英語文章：如何在失敗中找到快樂

提高英語的水平往往可以看一些英語的新聞和閱讀，還有英語的電視劇和電影，這樣可以很快的提高我們的英語口語，接下來小編給大家帶來英語新聞，需要的同學們可以看一看。

　　英語課外閱讀1

The introduction to a self-help book is almost always a spoiler: In the chapters that follow, you, the reader, will learn how to get a promotion, make a better first impression, save yourmarriage, or lower your cholesterol. This will lead to happiness.

一本自助類圖書的序言幾乎總會吐露出書中的訊息：在接下來的章節中，作爲讀者的你將學習如何獲得晉升，給人留下更好的第一印象，挽救婚姻或降低膽固醇的技巧，本書將爲你鋪就一條通往幸福的康莊大道云云。

The Antidote diverges from this theme. In the first chapter, author Oliver Burkeman explainsthat after years of reporting on the field of psychology, he has concluded that "the effort to tryto feel happy is often precisely the thing that makes us miserable." Armed with this thesis, Burkeman sets out to explore various alternatives to this effort, which he calls the negativepaths to happiness.

但《解毒劑：無法忍受積極思維的人如何獲得幸福》( The Antidote: Happiness For People Who Can'tStand Positive Thinking)一書與這類主題背道而馳。在第一章中，作者奧利弗•伯克曼解釋稱，在從事了多年心理學領域的報道之後，他得出了一項結論：“很多情況下，爲獲得幸福感而付出的努力恰恰使我們陷入痛苦之中。”秉持這個觀點，伯克曼着手探索各種不同於這種努力的替代方案，他將其稱爲通往幸福的消極路徑。

He asks questions. Are these negative paths too extreme for the average person toimplement? Can a successful reorientation to a negative path be achieved gradually (I will tryto accept humiliation as inevitable), or does it have to be sudden and drastic (I will activelyhumiliate myself, over and over, in order to diminish my ego)?

他問了一些問題。於普通人而言，這些消極路徑是否太過極端，以至於難以付諸行動?成功地重新定位至一條消極路徑能否逐步實施(被人羞辱估計是不可避免的，我已準備好了)?它是否肯定會是突然而劇烈的(我將積極且反覆地羞辱我自己，以減少我的自我意識)?

The Antidote has been reviewed several times over the course of the past few months. In aneffort to separate my review from the others, I'm tempted to talk about myself. Like manyrecent college graduates working as underpaid interns, I sometimes feel out-of-sorts. Readingthis book on my morning commute convinced me that failure is both inevitable andbeneficial. But to dwell on my personal circumstances would be to fall into a trap that thisbook manages, effortlessly, to avoid.

過去幾個月以來，媒體上已經出現了多篇與《解毒劑》一書有關的書評。爲了使我的這篇書評展現出不一樣的特色，我想先談談我自己。一如許多剛剛走出校門，從事待遇微薄的實習生工作的大學生，我有時心情很差，總想發脾氣。在早上上班途中讀完這本書後，我確信，失敗不僅是難以避免的，也是有益的。但過分沉溺於自身處境，將落入本書試圖以毫不費力的方式設法避免的陷阱之中。

In a chapter titled "The Hidden Benefits of Insecurity, " Burkeman describes the humantendency to avoid insecurity and uncertainty at all costs. "But in chasing all that, " he adds, "we close down the very faculties that permit the happiness we crave." Here you might expectBurkeman to discuss the time he took an unfulfilling job that promised economic security, orthe time he turned down a trip to Spain because he didn't speak Spanish. Instead he quotesthe 20th century Catholic monk and mystic Thomas Merton, author of The Seven StoryMountain: "The truth that many people never understand, is that the more you try to avoidsuffering, the more you suffer, because smaller and more insignificant things begin to tortureyou." Burkeman speaks to his audience in a way that establishes trust. He is a dutiful researcherand a listener. He quotes experts.

在“不安全的潛在好處”(The Hidden Benefits of Insecurity)這個章節中，伯克曼描述了人類不惜一切代價，竭力避免不安全感和不確定性的傾向。“但在追逐所有這些目標的過程中，”他補充說。“我們恰恰關閉了那種使我們渴望的幸福成爲可能的官能。”讀到此處，你或許預期伯克曼將討論他的過往經歷：他從事過一份不稱心、但應該會帶來經濟安全感的工作，也曾由於不會說西班牙語而放棄一個去西班牙旅行的機會。但他沒有。他引用了20世紀天主教僧侶、《七層山》(The Seven Story Mountain)一書作者、神祕的托馬斯•默頓的一段話：“一個許多人怎麼也搞不明白的事實是，越竭力避免受苦，就會遭受越多的苦難，因爲一些更加瑣碎且微不足道的事情會開始折磨你。”伯克曼以一種能夠建立信任感的方式與他的聽衆溝通。他是一位盡職的研究者，一位傾聽者。他所引述的，是專家的意見。

This is how we get to know Burkeman -- as a curious journalist rooting around for anargument, not as a born-again guru who uses his own story of suffering and healing to provethe validity of his personal brand of self-improvement. In each chapter he sits down withsomeone who has dedicated his or her professional life to exploring a particular negativepath to happiness. He punctuates each interview with clear prose about human traits thatmake a negative path to happiness difficult to adopt. For example, in a chapter on methodsfor embracing failure, he writes bluntly that "perfectionism, at bottom, is fear-driven striving … [at] its extremes, it is an exhausting and permanently stressful way to live."

這正是我們瞭解伯克曼的方式：他是一位好奇心重、四處翻找論據的記者，而不是一位重生的大師——他講述了自己陷入和擺脫痛苦的經歷，以此證明他所宣揚的自我改善方式的確有效。他在每個章節中都講述了一個人的故事，這些人畢其職業生涯，探求一條通往幸福的消極路徑。每次訪談中，他總是以清晰的文筆凸顯那些使得通往幸福的消極路徑難以付諸行動的人性特點。比如，在一個論述如何坦然接受失敗的章節中，他直言不諱地寫道：“完美主義，究其根本而言，是一種受恐懼感驅動的抗爭。往極端裏說，它是一種使人筋疲力盡，時刻讓人承受重壓的生活方式。”

In the chapter on the danger of setting too many goals, Burkeman recounts meeting a mannamed Steve Shapiro in a bar in the West Village. Shapiro is a consultant who travels aroundthe country hosting self-help seminars for business audiences. Unlike most consultants, Shapiropreaches against goal setting. He found this calling at a time when his obsession with careeradvancement had ruined his marriage. He argues that once you abandon the five-year-planapproach to life and business, you immediately have more focus and energy for the presentmoment. Pretty soon you are spending more time with your family and performing better atwork.

在論述設定太多目標所導致的危險性的章節中，伯克曼講述了一位諮詢師的故事。這位名叫史蒂夫•夏皮羅的諮詢師是他在西村(West Village，西村是具有反叛精神的各類先鋒藝術家的匯聚之地——譯註)一家酒吧中遇到的。夏皮羅經常在美國各地主持各類以商界人士爲受衆、探討如何自助的研討會。不同於大多數諮詢師，夏皮羅建議職場人士不要爲自己設定太多的目標。夏皮羅因爲過於迷戀職務晉升、最終導致破裂之後悟出了這個道理。他聲稱，一旦放棄你爲自己的人生和事業設定的5年規劃，你就會馬上把更多的注意力和精力放在當下的事務上。很快，你就可以花更多的時間與家人在一起，你的工作表現也將大有改觀。

Like more typical self-help gurus, Shapiro's method is designed to make your life happier andmore productive. Which is why Shapiro is a perfect metaphor for this book. The Antidoteargues that pursuing happiness leads to exhaustion and disappointment. Still, just as Shapirois at home in a success-hungry business environment with his boardroom seminars andPowerPoint presentations, The Antidote is at home in the self-help section at Barnes and Noble. After all, Burkeman is not above making suggestions. In his Epilogue he offers, "You can treatthese ideas [presented in the previous chapters] as a toolkit."

與那些更典型的自助大師一樣，夏皮羅的方式旨在讓人們的生活更幸福，更充實。這也是夏皮羅之所以堪稱本書一個完美隱喻的原因所在。《解毒劑》一書聲稱，追尋幸福將使人筋疲力盡，失望連連。然而，正如夏皮羅可以在渴望成功的商界氛圍中，遊刃有餘地使用PowerPoint幻燈片向公司高管們展示其理論一樣，《解毒劑》一書完全可以毫不唐突地擺放在巴諾連鎖書店(Barnes and Noble)的自助類書架上。畢竟，伯克曼也並非不屑於爲讀者提出他的建議。正如他在本書後記中所言，“讀者可以把(之前章節中提出的)這些建議視爲一個可身體力行的工具包。”

Unlike many self-help authors, however, Burkeman doesn't offer neat, 12-step prescriptions forhealth, wealth, or happiness. After painstakingly establishing the various negative paths tohappiness -- Buddhist meditation, rejection of goals, acceptance of death's inevitability -- he winds up discouraged by his inability to wrap things up neatly. His language becomesclunky: "The negative path to happiness … [is] a path to a different kind of destination. Ormaybe it makes more sense to say that the path is the destination? These things areexcruciatingly hard to put into words, and the spirit of … [negative thinking] surely dictatesthat we do not struggle too hard to do so."

然而，與許多撰寫自助類書籍的作者不同的是，伯克曼並沒有就如何獲得健康、財富和幸福提供一套簡明扼要，可分爲12步完成的處方。煞費苦心地鋪設了各類通往幸福的替代路徑(猶如佛教徒般的冥思，拒絕設定目標，接受死亡的必然性 )之後，他最終爲自己無力整理出一套簡單明瞭的操作指南而沮喪。他的語言開始變得有些笨拙：“通往幸福的消極路徑，是一條通往一個不一樣的目的地的路徑。說這條路徑就是目的地，或許更有道理吧?這些事情是非常難以用言語來表達的，(消極思維)的精神勢必決定了我們不要太過努力地做這些事情。”

If it were up to me, the parting message of this exploration of negativity would be morepositive. Specifically, "keep struggling." After all, in an earlier chapter, Burkeman convincedme that all failures are invigorating. Failure, he writes, "is happening only because you arepushing at the limits of your capabilities." This is a thrilling statement, because it suggeststhat in failing, you are being productive.

要是換做我，這趟探尋消極性之旅的臨別贈言或許會更積極一些。我尤其會忠告讀者，“繼續努力吧。”畢竟，在早前一個章節中，伯克曼讓我相信，所有的失敗都令人鼓舞。失敗，他寫道，“只會發生在你衝擊自身能力邊界的時候。”這是一個令人激動的聲明，因爲這句話表明，在遭遇失敗時，你的能力邊界正在不斷向外拓展。

And that's what makes The Antidote so refreshing. Rather than offering pat answers up front, Burkeman conducts a serious investigation into the various negative paths to happiness. Inadmitting that these paths don't lead to one logical, conclusive method, Burkeman invites usto choose our own.

這正是《解毒劑》一書給人耳目一新之感的原因所在。伯克曼並沒有直截了當地提供了一套現成的解決方案，而是對各種通往幸福的替代路徑進行了一番嚴肅的調研。當伯克曼承認這些路徑無法引導出一個合乎邏輯的終極方法時，他其實是在邀請我們選擇一條屬於我們自己的幸福之路。