細菌最愛藏在哪些地方?(組圖)
You've worked hard to make your house a beautiful, peaceful haven--but even super-tidy homes can harbor unwelcome germs. But, not to worry: have tracked down these germs and come up with simple strategies to get rid of them.
你已經非常努力地讓你的家成爲一個美麗、安寧的庇護所，但即使超級乾淨的家也會藏匿有討厭的細菌。不過不用擔心，“健康”網站已經追蹤到這些細菌，並想出了一些能夠消除它們的簡單策略。
1. Your toothbrush 牙刷
The human mouth contains about 100 million microbes per milliliter of saliva. Those microbes eat the same food you do, and when you brush, food particles and bacteria stick to your toothbrush.
在人類的口中，每毫升唾液含有大約一億個細菌。那些細菌和你吃同樣的食物，當你刷牙時，食物殘渣和細菌會粘在你的牙刷上。
Simple Fix 簡單解決辦法
After brushing, rinse your toothbrush with hot water and stand it up in a water glass to air-dry. Don't lay it on the counter, where it can gather other bathroom germs, and don't store it in a travel case, where bacteria can thrive in the moisture. You can even clean your toothbrush in the dishwasher once in a while.
刷完牙後，用熱水清洗牙刷，並將刷頭朝上放在水杯中風乾。不要將牙刷放在浴室檯面上，這樣會吸收浴室裏的其他細菌，也不要將牙刷放在旅行用的牙刷盒中，因爲潮溼的環境容易滋生細菌。你甚至可以偶爾將牙刷放在洗碗機中清潔一下。
2. Wet laundry 剛洗好的溼衣服
There's a tenth of a gram of feces hiding in every pair of underwear, and washing doesn't always remove it all. That means you can get E. coli on your hands every time you transfer underwear from the washer to the dryer. And a single soiled undergarment can spread those dangerous bacteria to the whole load.
每件內衣上都隱藏着十分之一克排泄物，而洗往往是洗不乾淨的。那也就是說你每次將內衣從洗衣機放入乾衣機時手上都會沾上大腸桿菌。一件髒的內衣會將那些危險的細菌傳播給整堆衣物。
Simple Fix 簡單解決辦法
Think 150 degrees, the temperature at which you should run your washer and dryer, to kill bacteria. Wash underwear separately, and wash whites with bleach, which kills 99.99% of bugs. Transfer wet laundry to the dryer quickly so germs don't multiply; dry for at least 45 minutes (or until the load is fully dry). Wash your hands after doing laundry, and run a cycle of bleach and water after laundering unmentionables3 to eliminate any lingering germs.
洗衣機和乾衣機的溫度要調到150華氏度(約65.5攝氏度)才能殺死細菌。內衣要分開洗，洗白色內衣時加入漂白劑能夠殺死99.99%的病菌。將洗好的溼衣服快速放入乾衣機裏，這樣細菌纔不會繁殖。要至少烘乾45分鐘(或者直到衣服完全烘乾)。洗完衣服後要洗手，並在洗完內衣後，在洗衣機裏倒入漂白劑和水運轉，以清除內衣留下的細菌。
3. The bathtub/shower 浴缸/淋浴間
Every time you take a bath or shower, you remove germs and viruses from your body. But all the bad stuff doesn't conveniently slide down the drain; some of it thrives if those surfaces stay moist.
每次你泡澡或淋浴時，都從身上洗掉了細菌和病毒。但所有那些髒東西並沒有順帶着流入下水道，如果地面是潮溼的，其中一些細菌又會死灰復燃。
Simple Fix 簡單解決辦法
Use a disinfecting cleanser once a week on the bathroom floor and sides of the tub and shower; rinse well and dry the surfaces with a towel. Keep the shower dry on a daily basis by using a squeegee4, and disinfect the squeegee weekly, too.
每週用消毒清潔劑清洗浴室地面、浴缸外側以及淋浴間，然後用毛巾擦乾。每天用刮水器保持淋浴間乾爽，每週還要給刮水器消毒。
4. Your cell phone and other tech stuff 你的手機以及其他科技產品
The things you touch a zillion times a day--iPhone, BlackBerry, keyboard, computer mouse--are big carriers of germs.
你每天碰觸無數次的東西——iPhone、黑莓手機、鍵盤、電腦鼠標—都是細菌的集中攜帶者。
Simple Fix 簡單解決辦法
Clean the surfaces of your phone or other tech devices with a disinfecting product. Any antibacterial wipe will work; just don't get your sensitive equipment too wet.
用消毒產品擦拭手機或其他科技產品的表面。任何抗菌擦拭用品都可以，只要不要把你易損壞的產品弄得太溼就行了。
5. Kitchen sink, countertop, and sponges 廚房洗滌槽、工作臺面和清潔海綿
There are lots of places for germs to hang out in the kitchen, including the drain in your sink, the countertop, and the sponges, rags, scrubbers. But for every germy hot spot in the kitchen, there's a smart and simple way to clean up.
廚房裏有很多地方可供細菌棲身，比如洗滌槽裏的排水管、工作臺面、清潔海綿、抹布和擦洗工具。不過針對廚房裏每個經常會有細菌的地方，都有一個簡單的清潔妙招。
Simple Fix 簡單解決辦法
After you rinse or cook food, clean the sink, counters, and faucet with soap and water or an antibacterial cleanser. It's tempting to leave your cleaning implement--a damp rag or sponge--hanging around to use the next day, but that could create a germ breeding ground. Instead, sanitize1 your sponge or brush in the dishwasher and your dishrags in the washing machine. To really disinfect the sink and drain, clean them twice a week with a solution of one tablespoon of bleach and one quart of water: scrub the basin, then pour the solution down the drain.
洗完食物或烹飪完食物後，用肥皂和水，或者用抗菌清潔劑清洗洗滌槽、廚房檯面以及水龍頭。人們往往將溼抹布、清潔海綿等清潔用品懸掛起來第二天繼續使用，不過那樣也會使它們成爲細菌的滋生地。不要那樣做，而是將清潔海綿或清潔刷放入洗碗機裏消毒，將抹布放入洗衣機裏清洗。若想要真正爲洗滌槽和排水管消毒，每週用一湯匙漂白劑和一夸脫(約946毫升)水的混合溶液清洗兩次：先擦洗洗滌槽，然後將混合溶液倒入排水管。
6. Your cutting boards 切菜板
Washing your food before eating removes some germs, of course, and cooking meat kills dangerous bacteria like salmonella. And you probably know it's smart to chop meats and veggies on separate boards. Still, almost 25% of food-sickness outbreaks are the result of kitchen mistakes, such as using contaminated cutting boards.
食物在吃前洗一下當然能夠去除一些細菌，肉經過烹飪可以殺死沙門氏菌等有害細菌。你可能知道切肉和切蔬菜的切菜板最好分開。不過，仍有差不多25%因食物引起的疾病都是由於廚房操作錯誤造成的，比如使用了被污染的切菜板。
Simple Fix 簡單解決辦法
If your food doesn't smell or feel right, throw it out. As for your cutting board, use glass or plastic, both of which are nonporous and most resistant to germs. When you're done with the board, wash it in hot, soapy water, and then spray it with a mixture of one teaspoon of bleach to 16 ounces of water that you keep in a clearly labeled spray bottle. Finally, rinse the cutting board again with hot water or toss it in the dishwasher. Got a beat-up board? Replace it. Bacteria can hide in a cutting board with lots of knife-cut indentations2.
如果你的食物聞起來或摸上去感覺不對，那麼就該扔掉。玻璃或塑料材質的切菜板不會滲漏，預防細菌滋生效果最好。用完切菜板後，用熱的肥皂水清洗，然後在16盎司(約28毫升)水中加入一茶匙漂白劑，將此混合液倒入一個噴霧瓶中，標識清楚，然後噴些混合液在切菜板上。最後，再次用熱水沖洗切菜板，或者將它放入洗碗機裏清洗。你的切菜板已經破舊了嗎？換掉它。細菌可能會隱藏在切菜板上菜刀切破的凹口裏。
