用分類法打開雅思寫作思路

想要短時間內突破寫作，首當其衝是要打開寫作思路。如何根據topic提示在有限的時間內正確流程寫出作文，是雅思寫作的真正挑戰。本文向大家介紹“分類法”，幫大家迅速打開思路，希望對大家有所幫助。

　　實例講解用分類法打開雅思寫作思路

分類法

即題目topic過於抽象或者過於廣泛的時候，我們可以將討論對象具體化，對其加以分類，分成B.C甚至更多類，這樣要描述的東西會更多。但需要注意的是，分類法需要大家保持思維的高度清晰，所以分類的時候儘量要求全面、科學。

舉個例子：

Some people think old buildings should be destroyed and replaced with modern buildings you agree or disagree?

很明顯文topic是old buildings 。但是old buildings包含的範圍就比較廣，所以我們就可以從拆或者不拆的角度看，老房子就可以分爲應該要拆和不應該拆的。這樣文章思路很明顯就出來了。這時候我們只需要說明那些老房子拆掉對城市化進程有好處的，一些不應該拆掉的像一些歷史名跡對文化有傳承作用的，這樣文章就很完整了。

首先分成兩類：應該拆的和不應該拆的。

第一段：背景介紹，老房子很多，人們對是否要拆有爭議。 There are a vast number of old structures in cities today. Whether they should be destroyed is a controversial issue.

第二段： 提出老房子應該拆，寫兩個分論點—不安全、影響市容。 Safety and spoil the cityscape.

第三段：一些老房子不能拆，如特殊歷史意義的，人文居住類型的。 Buildings of historic values, special ethnic group architecture

第四段：結論由於城市發展必須拆掉，但特殊價值的不但不能，而且要有效保護。

　　十天突破雅思寫作--三種句式神助攻

本文主要跟大家分享三種real實用的雅思寫作句式。分別是前進式，倒退式以及中間式。這些句型在作文主體論證時都非常有用，熟練掌握能幫大家作文提升一個level!

一、前進式(用來論證advantage好的方面)

1. benefit from 從……當中獲益

例句：Their command of the language in later life will benefit from this early exposure, while learning other language subsequently will be easier from them.(劍9例句)

詳解：【注意】上面這個短語與is beneficial to……(對…有益)的主語和賓語位置正好相反，而且地道英文中有時還可以把它們放在文章的不同位置交替使用，以實現句式多樣化。

【反義】suffer from… 遭受…… 【反義】be damaged by… 被……破壞

2. invest in 對…投資

例句：In many countries, employees are encouraged to invest in private pension (養老金)plans. 詳解：【近義】fund sth.

例句：This affordability is further enhanced by the use of credit cards and loans in order to fund travel, especially for holiday purposes.(劍8例句) 【對比】be seriously underfunded資金嚴重不足的

【相關】impose a high tax on sth. 對某事物徵收重稅，例句：爲了促進公民的健康有一些歐洲國家have imposed a high tax on junk food, 俗稱“肥胖稅”(fat tax)

例句：As well as physical activity, high tax penalties (n.處罰)could be imposed on high-fat food products, tobacco and alcohol.(劍9例句)

3. promote creativity / environmental awareness / healthy lifestyles /gender equality / cultural diversity / economic growth / sustainable development / healthy competition 促進創造力/環境意識/健康的生活方式/性別平等/文化的多樣性/經濟增長/可持續發展/良性的競爭 例句：(i) Although the city has invested millions of pounds in museums and art galleries (美術館，

畫廊)，it has done little to promote the development of healthcare services.

(ii) Healthy life balance and exercise are strongly promoted by the NHS(英國的國家醫療服務體系).(劍9例句)

詳解：【相關】stimulate creativity / imagination / economic growth 激發創造力 / 激發想象力 /

刺激經濟發展

【反義】hinder the development of …阻礙某事物的發展 【反義】is / are counterproductive 對達成目標具有阻礙作用

4. enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of …提高某事物的效率和效用(如果只是需要討論效率或者只是需要討論效用，則可以從efficiency 和effectiveness 裏選擇對應的一個) 例句：The main question about distance education is whether it enhances the efficiency and the effectiveness of learning.

例句：Others think that the true function of a university should be to give access to knowledge for its own sake, regardless of whether the course is useful to an employer.(劍橋例句)

【反義】deny ab. access to something 讓某人無法獲取或使用某種資源

ch someone’s learning(or work / cultural / artistic / life)experience 豐富某人的學習(或者工作的 / 文化的/ 藝術的/ 生活的)體驗

例句：Working for a period before going to university can enrich their life experience and make them more independent.

詳解：【相關】improve their social skills 提高他們的社會交往能力

【相關】gain practical experience 獲得實踐的經驗

7. is / are responsible for something (or doing something )有去從事某事的責任或者應對某事負責

例句: (i) Parents are responsible for teaching their children right from wrong (教他們的孩子分辨是非)

(ii) Poor student behavior seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and I think that modern lifestyles are responsible for this. (劍橋例句)

詳解：【反義】be exempt from doing sth. 被免除某種責任，比如You are exempt from taking IELTS. 不過當然這是不可能的。

8. help sb. to release stress and tension 幫助某人(例如)students / workers / employees /us )釋放壓力和緊張情緒。

例句：The program is designed to help people to release stress and tension caused by work or lifestyle-related activities.

詳解：【相關】leisure time 休閒時間

例句：Today’s sedentary lifestyle(缺乏運動的生活方式)and stressful working conditions mean that physical activity is no longer part of either our work or our leisure time.(劍9例句) 【相關】leisure activities休閒活動

【反義】increase(或者raise)their stress levels 導致他們/她們的壓力變得更大

/ are both educational and entertaining 既具有教育性又具有娛樂性，寓教於樂的 例句：Many museums offer a wide range of (廣泛的)activities that are both educational and entertaining.

詞，而是作及物動詞，指降低某事物的發生率)

例句：It could also possibly reduce the crime level in the high school age group.(劍9例句) 詳解：【相關】prevent crime 預防犯罪(動賓短語)

【相關】crime prevention 對犯罪的預防(名詞短語) 【相關】reform criminals 改造罪

二、倒退式(用來論證disadvantage消極的方面)

1. damage the environment (or someone’s health / someone’s self-confidence)破壞環境(或破壞

某人的健康/ 打擊某人的自信)

例句：A regular diet of fast food can damage children’s health. 詳解：【相關】is damaging to…對某事物有害

例句：Some people think having school experience at a young age may be damaging to a child’s development.(劍橋例句)

【區分】國內同學們在IELTS作文裏經常混淆damage 和destroy 這兩個詞，其實它們的區別很明確：damage sth. 是常規意義上的破壞，如果及時採取措施就仍然有可能去改變或者減輕這種破壞所帶來的影響。而destroy sth. 則強烈地暗示該破壞已經到了beyond repair 的程度，無法再減輕或者修復了。比如說某種情況damage air quality ，它也許會導致PM2.5數值較高。但如果說某種情況destroy air quality，基本就要戴販毒面具才能出門兒了。又比如你看到報紙上報導一座歷史建築被damaged，那麼你可能會在這棟建築裏找到“×××到此一遊”之類的不雅留言或者在牆上找到一些cracks(裂縫)，但是如果你看到新聞裏說一棟歷史建築被destroyed，那麼你就只能通過照片區永久地懷念它了(拆毀建築還有個特定寫法叫demolish a building，咱們在Day3裏已經學過了)。

2. cause anxiety (or stress / misunderstanding / resentment / climate change / traffic accidents /

safety concerns) 導致焦慮(或者壓力/ 誤解/ 怨恨/ 氣候變化/ 交通事故/ 關於安全的擔憂)

例句：Many scientists believe that global warming is mainly caused by greenhouse gas emissions (名詞短語，對於溫室效應氣體的排放)from energy production，transport，industry and agriculture.

詳解：【相關】result in …導致某種結果(動詞短語) 【對比】prevent sth. 防止某事物的發生

【對比】prevent sb. from doing sth. 防止某人做某事

例句：Any kind of spare time charity work will prevent them from sitting and doing nothing.(劍9例句)

3. face fierce competition面對激烈的競爭(這個短語裏的face 是及物動詞，如果非要寫得

更難則是be confronted with fierce competition)

例句：Fierce competition between companies means that consumers are better informed about the environmental impact of the products that they buy.

詳解：【相關】…is increasingly competitive. (某一領域)競爭越來越激烈 【對比】depend on co-operation and communication要依靠合作與交流

4. lack practical experience (or social skills / motivation / team spirit / a sense of community

/funding /equal opportunities)缺乏實踐經驗(或者社會交往技能/ 動力/ 團隊精神/ 社區感/ 資助/ 平等的機會)，請注意在這些短語裏lack 都是作及物動詞

例句：Some employees lack the social skills needed to co-operate with their co-workers.(請注意這句話裏lack the social skills 後面使用了過去分詞短語作爲後置定語，修飾social skills) 詳解：【注意】lack 作動詞時它的後面直接跟賓語，它和賓語之間不要使用任何介詞;而當

lack 作名詞時它和賓語之間則通常都要使用介詞of。

例句：Those who believe teenagers are the happiest people cite their lack of

responsibilities as a significant factor.(劍9例句)

【反義】possess the skills needed to do sth. 擁有從事某種任務的技能

例句：Many school are eager to hire employees who possess the organizational skills

needed to complete the duties associated with teaching.

5. restrict someone’s creativity / someone’s imagination / someone’s freedom / the development

of something 限制創造力(或者想象力/ 某人的自由/ 某事物的發展)

例句：They argue that school uniforms (校服)restrict students’ creativity and freedom of choice. 詳解：【反義】encourage creativity鼓勵創造力的發展 【反義】offer sb. greater freedom 給某人更大的自由 【反義】promote the development of…促進某種事物的發展 【比較】satisfy sb’s curiosity 滿足……的好奇心

6. find something frustrating 對某事物產生挫折感，感到很泄氣

例句：Students will not commit themselves to learning if they find their school experience frustrating.

詳解：【反義】find sth. stimulating 感到某事物很能激發自己的興趣 【反義】find sth. motivating 感到某事物能夠給人動力 【反義】find sth rewarding 感到某事物很有回報

【語法】這四個短語裏sth. 後面的形容詞都是作賓補，參見p.80，請記住find sth. +

形容詞這個有用的結構。You’ll find it very helpful.

例句：(i) Many people find their rewards unfair, especially when comparing these super

salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists.(劍橋金句)

(ii)Young adults may end up never returning to their studies or finding it difficult to

readopt to readopt to (重新去適應) an academic environment.(劍橋例句)

7. is / are treated unfairly 受到不公正的對待

例句：Employment discrimination occurs when job applicants and employees are treated unfairly based on their race, gender or age.

詳解：【反義】is / are treated fairly and with respect 被平等對待並且得到尊重(請注意不要漏

掉介詞with)

【反義】have equal opportunities 擁有平等的機會

8. widen the gap between the rich and the poor 加大貧富差距(地道英文裏也經常簡單地寫成

widen the gap between rich and poor )

例句：The range of technology available to individuals is widening the gap between the rich and the poor rather than narrowing it (請注意narrow 在這裏是作及物動詞)

詳解：【同類】widen the gap between rich countries and poor countries加大富國與窮國之間的

差距

【反義】narrow the gap between rich and poor 縮小貧富差距

9. lead (or follow ) an unhealthy (或者sedentary / extravagant ) lifestyle 過不健康(或缺乏運

動的/ 奢華的)的生活方式

例句：(i) People who lead an unhealthy lifestyle are at increased risk of (有更大的風

險)developing heart disease， hypertension(高血壓)and diabetes(糖尿病).

(ii)Today’s sedentary lifestyle and stressful working conditions mean that physical activity

is no longer part of either our work or our leisure time(休閒時間).(劍9例句)

詳解：【相關】damage someone’s health 破壞人們的健康

例句：A regular diet of fast food can seriously damage children’s health. 【相關】have an unhealthy diet 保持不健康的飲食結構

【對比】have a healthy and balanced diet保持健康均衡的飲食結構 【對比】exercise regularly經常進行鍛鍊(動詞短語) 【對比】 limit TV viewing 控制看電視的時間(動賓短語)

10. reduce face-to-face communication(the Internet 互聯網，social networking websites 社交

網站，mobile phones 手機等)減少面對面的交流

例句：Internet use reduces face-to-face communication with friends and family, as well as time spent outside the home.

詳解：【相關】discourage real interaction 抑制真正意義上的溝通(動賓短語) 【相關】cause social isolation 導致脫離社會的生活方式(動賓短語)

【對比】allow users to share interests, ideas and activities 讓用戶可以分享興趣愛好、想

法與活動

11. glorify violence 美化暴力(及物動詞glorify的後面通常跟暴力、犯罪、反社會行爲等，

常用於網絡、電子遊戲或媒體類話題)

例句：Frequent exposure to films and video games that glorify violence encourages children to behave aggressively(有攻擊性地).

詳解：【近義】glorify crime and anti-social behavior (主語是電影、電視節目、電子遊戲等)

美化犯罪和反社會行爲

【相關】is / are addicted to violent games 對暴力的遊戲上癮(名詞短語Internet addiction

和video game addiction 則是分別指網癮和電玩癮)

【相關】be exposed to violence or sexual images (主語是人物)接觸到暴力或者色情畫

面

【反義】control violent content in entertainment media(主語是政府)控制娛樂媒體中的

暴力內容

12. violate the law / sb.’s rights / sb.’s privacy 違反法律/ 侵犯某人的權利/ 侵犯某人的隱私 例句：They argue that community service (社區服務)is not a sufficient (充分的)punishment for people who violate the law. 詳解：【近義】break the law 違反法律

【相關】commit a crime犯罪(務必注意當commit表示“犯”的含義時它是一個及物

動詞，而不是名詞或者不及物動詞，無數同學都在作文裏用錯了這個看似沒有任何挑戰性的“小詞”)

【相關】be sent to prison 被送入監獄 【相關】be released from prison 被從監獄釋放 【相關】are likely to re-offend 很可能會重犯 【相關】reform criminals改造罪犯(動賓短語)

三、中間式(用於論證中立事的觀點)

ort/ the grounds that....

以什麼理由支持或反對某事

the development of....， vast changes awaits this country's society. History is filled with the examples of....

隨着什麼的發展，這個國家發生了很大的變化。歷史上有很多....的例子。

story is not rare (isolated / unique)， it is one of many examples. As is shown in the table released by the government, it can be learned that… There is (no) good evidence to… We must admit the undeniable fact that… No one can deny (brush aside) the fact that… Experience (Evidence) suggests that… The same is true of… As the saying goes,....

change in…mainly results from … The increase in…is due to the fact that… Many people would claim that…

....的變化主要是由....造成的，....的增長造成了....的事實，很多人宣稱....

of the reasons given for…is that… What is also worth noticing is that…

....其中的一個原因是....，但....也值得關注

e are a variety of reasons for this dramatic growth in… First, … Second, … Finally, …

造成....戲劇性增長各種各樣，第一....，第二....，最後....

e is no evidence to suggest that…

沒有證據表明……

are (is / do / did)…? For one thing, … For another, …

爲什麼…?一方面…，另一方面…

e are numerous reasons why…， and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones.

爲什麼…有很多原因，我主要講幾個重要的因素。

will exert remarkable effect on…

這將對…產生顯著的作用

12.A multitude of factors could account for (contribute to) the change in…

許多因素可以解釋(有助於)的變化…

以上就是要跟大家分享的關於雅思寫作的三種句式，希望大家熟練掌握，作文能夠得以提升!