point out the reasons why more and more foreigners like to live in China.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

《西湖晨景》該題目非常簡潔，在提綱中已給出文章的主題，即越來越多的外國人喜愛在中國生活——在描述圖畫後，給出原因即可。

Sample:

What an attractive scene it is! On such a peaceful and beautiful morning by West Lake, a middle?aged foreigner is jogging—he is enjoying the fresh air, cool breeze and charming scenery. From this picture, we can see clearly that the foreigner enjoys life in this Chinese city, Hangzhou.

As a matter of fact, in the past few years, more and more foreigners have chosen to live in China. Some work here, some pursue their study in universities and even some join volunteer activities in China. The reasons why more and more foreigners like to live in China can be listed as follows. To begin with, since China’s reform and opening?up in 1978, our country has witnessed great progress in nearly all aspects of the society, especially in economy, which provides a far better environment of working, investing and studying for foreigners. Second, economic globalization has made cultural blending possible and necessary. Foreigners have come to know more and more about Chinese culture and become influenced by it, which has formed the important basis of their living in China. Last but not the least, it is obvious that with every effort we have made in environmental protection, our country has become a place more and more suitable and pleasant to live in.

In my opinion, the arrival of foreigners brings more chances and opportunities of economic development. So why not seize such chances to embrace our bright future?

點評：

第一段描述圖畫。這一段寫得非常精彩，先以感嘆句開頭，而後描述圖畫，最後小結——這位外國人喜愛在杭州的生活。

第二段前兩句總結了外國人來我國的現象。第三句是原因類的模板句，而後分三點來說：第一點是說改革開放後我國經濟發展迅速，給外國人提供了很好的工作、投資和學習環境;第二點是說經濟全球化促進文化融合——外國人對中國文化了解更多，這構成了他們在中國生活的重要基礎;第三點是說環境保護效果顯著，居住條件自然改善了。

最後一段說外國人的到來帶到了更多的經濟發展的機會，所以爲什麼不抓住這些機會來擁抱我們美好的明天呢?

心得：

要寫出好文章，首先要對文章的基本結構非常熟悉，而後再做出一些變化，這些變化通常就是亮點。比如第一段先使用了一個感嘆句，立即吸引了讀者的注意力。第三段第二句使用了反問句，效果非常強烈。

Directions 3

Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the drawing,

2. analyze the reasons why it is difficult for university graduates to find a job, and

3. point out the possible ways to solve the problem.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

審題：

《招員工七名》 這篇文章關注的是當前重要的就業難問題。它的要求非常明確，在描述圖畫後，先給出原因，再給出解決辦法，這是非常常見的文章模式。

Sample:

The recruiting fair in the above drawing is filled with young graduates each holding a pile of resumes in their hands. Around a desk in the front of the drawing, there are dozens of students waiting to hand in their resumes but only seven are wanted by the company as is written on a board beside the desk.

It is clear that the drawer wants to draw our attention to the difficulty that today’s university graduates are faced with in finding a job. In fact, in many universities and colleges, the employment rate of graduates is lower than 50% and much fewer can find a satisfactory job. The reasons for this situation can be listed as follows. In the first place, the enrolment expansion of universities and colleges has resulted in a great increase in the number of graduates every year, which has exceeded the increase in positions in the job market. What makes things worse is that quite a lot of students like to choose those hot majors when they enter the university and to look for jobs in big developed cities when they graduate. So it is even more difficult for them to find a suitable job.

From my point of view, the society and the graduates need to join their hands in the endeavor to solve this problem. On the one hand, the society should continue to focus on economic development so as to provide bigger employment chances for the graduates. On the other hand, the students should choose the majors that they are really interested in and well capable of and broaden their horizon when looking for jobs. Only in this way can they gain larger space for their future career.

點評：

該文分爲三段，第一段描述圖畫，第二段對此問題進行了小結，而後給出了原因。第三段提出瞭解決問題的辦法。

第一段共用兩句話，第一句是遠景，第二句由遠及近，展示了求職者之多與實際招聘人數之少。第二段共分六句話，前兩句總結了大學畢業生就業難這一情況，第三句話是原因類的模板句。第四句話說擴招帶來的影響。第五句話和第六句話說大學生選擇熱門的專業，使就業難的矛盾更加突出。第三段共分四句話，第一句話是總括句，說社會和畢業生應攜起手來解決問題，而後分兩句話分別說明。最後一句話是總結，使用了語氣強烈的倒裝句。

心得：

這是常考的模式，望大家用心學習。

Directions 4

Study the following table carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. describe the table,

2. suggest possible solutions to the problem of the heavy burden of university tuition in China.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

國家 大學年平均學費 國民人均年收入 比值

美國 4，700美元 35，000美元 1/8

英國 1，500英鎊 15，000英鎊 1/10

中國 7，500元 7，500元 1

審題：

在審題的環節中，我們應當將讀圖表(圖畫)和看提綱有機地結合起來。有的時候，提綱中會把文章的主題直接給出來，這時我們文章的整體佈局就會容易得多。在這道題的提綱中，就出現了“中國大學學費負擔沉重的問題”的字樣，這就是該文的主題，我們的文章應該圍繞它展開。

Sample:

From the above table we can see that in America and Britain the ratio of average annual tuition of universities to gross national income per capita is about 1 to 10, but astonishingly that in China is 1. That is to say, the burden of university tuition on Chinese families is nearly ten times heavier than that on American or British families. As a matter of fact, most Chinese families feel it difficult to afford the high tuition of their children, and some absolutely cannot afford it, which has received more and more concern from all over the country.

In order to solve this problem, I strongly suggest the following solutions. First and foremost, it is a must to reduce the cost of higher education. We need to cut down the staff in universities, most of whom now have a disproportionately large number of administrators. The now widespread corruption should also be eliminated in universities, such as unnecessary tours and banquets at public expense. Moreover, much importance should be attached to the reform of management system of higher education. The national government should not only increase financial investment in higher education but also optimize the distribution of such money.

To sum up, it is high time to pay enough attention to the problem of the heavy burden of university tuition in our country, and to solve it a comprehensive educational reform is essential.

點評：

該文共分三段，第一段是描述表格，第二段是給出解決辦法，第三段是總結。

第一段是對錶格進行描述——這時我們不一定要把每個數據都描述出來，而是要抓住問題的關鍵。這個表格的關鍵就是體現我國大學學費太高，依據就是學費與國民人均年收入之比。美國與英國處於差不多的水平，所以放在一起說就可以了。該段共分三句話，第一句將比例描述出來，第二句作出比較——中國家庭負擔的大學學費是英美國家的十倍之多。第三句進一步說明我國大部分家庭感覺負擔較重，有些家庭根本就負擔不起。

第二段提出解決辦法，第一句是模板句，之後分兩方面來說。第一方面說的是減少高等教育的成本，分爲兩個方面，一是減員增效，二是消除腐敗。第二方面說的是高教管理體制的改革。國家應加強高等教育的投資，併合理配置這些資金。

最後一段是總結，說解決大學學費成爲沉重負擔問題正值其時，全面改革勢在必行。

心得：

提綱中如果出現文章主題，一定要把握住，這直接決定了文章的謀篇佈局。

描述圖表時不一定要面面俱到，只要抓住重點即可。

寫原因或解決辦法的段落時條理一定要清楚，一般分爲三點(也有兩點或四點的情況)，不一定是權威的解釋，我們並非是專門研究該問題的專家，閱卷老師也不會太苛求，只要符合情理即可。關鍵是語言表達一定要準確，如果要拿高分就一定要有出彩的地方。

Directions 5

Study the following reportage carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1. interpret the reportage,

2. point out the reasons for the problem, and

3. suggest possible ways to solve the problem.

You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

題目：

本報記者報道自20世紀70年代末以來，中國的離婚率持續上升。離婚水平已超過鄰國日本和韓國，與新加坡同屬亞洲離婚率較高的國家。這是近日中國社會科學院人口學專家唐燦發佈的調研報告中指出的。這份報告還寫到，據2003年北京市統計年鑑公佈的數據，2002年北京市的離婚總數爲38756對，當年戶籍人口爲1136.3萬，粗離婚率達到6.82‰;當年的結婚對數爲76136對，由此計算離結率高達50.90%。也就是說，這一年平均不到兩對夫妻結婚就有一對夫妻離婚，北京市的離婚率已經成爲全國最高。

審題：

這是一道相當特殊的題目，是就一段漢語的新聞報道命題，提綱卻是傳統的模式。這類形式題目出現的比率不大，我們在本書中穿插了個別這樣的題目主要是爲了拓展大家的視野，而且這類題目所涉及的主題也是非常重要的，很有可能以圖畫題或圖表題等主流形式考察到。

Sample:

According to the above news report, the divorce rate in China keeps increasing since 1970’s, and now is higher than that in Japan and Korea. It was also reported that the ratio of divorced couples to married couples reached 1 to 2 in 2002 in Beijing.

From my point of view, the problem of high divorce rate in our country can be analyzed from three perspectives. To begin with, owing to economic development and women’s liberation, the traditional family mode has changed greatly. Now in most cases the two parties of a marriage are psychologically and economically independent. Second, because of the higher living standard and one?child policy, many young people have shaped a self?centered personality, which is liable to result in lack of mutual care and understanding. Third, when all the social members become more and more open?minded, people are less restricted to the traditional conception of marriage. Third parties, extramarital love and online marriage all pose great threats to the legal marriage.

As we all know, healthy marriages are beneficial not only to the couples themselves, but also to the growth of the children and to the stability of the whole society. Therefore, it is worthwhile to make efforts to reduce the divorce rate. Before they get married, young couples should be emotionally and psychologically well prepared for all possible conditions and changes in marriage. Furthermore, school and family education should help enhance the sense of responsibility, which is not only the key to a healthy marriage but also to a successful career.

點評：

文章共分三段。第一段是將新聞報道中最重要的信息提煉出來，這是看大家的基本功是否紮實。第二段給出了該現象的原因。第三段是解決問題的辦法。

第一段共有兩句話，第一句話說國內的離婚率一路攀升，已超過了日本和韓國。第二句話說北京的離結率已高達1∶2。

第二段是寫原因的段落，共分三個方面來寫。第一點寫傳統家庭模式的巨大變化。第二點寫年輕人以自我爲中心的人格的形成，容易導致相互關愛與理解的缺失。第三點說人們的傳統婚姻家庭觀念的鬆動。

第三段寫解決辦法。先說健康的婚姻對夫妻、孩子和社會均有益，推導至減少離婚率是很有意義的事。首先說年輕人應在結婚時做好準備，以應對婚姻中的各種情形及變化。另外，學校和家庭教育應着重加強他們的責任感，這對婚姻和事業都是大有益處的。 該文是特殊的出題方式，如果我們考試中遇到特殊的形式，也不必慌亂，一定要看清楚具體的要求，這樣就可以有的放矢了。看到熟悉的方式甚至題目，也不要過於欣喜，一定要把優勢轉化成勝勢。

心得：

該文有許多好的語言點值得學習。

首段的news report相當於提綱中的reportage，意思是“新聞報道”。

次段首句的perspective意思是“角度”。第四句的one?child policy表示“計劃生育的一孩政策”，self?centered personality表示“以自我爲中心的個性”，mutual care and understanding表示“相互關愛和理解”。第五句中的open?minded表示“思想開明的”。第六句中的pose great threats to表示“對……構成重大威脅”。

第三段中的enhance the sense of responsibility表示“加強責任感”。

免費考研網

第二章

大作文寫作各類型大作文寫作技巧

一、 命題作文

命題作文又叫提綱式作文，是1996年考研及以前使用的模式，現在再考的可能性已非常小了，但是它是各種寫作的基礎。這類作文主要可分爲觀點類與辦法類。

1.觀點類

寫作包括三個重要的方面：內容、結構與語言。相對說來，考研英語寫作對內容要求並不是很高——只要圍繞主題闡述，不跑題，對問題談得是否深與透，並不是特別關注，而提綱式作文就更是如此。語言體現在詞、句、段、篇各個方面，重在積累。我們要幫助大家快速提高的是結構方面。

概括說來，觀點類分爲三種情形：第一種是議論，即對現存觀點(通常是兩種)做一選擇;另一種是立論，即直接提出一種觀點，然後來論證它;第三種是駁論，即對現有觀點進行批駁，這種文章出現的機率不大。

第一種文章所佔的比例最高，現存的觀點一般說來是兩種對立的觀點，通常我們會斬釘截鐵地選擇其中的一種觀點，有些時候也可以將兩者巧妙地結合起來。

這種文章通常有三種構成方法，最常見的情況是在第一段敘述第一種人的觀點，第二段敘述第二種人的觀點，第三段做出自己的選擇並下結論。

還有兩種情況很類似，都是在第一段簡要敘述兩種人的觀點，在第二段將兩種人的觀點展開，再在第三段給出自己的觀點;也可以直接在第二段就給出自己的觀點並加以論證。這兩種情況的區別在於現有的兩種觀點與自己的觀點所佔的篇幅長短不同。

這裏我們對幾個重要的問題再說明一下。首先是主題句的問題，如在敘述兩種人觀點時，通常在段落中應該有這樣的句子，例如：

* Different people have different views on opportunity.

* People?s opinions are always different once they talk about family tutoring.

其次是段落間銜接的問題，也就是要有過渡句。大家細細地研究一下範文，就能發現大多數時候過渡句是在後一段的段首，但也有在前一段段末的情況。比如說，如果第一段原來只有一句話，那麼原本多放在第二段段首的句子可能被提至第一段的第二句話。

至於論據到底應分幾點來說，一般分三點。但也有變化的時候，比如是先說兩點，然後舉個例子——這樣也很有可能取得很好的效果。但是要注意，舉例子一定要注意兩點，即典型、精練。

觀點類的第二種情況是立論，在很多時候是對事物本質的論述。此事物可以是一項制度、一種現象甚至是一種觀點。通常分三段寫作，首段先對這一現象或觀點作一介紹，第二段表明自己的觀點，第三段下結論。這裏最重要的問題之一就是第一段和第三段的寫法，這兩段極有可能都是兩句話：第一句是段落的主題句，第二句表示遞進、解釋或者例證，當然絕大多數情況下是遞進——可以是時間上的自然接續，也可以是邏輯上的順接關係，在實際寫作中後一種情況佔多數。

觀點類的第三種情況是駁論，比較少見。這類文章大多分爲三段，第一段說明一種現象、一種做法或者一種觀點，第二段進行批駁，第三段下結論。這裏有兩個重要問題，一是批駁句出現的位置，二是批駁句的性質問題。批駁句絕大多數情況下出現在第二段的首句，但也有出現在第一段末句的情形。批駁句有第一人稱作主語的主觀批駁，如I cannot agree with the above opinion;還有非人稱主語句，即客觀批駁，如It is not the real case。

2.辦法類

辦法類文章的題目通常是以“How to”開頭的，這一類的文章數量相當多。辦法類文章分爲三類：第一類是社會生活中的重大問題;第二類是令人擔憂的社會問題;第三類是與大學生活緊密相連的問題。這類文章通常都有“提出問題——列舉具體的解決辦法——總結”的寫法。

辦法類文章可以寫得極其工整，即第一、二、三段均分三個方面來說，達到相互呼應的情形，比如說第一類和第二類可分政府、科研工作者與大衆來說。當然有的時候文章也可以只說兩種人——即政府和大衆，文章就更清晰了，但此時要避免單調或篇幅太短。第三類可以從學校、老師與學生三個方面來說。

辦法類文章的變化極多，首先末段的寫法極其靈活：可以是一句話戛然而止，但這種情況並不建議大家多用;個別情況下還可以沒有作爲結論段的第三段，這時的結束句必然只有一句話，放在第二段末尾。這個句子一定是一個長且複雜有力量的句子，並與上述若干點結合緊密。

末段大多數時候包含兩個句子，規律性很強。首句多說問題嚴重或重要，後句則總結必須採用上述的方法才能達到目的——這個句子可以是個倒裝句、否定句、雙重否定句甚至反問句。總之，這時我們是想通過調整句子結構來達到加強語氣的目的。

在辦法類中還可能出現個性化段落或混合模板這些複雜的情形。個性化段落就是提綱中要求在先說了多種辦法(通常是三種)後再說到個人(即我)的寫法。這裏一個值得關注的問題就是，我們在說到自己時是選擇上述辦法之一，還是將兩種辦法融合。比較可行的做法是選擇其中的一種辦法。其後的問題就是，在說明理由時，這段是否會與前面重複呢?實際上這裏只要注意將自己的獨特之處寫出來就行了。

混合類模板既包括辦法類模塊又包括原因或後果模塊，我們一定要看清提綱，嚴格按照它來寫。在學習過程中，我們應先熟悉單一模板的寫法，再在融合時多思考，多練習，這樣就一定能提高了。

二、 圖表作文

圖表作文在考研中總共只出現過兩次，分別是1997年與1999年，它是一種介於命題作文和圖畫作文之間的寫作形式，再考的可能性不大，但是卻對圖畫式作文的學習非常有益。

圖表作文至少包含描述圖表與解釋原因兩個部分，而當前的圖表作文大多還有第三個段落。圖表作文的規律性很強，不像圖畫式作文那樣富於變化。

1.首段的寫作

圖表作文有表格(table)、柱形圖(bar chart)、餅狀圖(pie chart)和折線圖(diagram)之分，後三種都是屬於圖表的範疇(chart)。不管是chart還是table，都需要進行描述，一般放在文章的第一部分，長度宜適中。描述數據我們要首先看看是幾個變量(A)，每個變量有幾個數據(B)，不妨以A*B表示。

如果只有一個變量，有三個數據，可以描述如下：

From the chart we can see clearly that the average number of hours a student spends on Internet per week has increased from less than two hours in 1998 to nearly four hours in 2000, and then to 20 hours in 2004.

如果是最常見的是2*3的情形，可以描述如下：

From the chart, we can see clearly that in a big city in China, state?owned houses declined from 75% in 1990 to 60% in 1995 and then to 20% in 2000, while private houses rose from 25% to 40% and then to 80% during the same period.

這裏用了while引起從句來突顯對比，是一種非常好的辦法，如果用兩句話來描述，也完全可以。

如果是1*n(n>3)的情形，將頭與尾描述出來即可，比較好的方法就是在句中描述最後一個與第一個相比變化了多少。

碰到多變量、每個變量多數據的情形，大家應首先進行分類，分成上升、下降兩類，或者上升、下降、不變三類，這樣問題就迎刃而解了。

2. 第二段的寫作

第二段是解釋原因的段落。我們談談兩個問題。

首先是過渡句這個問題。這裏不大可能放在第一段，因爲第一段不可能象有的命題作文那樣簡潔(如只有一句)——例如提綱式作文中的批駁類文章中除二段首句批駁之外還有首段末句批駁，效果很強烈。

其次就是此段的主題句(topic sentence)的問題。此句或主觀或客觀並無拘束，只要上下文風格統一即可。

主觀：We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.

I believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.

In my mind, the reasons why the overseas students are on the rise are as follows.

主觀之變體(使用插入語，突顯主語)：Three reasons, we believe, can account for this phenomenon.

Three reasons, I believe, can account for this phenomenon.

Three reasons, I firmly believe, can account for this phenomenon.

注意:插入語的使用屬於看似平淡卻極富功力的技巧，可以達到很好的效果。

主觀之變體(使用插入語)：Three reasons, in my mind, can account for this phenomenon.

客觀：Several reasons can account for this phenomenon.

在主題句之後，可以使用連接詞分兩個、三個或四個方面來寫，其中分三個方面來寫最爲常見。這裏就與普通的說明文與議論文一樣了——可以由最重要的到最不重要的，也可以由最不重要的到最重要的，也可能平行分佈，依具體情況而定，不一而足。

3. 第三段的寫作

第三段直接寫結論的情況已基本沒有了。如果這篇文章講的是一個令人擔憂的問題，那麼這一段寫解決辦法的可能性最大。

如果這篇文章講的是一個好的變化，那麼這一段很可能是兩種情況——可能寫負面的影響或存在的問題，或者寫未來趨勢或發展方向。

咱們看看很象利弊類的情況，如一篇文章的第三段：

上述情況均是依提綱而定，提綱中如果沒有第三點，那麼一般說來，若是問題則寫辦法，若是好事則寫展望，根據具體情況而定。

三、 圖畫作文

圖畫作文在最近八年中考了七次，可謂佔據了大作文的統治地位。圖畫作文可分爲圖片、漫畫與照片等多種。圖畫作文總體上比圖表作文的結構變化更多，更爲靈活，因此難度也更大。

1.描述圖畫

圖畫作文對圖畫的描述應在第一段進行，且最好在首句即開始。此類作文大部分是一幅圖，也會有兩幅圖出現的情況。如果出現兩幅圖，則很有可能是突顯對比的情況。

圖畫上可能沒有任何文字，也可能在上面出現了一句話，也可以單個人物說話或兩個人物對話，也可能在圖畫外寫了總結性的一句話。大家注意，這一句話或兩句話一般是非常重要的，應予譯出。

一般說來，對圖畫的描寫不必過長，應以簡練、準確爲標準。

2.圖畫類作文結構分析

從七年的圖畫作文提綱來看，可以看出，出題越來越合理，越來越符合規律，我們來看一下。

年份〖〗提綱〖〗分析

1998〖〗1. Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon.

2. Give your comments.〖〗首段描述圖畫。

第二段和第三段分別寫原因和危害。

2000〖〗1. Describe the pictures.

2. Deduce the purpose of the drawer of the pictures.

3. Suggest your counter?measures.〖〗首段描述圖畫。

第二段推測繪畫者意圖。

第三段提出解決辦法。

2001〖〗1. Show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below,

2. Give a specific example, and

3. Give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.〖〗首段描述圖畫、指出圖畫的象徵意義。

第二段舉例說明主題。

第三段指出獻愛心的最好辦法，深化主題。

2002〖〗1. Describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and

2. Give your comment on the phenomenon.〖〗第一段描述圖畫。

第二段解釋含義。

第三段對此現象做出評論。

2003〖〗1. Describe the set of drawings, interpret its meaning, and

2. Point out its implications in our life.〖〗第一段描述圖畫。

第二段類比於生活中孩子的教育問題，並分析此現象出現的原因。

第三段做結。

2004〖〗1) Describe the drawing

2) Interpret its meaning, and

3) Support your view with examples.〖〗第一段是描述圖畫。

第二段是類比於人類一條永恆的真理。

第三段是舉例說明。

2005〖〗1) Describe the drawing,

2) Interpret its meaning, and

3) Give your comment on it.〖〗第一段是描述圖畫。

第二段是類比於孩子不孝敬老人的現象。

第三段發表評論。

我們想象中的最典型最理想的圖畫題提綱應該是下面這樣：

1. 描述圖畫

2. 推導繪畫者的意圖

3. 做出評論

對於這一提綱我們來做具體分析，其中第三點更要細緻研究。首先由圖畫引出一種社會現象或社會問題，可以是好的，也可以是不好的。在推導繪畫者的意圖時多是展開說此現象或問題的表現，以證明其引人注目。還有一種可能性是說此現象或問題產生的原因，提綱可直接列出，或還用上述提綱。這時可把簡單意圖推導直接放到第一段描述圖畫之後，而在第二段中說原因。

第三段做出評論，有可能只是簡單評論、深化主題就結束，但這種可能性越來越小了。這一部分很可能說的是辦法，不好的事情就是如何解決的辦法，好的事情就是如何進一步發展的方法。

通過上述列表，我們可以看出，多年以來，真實的提綱是怎樣一步步地向我們想象中的理想模式靠近的。對於提綱裏面出現的變化和規律，我們來分析一下。

我們仔細分析，會發現歷年考研真題基本上都呈現“現象或問題——原因解釋——解決辦法”這樣的模式，但變化非常多。因爲我們談論的既可以是一件值得弘揚的好事，也可能是一個令人憂心忡忡的社會問題;針對後者我們極有可能需要提出做法;而對於前者，可能解釋一下就結束了，也可能要寫出相應的做法。

綜上所述，可以看出，比起圖表作文來，圖畫作文要更靈活，更富於變化。我們一定要多練習，以達到一看到圖畫(含圖中和圖邊文字)和提綱(有時有文章標題)就能有效地審題解題，構造出合理的具體段落的目的。

這裏面還有個問題，就是舉例子，近年來已明確出現了兩次，這一點大家一定要多練習

免費考研網

申請信1

結構要點:

申請信是向收信人提出某個請求的信件，包含三個部分：

1. 提出請求;

2. 說明原因;

3. 請求回覆並表示感謝。

Directions 21

Write a letter to apply for a membership in an organization in about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Mr. Peterson,

I am writing to apply for a membership in your musical band. My music teacher, Prof. Huntington, strongly recommended that I attend such a renowned organization, telling me that it would benefit me in many years to come.

I have been loving music ever since I was in elementary school. I learned piano at eight and flute at twelve. I hope I can grow up into a good saxophone player in your team—with so many music lovers around me, I will surely become more creative and enthusiastic.

If my application could be taken into favorable consideration, I would be most grateful. I am looking forward to your early reply.

Best regards.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

申請信2

語言注意點:

申請信開篇應點明主題，語言簡練。接着說明做此申請的原因，即自己所具備的申請條件，這一部分需重點明確，論述充分。最後請求回覆並表示感謝時，應採用禮貌、誠懇的措辭。

Directions 22

Write a letter to apply for a membership in a program in about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Sir,

I have heard that the university will choose 30 students to teach in rural junior high schools for one month. I am very much interested in this program and want to be one of them.

I am a sophomore majoring in English language and literature and I have been a private tutor ever since I finished my College Entrance Examination. I love teaching—whenever I teach, I feel I am making progress together with my students all the time.

Enclosed are my score reports on all relative subjects. I hope that my application will get your favorable consideration.

With best regards.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

便 箋 1

結構要點:

便箋也叫做便條，是一種簡便的信函，形式簡單，可用於詢問、道歉、請假、約會、留言、歸還東西等很多事由。

Directions 23

Suppose you and two of your friends have decided to go on a self?tour to Hangzhou and you want to invite another friend Cathy to join you. Write a note in about 100 words to her. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Cathy,

We have planned a self?tour to Hangzhou next Saturday. I wonder if you would like to join us, Sherry, Alice and me.

You know, spring is the season when the scenery around West Lake is the most beautiful and it is very convenient for us to go there for it takes only two hour’s and a half by train or by coach. We are going by the 8∶20 train of Saturday morning and returning on Sunday evening. If you agree to go with us, we plan to book two rooms in the Youth Hostel which cost only 50 yuan a night and from which it’s only 20 minutes’ walk to West Lake.

I’m sure we will have a very good time and find the tour rewarding.

Yours,

Li Ming

便 箋 2

語言注意點:

便箋語言較簡單和口語化，但應注意，說明事由時要簡潔、清楚，不需過多的套話。

Directions 24

Suppose your mother has come to see you and tonight you will sleep in the room she has booked in a hotel near your university. Write a note in about 100 words to inform your roommate Linda of that. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Linda,

I am afraid that I won’t be in our dormitory tonight because my mother has come here to see me and I plan to sleep in the room she has booked in a nearby hotel. I had wanted to tell you that in person but you are not back yet. So I have to leave this note for you.

My mother has brought me several bags of beef jerky that are a special product of my hometown. I’ve left two of them on your desk. Help yourself and I hope you’ll enjoy them.

Besides I have asked our teacher for a day’s leave. So I won’t be present in tomorrow’s class. Would you do me a favor by handing in my history assignment to the teacher? It is on your desk beneath the beef jerky. Thanks.

Take care of yourself.

Yours,

Li Ming

通 知 1

結構要點:

通知的目的是傳遞信息或分配工作，包含內容、時間和地點。如果是活動，應包含參加的人員範圍;如果是講座或報告，應包含演講人的簡介。

Directions 25

Write a notice in about 100 words to inform the students and English teachers of a lecture on Australian studies.

Sample:

NOTICE

We are very honored to invite Prof. Richard Gilbert from Sydney University to give us a lecture on Sino?Australian relationship in the new millennium. Prof. Gilbert graduated from Australian National University in 1979 and has been teaching Australian studies for more than 20 years. He has become a leading expert in this field and has published several books and numerous papers on such topics as Australian economy, education and foreign policy. His humorous and thought?provoking speech will surely benefit all the audience.

The lecture will be given at Yifu Auditorium from 7 to 9 o’clock next Thursday evening. All the teachers and students are welcome to attend this lecture.

English Department

August 27, 2005

通 知 2

語言注意點:

通知必須用簡練、準確的語言傳遞信息。如果包含對演講人、主要參與人或組織者等的介紹，則語言應大方得體，重點突出，切忌長篇大論。

Directions 26

Write a notice in about 100 words for the Student Union to inform of a speech contest.

Sample:

NOTICE

The Student Union has decided to hold a Chinese speech contest to celebrate the coming National Day. The maximum time of each speaker is eight minutes. We will invite seven experts to serve as judges. Every speaker will be judged from three aspects: script, eloquence, and the reaction of the audience. The results will be announced immediately.

All the participants are required to hand in their request form before September 12. The preliminary contest falls on September 18 in the school library. The final contest will be held on September 30 in the cinema of our university.

The Student Union

Sept. 2, 2005

備忘錄1

結構要點:

備忘錄是單位內部傳遞信息的文件，包括擡頭和正文，其中擡頭包含四個部分：

TO: 收閱者

FROM: 撰寫者

SUBJECT: 主題

DATE: 日期

Directions 27

Suppose you are the secretary of the Personnel Department of a company and are organizing a farewell party for a colleague who is going to retire. Write a memo in about 100 words to inform your colleagues of the meeting. Do not use your own name, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

TO: All employees of the Personnel Department

FROM: Li Ming, secretary of the Personnel Department

SUBJECT: Farewell Party for Liu Gang

DATE: Dec. 27, 2005

Our colleague Liu Gang is going to retire next month. His retiring is really a pity to us all as he is such an amiable man who is always ready to help others, such an honest man who has won trust and respect from around him, and such a humorous man who can often add pleasure to our work. We have decided to hold a farewell party for him.

We are going to use the assembly room of our department for the party. I have organized several programs for entertainment, but they are not enough. So if anyone is willing to give performances, please let me know as soon as possible. Besides, our general manager and manager will be present, too.

All the colleagues of the Personnel Department are invited to attend the party which is scheduled on November 4, next Friday and will begin at 7 o’clock in the evening. By the way, all suggestions on the party are welcome.

備忘錄2

語言注意點:

備忘錄的主要目的是有效、快速地傳達信息，應語言簡練、層次清楚，易於理解。如有並列信息，可藉助項目符號或編號等，使人一目瞭然。不宜使用華麗的辭藻或複雜的結構來炫耀自己的寫作才能。

Directions 28

Write a memo in about 100 words on behalf of the Student Union to call on students to join in the volunteer activities in Xinhua Community.

Sample:

TO: All students of Shanghai University

FROM: Student Union

SUBJECT: Volunteer activities in Xinhua Community

DATE: Sep. 13, 2005

At the beginning of the new term, we plan to organize a series of volunteer activities in Xinhua Community, which is about 200 meters from our university.

The activities are scheduled on September 18, this Sunday and include doing housework for the disabled or old people who live by themselves, teaching English to children, and publicizing knowledge about healthy diet and about preventing common diseases.

We believe it is a good opportunity to show our love and know more about the society. 100 volunteers are needed. If you are willing and have time to take part in the activities, please come to the office of the Student Union on the third floor of the Administrative Building, where we would ask you to sign your name in a table and tell us what activity you are particularly interested in.

簡 歷 1

結構要點:

簡歷是個人經歷的書面表達形式，應包含個人信息、教育背景和工作經歷。有時還可包含事業目標(objective或career objective)、其他經歷(activities)、獲獎情況(awards)和特長(special skills)等。

Directions 29

Suppose you are going to graduate from the university. Write a resume in about 100 words to apply for a job. Do not use your own name, using “Li Mei” instead.

Sample:

RESUME

Personal Data:

Name:Li Mei

Sex:Female

Address: Room 602, Dormitory Building 12,

Wuhan University

Wuhan, Hubei, 430021

Date of Birth:June 16, 1983

Place of Birth:Zunyi, Guizhou

Telephone:(027) 87273548, 13802347887

Hobbies:painting, reading, Internet surfing, dancing

Foreign Languages:English

Objective: To work as a regional sales representative who is responsible for sales activity and coordination

Education:

2002 ~ PresentStudying at Wuhan University

Bachelor of Arts in finance

1999 ~ 2002Studying at Zunyi No. 1 High School

1996 ~ 1999Studying at Zunyi No. 7 Junior High School

Work Experience: None

Special Skills and Technical Qualifications:

I am professionally trained in finance and economics.

In addition to Mandarin, I can speak, write and read English fluently.

I had two part?time jobs in Taiping Company and Zhida Company, which helped me gain some sales operation knowledge and sales planning experience.

簡 歷 2

語言注意點:

簡歷忌過長或用詞空泛，提供的信息應有用、如實，編排鬚整齊有系統。

Directions 30

Suppose you are Tan Wen, English teacher at Taiyuan Institute of Technology. Write a resume in about 100 words to apply for a new job in another city.

Sample:

Tan Wen

Taiyuan Institute of Technology

Taiyuan, Shanxi Province

Telephone: (0351) 6523787

Experience

2000 ~ Present

Working as a lecturer of English at Taiyuan Institute of Technology

Teaching undergraduate (non?English majors) intensive reading, extensive reading, listening, writing

Teaching graduate (non?English majors) writing

Education

1997 ~ 2000

Studying at Shanghai Teacher’s University

Master of Arts in American Studies

1993 ~ 1997

Studying at Shanxi University

Bachelor of Arts in English Language and Literature

1990 ~ 1993

Studying at Mianyang Senior High School

1987 ~ 1990

Studying at Mianyang No. 5 Junior High School

Personal Data

Sex: Female

Date of Birth: June 27, 1976

Place of Birth: Mianyang, Sichuan, China

Marital Status: Married, without Child

Health: Excellent

免費考研網

祝賀信1

結構要點:

祝賀信是由於某種原因向收信人道賀的信件，一般包含三個部分：

1. 點明要祝賀的事情，並向對方道賀;

2. 詳述祝賀的事情;

3. 再次祝賀。

Directions 11

Suppose your friend Ellen is going to graduate from Fudan University and get a Master?s Degree. Write a letter in about 100 words to congratulate her. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Ellen,

How delighted I am when I hear that you are going to graduate from Fudan University and get a Master’s Degree! Though I cannot go to Shanghai to join in the celebration of your graduation owing to the long distance between the two cities, yet I wish to express my most earnest and ardent congratulations through this letter.

For years you have made unremitting efforts in your specialized field and your diligence and intelligence at last win you honor. I am not only happy for but also proud of you from the bottom of my heart.

I believe as an up?and?coming person, you will use your head and hands to develop your career to a higher level after the graduation.

May you achieve greater success in the future.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

祝賀信2

語言注意點:

祝賀信除了向對方道賀以外，還可表達祝福、期望等。語言應熱情洋溢，滿懷喜悅。

Directions 12

Suppose your friend Mr. Zhao has recently got a promotion. Write a letter in about 100 words to congratulate him. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using Li Ming instead.

Sample:

Dear Mr. Zhao,

I am extremely glad to hear that you have got a promotion in your company. Congratulations!

It is excellent of you to get a promotion, for after all you have just been in the company for six months. As we all know, you are always a both hard?working and creative person, which is essential to achieve your goals in work. Moreover, your strong sense of responsibility enables you to win trust from people around you and thus win yourself various opportunities. I think that is why you can make achievements in such a short time.

There is no doubt that you deserve the promotion. Having you as a friend, I really feel both proud and lucky because I can often learn so much from you.

Best wishes.

Yours faithfully,

Li Ming

邀請信1

結構要點:

邀請信是邀請收信人蔘加某項活動的書信，包含三個方面：

1. 邀請對方參加活動的內容、時間和地點;

2. 與該活動有關的注意事項;

3. 期待對方接受邀請，並可表示感謝。

Directions 13

Write a letter to one of your high school classmates who is in a nearby city, and invite him/her to your city at this weekend. Some necessary details must be included. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Linda,

We haven’t seen each other for six years after graduation. I am so glad to hear that you have graduated from UCLA and come back to work in Suzhou. If you are free this Saturday, please come to Shanghai and have a good time with me.

We can first go to the Century Park, where the flowers are all in blossom. Let’s go boating on the lake —isn’t it pleasant in the cool breeze? Then I will treat you to dinner at a western restaurant on Huaihai Road—it is small but really nice—I’m sure you will enjoy it. After dinner, let’s go to a concert—you are a music lover, aren’t you?

If you couldn’t come, please notify me before Friday. If you can, please tell me which train you will take and I will meet you at the railway station.

I am looking forward to meeting you.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

邀請信2

語言注意點:

邀請信敘事一定要清楚、明白。如寫給朋友，可選用活潑、真誠的言辭;如寫給長輩、上級、名人等，則語言應正式、禮貌。

Directions 14

Write a letter to invite a famous professor to give a lecture to the English postgraduate students in your university. Some necessary details must be included. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Professor Michael Hutchison,

We are very glad to hear that you are attending an international conference in Beijing. We are writing this letter to inquiry the possibility of inviting you to deliver a lecture on American literature for our postgraduate students on the evening of June 16.

We have long been noticed that you have done a lot of substantial and creative work in this field. Two of your books have become textbooks for our students for several years. So all of us believe your lecture will benefit our students and teaching staff alike.

If you can manage to come, please tell us the number of your flight and we will meet you at the airport. If you can’t make it, please also let us know.

We are looking forward to your coming.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

投訴信1

結構要點:

投訴信是對產品或服務表示不滿的信件，一般分三個部分：

1. 提出投訴內容;

2. 說明具體情況;

3. 提出解決辦法。

Directions 15

Suppose that you ordered a television but later found that it has worrying problems. Write a letter of complaint to describe the matter and require settlement. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Sir,

The television I ordered from your store arrived on time last Friday, but only three days later I found it could not work properly.

On Tuesday evening, when I turned on the television, I was surprised to find that it became a black?and?white television—all of the other colors were simply gone. What made matters worse, the remote control was also out of order. I dialed your service number for several times, but the line was always busy.

This problem has affected our normal life. Can you get it repaired as soon as possible? Thank you for your consideration.

I am looking forward to your early reply.

Yours faithfully,

Li Ming

投訴信2

語言注意點:

投訴信應重點表明投訴的原因，敘事應客觀、準確、簡潔。最後提出的解決方法應切實可行。在表達自己的不滿時，語言要把握分寸，不失風度。

Directions 16

Write a letter to complain about an unhappy experience in about 100 words to describe the matter and ask for the mistake to be corrected. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Sir,

I am writing to you about a most unhappy experience. Last Tuesday morning, we took a long?route bus of your company from Dukou to Lijiang. The bus was scheduled to arrive in Lijiang at 7 o’clock in the evening, but it stopped midway at four p.m. for mechanical problems. The driver and the ticket seller could neither solve the problem by themselves nor seek help from others.

Where we stopped was nowhere near a village. Up until 8 o’clock, another bus finally carried us to a shabby rural motel. We had to pay for our accommodation. The room was too small and the quilt was so dirty. To our surprise, when we just managed to sleep at around 2 a.m., the driver came to wake us up—the bus had been fixed!

I suggest that you look into this matter immediately and deal with it quickly and properly.

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Ming

詢問信1

結構要點:

詢問信是希望獲取信息的信件，分爲三個部分：

1. 說明自己的計劃或目的，也就是詢問信息的原因;

2. 徵詢具體信息;

3. 期待回覆並表示感謝。

Directions 17

Write a letter inquiring about a hotel. Some necessary details must be included. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Mr. Guo,

I am going to visit Songpan on July 30 and wish to stay at your hotel. My friend has just come back and warmly recommended it to me.

My wife and I want to go horse trekking with the Happy Trails Horse Team. We will choose to go to the Ice Mountain, so it will take four days. We want a double room with a private bath for two nights, July 30 and August 3.

Would you please tell us whether we could have such a room and how much it will cost us?

I am looking forward to your reply.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

詢問信2

語言注意點:

詢問信應語言簡潔、清晰，無歧義。語氣禮貌、懇切。

Directions 18

You are a tourist and you want to experience a new way of traveling. Write a letter inquiring about such a traveling program. Some necessary details must be included. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Mr. Guo Chang,

My wife and I have read in the traveling book Lonely Planet about your Happy Trails Horse Team. We are very much interested in going horse trekking with your team.

We want to choose the Ice Mountain route, which will take four days, from July 31 to August 3. What should we take with us? Will the guides provide accommodation for us? How much will the tour cost each of us?

We will reach Songpan on the afternoon of July 30 at about 5 o’clock. I hope it will not be too late when we arrive at your team.

I am looking forward to your early reply.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

介紹信1

結構要點:

介紹信是向收信人介紹某人的信件，包含三個部分：

1. 說明被介紹人的身份;

2. 提出希望收信人做的事情;

3. 如果是請收信人關照被介紹人，表示感謝;如果是請收信人與被介紹人共同工作，則對合作表示樂觀。

Directions 19

Suppose that your friend is going to stay at a big city. Write a letter in about 100 words to introduce her to a friend there. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Linda,

I want to introduce to you the bearer of this letter, Helen Herbert, who is a diligent and intelligent scholar just like you. She will attend an international conference on economics from August 27 through August 30 at the Shangri?La Hotel of your city.

She will have no problem with her accommo?dation. I am sure a talk will benefit both of you a lot. I have given your mobile phone number to her, and I hope it will not cause any inconvenience for you.

Thank you for your kindness and consideration.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

介紹信2

語言注意點:

介紹信應措辭禮貌得體，對被介紹人的說明應簡潔明瞭、重點突出。

Directions 20

Write a letter to inform a colleague of a coming visiting scholar in about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your letter, using “Li Ming” instead.

Sample:

Dear Anna,

Please allow me to take this opportunity to introduce a visiting scholar, George Martin, from University of California at Berkeley. He will be a member of our Program of Asia?Pacific Economy for nine months.

George is an enthusiastic and enterprising scholar. He has done various researches on American and Asian economies for more than ten years. I am sure that his participation will do a lot of help to our recent research.

George will be arriving here on next Friday and he will soon go to visit you after arrival. You can introduce the overall development of our program to him, and then explore the details of cooperation.

Sincerely yours,

Li Ming

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「構思要訣」

圖畫作文的基本審題過程一定包含以小見大，把握象徵寓意的過程。圖畫式寫作是較難的題型之一，面對此類題型，考生應首先確定主題，然後再動筆。

第一步，看仔細。考生應對圖畫進行全面而細緻的研究，尤其注意圖畫中人或物(人與物)的體貌表情特徵和背景，確定人物之間，人物與背景之間的主要關係，以便正確掌握圖畫所傳達的信息。如果圖畫以系列形式(即兩幅以上)出現，還應該對圖畫之間的相應聯繫有所理解，從而在整體上把握圖畫所傳達的信息。

第二步，擬提綱。根據圖畫內容的不同，採用不同的段落髮展方式。如果畫面內容是以描述爲主，即按空間方位或時間先後順序排列，可採用開頭——擴展——結尾的寫作方式。如果畫面內容是以解釋說明爲主，寫作時則先給出主題句，再圍繞主題句完成各段落的寫作，這是採用主題句——擴展句——總結句的寫作方式。

第三步，突出主題。展開段落要根據畫面內容進行，同時也要圍繞每一段的主題句進行。

第四步，小修改。考生應重點檢查圖畫內容是否準確地被表達出來，題目所給提示是否完整地反映在文章之中。如果存在與畫面不相符的內容，或未能完全涵蓋題目所給提示，應做出相應修訂。

接下來，我們分析一下2003年的漫畫考題，並抽調當年的高分實考樣卷，加以點評。

寫作題目

Directions： Study the pictures carefully and write an essay about 200 words based on the following：

1. describe the set of drawings and interpret its meaning

2. point out its implications in our life

2003年的考試題爲溫室中的花朵經不起風雨，題目本身就顯得話裏有話，意猶未盡。我們提到，圖畫作文的基本審題過程一定包含以小見大，把握象徵寓意的過程，畫面雖然簡單，但要把一個簡單的事物和一個大的羣體進行結合聯想，還要聯繫實際，否則很難切入宏大的論述主題。

There is no garden without its weeds.

沒有不長雜草的花園。觀察兩幅圖畫不能只看到溫室和花朵，還要以小見大，與主題和現實意義掛鉤聯想。花兒可以代表獨生子女，成長中的青少年;溫室代表父母的溺愛和優越的物質生活條件等;風雨呢，可以理解爲逆境的考驗，特別是現實社會中的殘酷競爭。

中國古訓中有寶劍鋒從磨礪出，梅花香自苦寒來的名句，結合現實中獨生子女由於嬌生慣養而不能獨立面對困難的問題，通過兩圖對比得出現實意義，即父母要多給子女獨立面對困難的機會，年輕人要多經歷風雨、挑戰和逆境考驗才能走向成功。

參考範文：

The set of drawings above vividly depicts the destiny of a flower in two different living circumstances. As is shown in the first drawing， the flower is placed in a cozy greenhouse which shelters it from the severe wind and storm. With proper temperature and other good conditions， the flower is growing in full bloom. In contrast， when removed from the green house and exposed to the wind and storm， the flower immediately fades and withers， with most of its petals cast about on the ground.

The implied meaning conveyed by the drawings should be taken into account seriously. The weak flower is naturally associated with our young people， to be exact， the only children in our current society; the green house epitomizes our parents?excessive doting care and material supplies that can protect the children from the wind and storm， to be specific， the harsh reality. Once our young people begin to seek independence and face challenges from the real competitive world， they are found too spoiled to be strong enough to endure the hardships and difficulties of various sorts.

In sum it is essential for our young people to derive positive implications from the above thought?provoking drawings. Only by undergoing more predicaments can young people develop strong personality and ability needed in the future， and only in this way can they eventually become winners in our competitive changing world.

這篇作文在當年獲18分的高分，文章結構銜接緊湊，緊扣題目要求，層次分明。大家如果能夠達到這個要求，往往就不難拿到高分;另外，每一段的段首句是寫作中的重中之重，老師閱卷時往往沒有時間細看每一句，幾秒鐘就掃視完全篇，本文的段首句都是主題句，然後用一兩句話分層次展開，簡單分析，最後一段歸納昇華，或者總結概況。

「友情提示」

揭示寓意，切忌盲目求新。譬如，2003年的作文題目是一組漫畫，漢語標題爲溫室花朵經不起風雨。按出題者的本意，其中心思想應當是根據卷面所提供的兩幅漫畫和漢語標題註解，論述當今部分青少年猶如溫室的花朵經不起風雨，其重點應當圍繞青少年的挫折，發表自己的見解。而有人卻反其道而行之，誤解爲我們應當保護青少年不受風雨侵襲。像這樣的作文，不管描述多清楚，文字多優美，也別指望獲取寫作高分。

一定不要放過圖中的文字提示。文字提示非常重要，文字提示通常十分清楚地提供一些寫作要點。另外，面對漫畫題型，考生應該展開合理而豐富的聯想，用生動而恰當的言辭抒發自己對圖畫的所思、所想、所感。

經典句式及慣用表達

我們在下面歸納總結出祕密武器式的經典句式、慣用表達等，供同學們借鑑使用。

1) As is known ……

2) It is a common saying that ……

3) It is clear that ……

4) It is hard to imagine ……

5) It?s hard to say whether ……

6) It must be pointed out that ……

7) It is (has been) estimated that……

8) It must be kept in mind that……

9) It can be seen from this that ……

10) It seems certain that ……

11) The set of drawings above vividly depicts……

A man is only as good as what he loves.

一個人要用他所愛的東西有多好來衡量。12) Simple as it is， the symbolic meaning the picture conveys is deep and profound.

14) As we know， it was not until recently that the problem was solved.

15) It is certain that we have a long way to go.

美文賞析

Wealth is the test of a man?s character.

財富是對一個人品格的試金石。

Modesty

Modesty is one of the many qualities that young people should possess. It makes us foresee our imperfections. It gives us the impetus to go forward. Most important of all， it makes us accessible and creates favorable conditions for us in interpersonal contacts.

However， many young people do not seem to realize the importance of modesty. Some of them just feel satisfied with a little success， without the slightest desire to make further progress. Others have too high an opinion of themselves， totally ignoring other people?s suggestions and advice. Consequently， their immodesty often drives them up against the wall. Worst of all， immodesty takes many young people away from their colleagues and friends. Therefore， they find fewer people with whom they can confide.

To be modest， the first thing to do is to have a full understanding of your deficiencies. No matter who you are and no matter how talented you are， you are unlikely to be all?powerful. In fact， you will always， in spite of your talents， find things about which you feel helpless. Besides， you should also admit other people?s strong points and try your best to learn from them. If you keep these two points in mind， you are on the right path to developing modesty.

謙虛是一種美德，這是任何時候都不過時的話題。文章行文流暢，句式變換多樣。

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