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不再以貌取人!美利堅小姐選美比賽將取消比基尼項目

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說到選美比賽,你的眼前一定已經浮現起一些固定環節,比如泳裝秀、晚禮服秀和才智問答。可以說,穿着泳裝踩着高跟鞋走秀是大多數人心目中選美的代名詞

不過,美利堅小姐選美比賽主辦方正打算對這套成熟的範式做出突破性的變革。

不再以貌取人!美利堅小姐選美比賽將取消比基尼項目

The nearly century-old Miss America competition will drop its well-known swimsuit competition this year and will no longer judge contestants based on their physical appearance.

擁有近百年曆史的美利堅小姐大賽今年將取消其著名的泳裝比賽環節,不再以外貌評判選手。

"We are no longer a pageant, we are a competition. We will no longer judge our candidates on their outward physical appearance. That's huge," Gretchen Carlson, chair of the Board of Trustees of the Miss America Organization said Tuesday on ABC News' "Good Morning America."

6月5日,大賽董事會主席格雷琴•卡爾森在ABC新聞臺《早安美國》節目中表示:“美利堅小姐不再是一場選美,而是一場比賽。我們將不再以貌取人。這個改變具有重要意義。”

當天,美利堅小姐官方推特也做出迴應。他們發佈了一段白色比基尼的視頻,然後加上了#byebyebikini 的標籤。


The swimsuit competition will be replaced by a panel interview of contestants.

美利堅小姐的泳裝比賽環節將被分組問答環節取代。

參賽選手可以介紹自己的成就和目標,並闡述倘若當選美利堅小姐,會如何運用自己的才華與熱忱“不辱使命”。

The evening-wear portion of the competition will also be changed to allow women to wear something other than a gown if they want.

晚裝環節也有所改變,除晚禮服外,將允許選手根據個人意願穿着其他服飾。

主辦方將改制後的比賽稱爲“美利堅小姐2.0”。卡爾森稱,大賽將多多關注選手的才華、智慧和想法,對不同身材、不同體型的女性也將持開放態度。

美利堅小姐與泳裝的淵源

第一屆美利堅小姐誕生於1921年,參選佳麗由美國各州選出。當時主辦方的初衷不過是爲了多吸引幾個遊客到海灘遊玩,延長暑假氣氛。這一嘗試立竿見影,比賽當天有10萬餘觀衆來到現場觀看。


Miss America and swimsuits have been synonymous since its first contest on the Atlantic City boardwalk. But what started as contestants wearing one-piece bathing suits, conservative by today's standards, became women in revealing bikinis and high heels parading around for a leering television audience.

自在大西洋城木板人行道上舉行第一場比賽以來,美利堅小姐和泳裝一直是同義詞。起初,參賽者穿的是連體泳衣,但按今天的標準來看頗爲保守,後來變成了穿着暴露的比基尼和高跟鞋走來走去,吸引電視機前色眯眯的觀衆。

【科普】

這裏需要說明的是,美國有兩個“美國小姐”選美比賽。一個叫做Miss USA,一個叫做Miss America。選美界一般把Miss USA稱之爲美國小姐,而Miss America稱作美利堅小姐。

Miss America and Miss USA have long positioned themselves as different pageants. Miss USA is a for-profit show-business enterprise focused on beauty and whose contestants typically reveal more skin and do not have to perform a talent. Miss America is a noNPRofit, volunteer-run organization with affiliates in 50 states and in the District of Columbia.

這兩個選美比賽的定位一直是不同的。美國小姐是一個專注於外在美的盈利性商業表演活動,參賽者通常衣着更加暴露,且無需展現才藝。而美利堅小姐是一個非營利性志願組織,在美國50個州以及哥倫比亞都有分支機構。

美利堅小姐更注重內在美,設有才藝展示環節,參賽者大多爲學生。

#MeToo運動中選美比賽迎來新時代


近年來隨着女性平權意識的覺醒,美利堅小姐比賽一直備受爭議。一方面,他們鼓勵女性積極向上有所追求,還給優勝者發放獎學金;一方面又規定參賽選手一定要穿着暴露展示自己。

The organization's leaders have said for more than 20 years they had thought about altering the swimsuit competition. Until recently, though, they continued to defend it, asserting that the competition is about poise in uncomfortable situations and fitness, not thinness.

20多年來,該組織的領導者一直聲稱要對泳裝比賽做出改變。然而,直到最近他們還在繼續爲此辯護,稱該比賽的目的是在不舒適的情況下能夠保持優雅,強調健康而非苗條。

美利堅小姐比賽在2017年各州的評委指導手冊中指出:

"Regardless of what we may each believe about the role of the Miss America Organization's titleholders, the American public has an expectation that she will be beautiful and physically fit."

“不論我們每個人對美利堅小姐獲獎者的角色可能會有何種想法,美國大衆都期望她是漂亮且身體健康的。”

但一些曾經參加比賽的選手公開表達了對泳裝比賽的反對,稱其會導致嚴重的身體和心理問題。

2008年美利堅小姐冠軍克里斯滕•哈格倫德(Kirsten Haglund)5日在臉書上寫道,泳裝比賽環節“延續了對女性的物化,而非賦予她們更多力量(perpetuated the objectification of women more than it empowered them)”。

事實上,主辦方也曾考慮去掉泳裝比賽,還想過讓觀衆投票決定是否保留這個環節。1993 年,美利堅小姐比賽時任 CEO 倫納德•霍恩(Leonard Horn)曾表示:

"We are not stupid. We are very sensitive to the fact that the swimsuit competition has always been our Achilles' heel. The swimsuit competition has been controversial since the early 1920s, but it's been retained because the majority of the people like it."

“我們並不愚蠢,我們深知泳裝比賽是我們的致命弱點。自從上世紀20年代初以來,這個環節就一直備受爭議。但因爲很多人喜歡看,所以它才一直保留了下來。”

據《紐約時報》報道,1995 年的一項民意調查顯示,2/3 的觀衆都希望保留這個環節。

不少人猜測,美利堅小姐比賽此次下定決心進行改革,是爲了應對內部的性騷擾醜聞,並重新定義自己在#MeToo時代的位置。

The Miss America Organization has undergone a rapid change in the past six months. Carlson was named chairwoman in January, and several women were appointed to the organization's highest ranks.

過去六個月裏,美利堅小姐比賽組織經歷了一場迅速的變革。今年1月,卡爾森被任命爲大賽主席,多位女性進入組織高層。

卡爾森曾是美國知名電視評論員,代表明尼蘇達州獲得1989年美利堅小姐桂冠。近年來,她爲職場女性權益高調發聲,2016年還對福克斯前主席羅傑•艾爾斯(Roger Ailes)提起性騷擾訴訟。


Those changes came after emails surfaced in December showing that Sam Haskell, the former chief executive, had made disrespectful and misogynistic comments about former pageant winners.

在美利堅小姐發生這些變化之前,去年12月,多封電子郵件顯示,該組織的前首席執行官薩姆•哈斯凱爾對以前的比賽冠軍發表過不敬和歧視女性的言論。

各方反應

美利堅小姐的州競賽負責人們在兩天前得知了改革消息,他們對該公告的反應不一。一些人表示支持,另一些人則表達了失望。

佐治亞州小姐選美比賽主辦方在推特上向粉絲們承諾,將於下週進行的比賽依然包含泳裝比賽環節。

北卡羅來納小姐選美比賽的執行董事貝斯•諾克斯(Beth Knox)說,她爲這一發展感到激動:女性的目標和志向遠比她穿泳裝的模樣重要得多(A woman's goals and aspirations were far more important than how she looked in a swimsuit.)。

諾克斯在郵件中寫道:

"If people really listen with an open mind to the reason this change is being implemented, I just do not see how anyone could not support this improvement."

“如果人們能以開放的心態傾聽做出這個改變的原因,我想不會有人反對這個決定。”

目前還不清楚廣告商們對這一變化的態度。但《紐約時報》認爲,廣告行業應該比較樂見這種改變。報道稱:

“The industry has been working in recent years to improve how women are portrayed on TV both in commercials and in programming. The Association of National Advertisers has led an effort called #SeeHer that has been assigning scores to ads and some shows based on whether women are depicted respectfully and as good role models for other women and young girls. ”

“近年來廣告業一直在努力改進廣告和電視節目對女性形象的描繪。全美廣告商協會還專門發起了名爲#SeeHer 的活動,根據廣告或節目內容是否尊重女性,塑造的女性形象是否爲其他女性和年輕女孩樹立良好榜樣對其進行打分。”

#SeeHer活動主席史蒂芬•奎因( Stephen Quinn)對該報表示,他們堅決支持美利堅小姐做出的改變