喝果汁來代替水果或會適得其反

People who ate at least two servings per week of whole fruits like blueberries, grapes and apples reduced their risk of Type 2 diabetes by up to 23%, according to research. But those who drank one or more servings of fruit juice each day increased their diabetes risk by roughly the same amount.
根據相關研究，如果每週吃兩次以上藍莓、葡萄、蘋果等水果，可以降低23%患2型糖尿病病的風險。然而，您要是天天喝果汁來代替吃水果的話，效果可就適得其反，會增加23%左右患糖尿病病的風險。

Eating whole fresh fruit, especially blueberries, grapes, apples and pears, is linked to a lower risk of Type 2 diabetes, but drinking fruit juice has the opposite effect, says a new study.
最新研究顯示，吃水果，特別是藍莓、葡萄、蘋果核梨子等水果會降低患2型糖尿病風險，而喝果汁卻會適得其反。

British, U.S. and Singaporean researchers pored over data from three big health investigations that took place in the United States, spanning a quarter of a century in all.
英國、美國和新加坡的研究員們共同就相關問題展開研究，以美國人的健康狀況爲研究對象，歷時四分之一個世紀，針對三項大的健康調查得出數據。

More than 187,000 nurses and other professional caregivers were enrolled.
這項研究共有超過187000的護士和健康從業人員參加。

Their health was monitored over the following years, and they regularly answered questionnaires on their eating habits, weight, smoking, physical activity and other pointers to lifestyle.
研究過程中，志願者的健康情況受到監控。他們還會定時完成關於飲食習慣、體重變化、是否吸菸、運動習慣等與健康相關的調查問卷。

Around 6.5 percent of the volunteers developed diabetes during the studies.
參與調查的志願者中，有大約百分之6.5的志願者在研究過程中被檢測到患上了糖尿病。

People who ate at least two servings each week of certain whole fruits, especially blueberries, grapes and apples, reduced their risk of Type 2 diabetes by as much as 23 percent compared to those who ate less than one serving per month.
在被研究對象裏，有習慣一週吃兩次以上水果，特別是藍莓、葡萄和蘋果等水果的志願者，相比那些一個月甚至更久都不吃水果的志願者，減小了23%患2型糖尿病的風險。"Our findings provide novel evidence suggesting certain fruits may be especially beneficial for lower diabetes risk," said Qi Sun, an assistant professor of nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health.
哈弗大學副教授Qi Sun告訴我們：“我們的研究發現，一些水果確實可以降低患糖尿病的機率。”

On the other hand, those who consumed one or more servings of fruit juice each day saw their risk of the disease increase by as much as 21 percent.
然而，那些每天都喝一杯或更多果汁的人卻增加了至少21%患糖尿病的機率。

Swapping three servings of juice per week for whole fruits resulted in a seven-percent reduction in risk, although there was no such difference with strawberries and cantaloupe melon.
如果一週只喝三次果汁，患糖尿病的機率會相對減小7%。所飲用果汁的種類，無論是草莓還是哈密瓜果汁或是其他水果汁，其結果沒有區別。

The paper, published on Friday by the British Medical Journal (BMJ), says further work is needed to to explore this "significant" difference.
這個研究的結果週五發表在英國的醫學期刊上。文章中提到，會繼續探食用水果和飲用果汁的之間的區別。

It speculates that, even if the nutritional values of whole fruit and fruit juice are similar, the difference lies with the fact that one food is a semi-solid and the other a liquid.
研究指出，水果和果汁的營養成分是近似的，唯一不同的是前者是半固體形態，後者是液體形態。

"Fluids pass through the stomach to the intestine more rapidly than solids even if nutritional content is similar," says the paper.
“儘管果汁和水果的營養成分近似，然而果汁從胃到腸子的時間更快。”文章中提到。

"For example, fruit juices lead to more rapid and larger changes in serum [blood] levels of glucose and insulin than whole fruits."The study also points to evidence that some kinds of fruit have a beneficial effect for health.
“果汁在迅速通過腸胃時引起血糖和胰島素的變化比吃水果所引起的血糖和胰島素的變化更爲顯著。”

Berries and grapes, for instance, have compounds called anthocyanins which have been found to lower the risk of heart attacks.
比如，莓類水果以及葡萄含一種叫做花青素的物質可以降低心臟病的機率。

But, say the authors, how or even whether this also applies to diabetes risks is for now unclear.
然而根據作者所述，這類水果是否會導致糖尿病病，怎樣的情況下會導致糖尿病至今還不是很清楚。