家長必讀：確保孩子安全的七大祕籍

Keeping your children safe and away from danger is every parent's number one priority.
保證自己孩子的安全、遠離危險是每個家長首要考慮的事情。

From what to do if they think they're being followed to the best course of action if they're feeling unsafe and there are no police officers around, a website has these difficult conversations with your children covered.
如果孩子認爲他們被跟蹤了，他們該怎麼做？如果孩子們感覺不安全而周圍又沒有警察，他們又該做什麼？一家網站的文章告訴家長該怎麼與孩子進行這些有難度的對話。

Anxious Toddlers - a forum dedicated to giving parents support, advice and guidance - has created a list of seven tips to help keep your child safe when you're not around.
Anxious Toddlers是一個爲家長提供支持、建議和指導的論壇。它列了一張包括七條建議的清單，內容是當家長不在身邊時該如何確保孩子的安全。

Fortunately, these situations are very rare, but it is always better for you and your child to be clued up just in case.
幸運的是，這些情況並不多見。但是您和您的孩子清楚地知道這些以防萬一總是好的。

In one half-hour conversation with your sons and daughters, you can instill into them some basic facts on what to do if they feel unsafe.
在和您的兒女半小時的談話中，你可以告訴他們如果他們感到危險，他們應該怎麼做。

1. GET RID OF PERSONALISED ITEMS
1.不要有帶個人名字的物品

The first piece of advice tells parents to throw out their children's personalised rucksacks, lunch boxes and other items that visibly show off their child's name to people they don't know.
第一條建議：將把孩子名字標在顯眼處的揹包、午餐盒和其他物品扔掉，這些帶名字的物品會讓陌生人知道他們的名字。

This is because when strangers know your child's name they come across as friendly and familiar - and subsequently your child is much more likely to trust them.
這是因爲當陌生人知道孩子的名字時，孩子會感覺他們友好和熟悉。隨後孩子會更容易相信這些陌生人。

The author of the article Natasha Daniels says: 'Every morning as I drive my kids to school, I see these two very young girls walking to school on their own. From down the street I can make out both of their glittery names on their backpacks.'
文章的作者娜塔莎•丹尼爾斯說：“每天早上我開車送孩子去上學，我看到有兩個小姑娘自己走路去上學。從街邊我就能辨認出她們揹包上閃閃發光的名字。”

2. COME UP WITH A CODE WORD
2.想一個共同的暗號

Code words are important to help protect your child from harmful situations.
在很多情況下暗號對保護孩子遠離危險是非常重要的。

Having a code word is useful for a variety of situations. With your children, make up a family code word that is neither too common nor so bizarre that it would be hard to use naturally.
有個暗號在很多情況下都很有用。和你的孩子一起想一個家庭暗號，不要太普通也不要太奇怪，不然想要自然地使用這個暗號會很困難。

Children can then use the code word in different situations.
孩子們可以在不同情況下使用暗號。

For example, if you've sent someone to pick up your child - they should be aware of what the code word is so they'll know not to leave with anyone else.
比如，如果你讓別人幫忙接孩子，他們需要知道暗號是什麼，這樣孩子就不會和其他人一起離開。

Alternatively, if a child is at a friend's house and somebody or something is making them feel unsafe, they can call you and say the code word to you over the phone so you'll know to get them out of the situation.
另外，如果孩子在朋友家，如果有人或有東西讓他們感到危險，他們可以打電話給你並且說出暗號，這樣你就知道有危險，然後把他們救出危境。

3. SAY NO TO 'BODY SECRETS'
3. 對“身體祕密”說不

When a child is sexually abused, they can often be told not to tell their parents about what has happened to them, and to keep it a secret between them and the abuser.
當孩子受到性侵，他們經常會被施虐者叮囑不要告訴父母發生了什麼事情，就讓它成爲孩子和施虐者之間的祕密。

Teaching your children to never keep 'body secrets' is important and they should know to tell you immediately if somebody has touched a part of their body and asked them to hide it from you.
但是很重要的一點是要教你的孩子明白永遠不要有“身體的祕密”。如果有人接觸了他們身體的一部分並且讓孩子對你保密，孩子應該馬上告訴你發生了什麼。

4. HOW TO ESCAPE BEING FOLLOWED
4.如何逃脫跟蹤

The obvious conversation that you should have with your child is to teach them about stranger danger.
很明顯你需要告訴孩子陌生人很危險。

More specifically, you should also teach them about the ways in which strangers can look. They don't always have a rough appearance and can appear to be perfectly normal.
更確切地說，你應該教他們怎麼辨別陌生人。他們並不都長的很兇惡，有些人長得十分普通。

It is also highly important to point out that no matter what a stranger says, you should never leave with them or get into their car. The code word can also be helpful in this situation.
還有很重要的一點是無論陌生人說什麼，孩子都不能和他們離開或到他們的車裏去。在這種情況下暗號也是很有用的。

Additionally, tell your child that if they are being followed or chased by somebody, to start running in the opposite direction to the car. This will buy them a few crucial moments as the car turns around.
此外，告訴你的孩子如果他們被跟蹤或被人追趕，朝着與車子方向相反的方向跑。車子需要轉彎，這可以爲他們爭取一下時間。

5. FIND A MOTHER WITH KIDS IF IN DANGER AND ALONE
5.如果獨自一人有危險，找一個帶着孩子的媽媽

If your child is feeling lost or unsafe, there is no guarantee that there will be a friendly shop owner or police officer around to help.
如果你們孩子覺得自己迷路了或者有危險，附近不一定總會有友善的店主或者是警察幫忙。

That's why you should tell your children to find a mother with her children if they can.
因此你需要告訴你的孩子：如果可以的話，找一個帶着孩子的媽媽。

This is not to say that people with children are automatically safe, but this option might just help in a stressful situation.
這並不意味着帶着孩子的人一定安全，但是這個選擇在比較危險的情形下或許會有所幫助。

6. WARN OTHERS IF YOU ARE IN DANGER
6.如果處於危險之中，警告他人

This tip is particularly useful as we often pass children having tantrums in adult's arms. In fact, we've seen it so many times, a lot of us have become immune to it.
這個小貼士尤其有用，因爲我們經常看到一些在大人懷裏發脾氣的小孩。實際上，我們已經看過太多次這樣的場景以至於有些人會對其免疫。

However, teaching your child to scream out words that would alarm others can be very useful if they ever end up in a dangerous situation.
然而，如果你的孩子處於危險之中，教他們大聲喊出來一些可以警告他人的話會十分有用。

Phrases such as 'Who are you?', 'Help!', 'Leave me alone, I don't know you!' and 'Where's my mum and dad?' will all arouse suspicion and alert others to the danger.
像“你是誰？”、“救命！”、“走開，我不認識你！”和“我爸媽在哪兒？”這些話都能引起他人的懷疑，並且警戒他人自己有危險。

7. FIGHTING BACK MIGHT BE NECESSARY
7.抵抗是必要的

Lastly, you need to teach your children to be destructive in order to draw attention.
最後，你需要教你的孩子爲了吸引他人注意而破壞一些東西。

If a stranger tries to take them, tell them that all manners are out of the window - and they are allowed to hit, scream and make a scene in order to attract attention.
如果一個陌生人試圖帶走他們，告訴他們這時候所有的禮儀都不需要了，他們可以打別人、尖叫、當衆大吵大鬧來吸引注意。

Natasha Daniels at Anxious Toddlers admits the 'chances are small' of your child being in such a perilous situation, but insists it's important to make sure they are alert.
Anxious Toddlers的娜塔莎-丹尼爾斯承認你的孩子置於此種危險的情況“機率很小”，但是她堅稱確保孩子們能保持機警是很重要的。

She writes: 'What I can teach my kids in 30 minutes might make the difference between life and death. And for that – it’s worth it.'
她寫道：“在30分鐘內我教給我孩子的東西可能會改變生死。因此，這很值得。”

A spokesman for child protection charity NSPCC said: ‘Going out without a parent is a natural step for children to take when the time is right, so it’s crucial they feel prepared and confident.
英國全國防止虐待兒童學會(NSPCC)的發言人稱：“時機成熟時，沒有家長陪同出門對於孩子來說是一個自然的步驟。所以他們感覺準備好了並且有自信是很重要的。”

'Whilst it’s true that most child abuse is committed by someone they know and although abuse by strangers is very rare, the risk is still there.
“儘管大多兒童虐待是孩子的親近之人作爲，而陌生人的虐待十分少見，但危險還是存在的。”

'When giving advice parents should not unnecessarily frighten a child. They should put the potential dangers in perspective otherwise it could inadvertently cause a child to feel anxious.
“在給孩子建議的時候，家長不要去嚇孩子。他們應該如實地描述潛在的危險，不然會在無意中讓孩子感到焦慮。”

'It can be a little bit daunting to let them take their first steps outside and alone, which is why we’ve developed a checklist to help parents prepare their children.' “讓孩子們踏出獨自外出的第一步會有點艱難，這就是爲什麼我們列出了一張清單來幫助家長指導孩子。”

HOW TO MAKE SURE YOUR CHILD IS SAFE - NSPCC CHECKLIST
如何確認你的孩子是安全的—NSPCC清單

• Address the risks by talking to your child early on about staying safe. Ask them what they would do if they were approached by a stranger.
•早些和孩子談到獨處時的安全問題，列出可能的危險。問孩子如果一個陌生人接近他們，他們會怎麼做。

• As soon as your child is able to understand, teach them their full name, address and two family phone numbers.
•當孩子開始有理解能力後，教他們全名，家庭地址以及兩個家庭電話號碼。

• Teach your child never to go off with anyone, not even someone they know, unless they’re able to contact you to check it’s OK.
•教你的孩子永遠不要私自和別人一起離開，即使那個人是他們認識的人。只有在他們聯繫你，確認之後纔可以。

• Set boundaries by being clear about any places you don’t want your child to go. Be willing to explain your decision so that your child understands your concerns.
•清楚地告訴他們你不想讓他們去的地方並且樂於解釋爲什麼你不想讓他們去這些地方，這樣他們才能理解你的擔憂。

• If they feel uncomfortable or scared at any point tell them that they can ring you at any time. If they can’t get reach you, advise them to approach someone in authority – whether that be a policeman, a shop assistant, a traffic warden, or someone similar, and explain that they are lost.
•無論何時，如果他們感到不舒服或者害怕，告訴他們隨時打電話給你。如果他們聯繫不上你，建議他們尋求權威人士的幫助—無論是警察、店員、交通管理員或者是類似的人，然後解釋說自己迷路了。

• Do a trial run to help build their confidence. Let your child take the lead when you’re out together and only correct them if they do something that puts them at risk.'
•通過場景模擬來建立信心。當你們一起出去的時候，讓你的孩子做主導，只需要在他們做了一些會將他們置於險境的事情時糾正一下。