30歲時你該知道的10個工作建議大綱

During your first years in the workforce, you can expect to have a huge learning curve – not just about the details of your job, but about broader issues of how to manage your career and operate successfully in an office. How do you deal with difficult co-workers? Figure out if you're paid fairly? Understand what HR's convoluted memos mean?

當你還是職場小白時，一定有許多需要學習之處。你不僅要學習本職工作的點滴細節，還要把目光放寬放廣，比如學會如何管理職業生涯並勝任工作，如何與不合羣的同事相處，打聽工資是否合理，讀懂人力資源上司晦澀難懂的暗示。

You'll keep mastering work skills throughout your career, but here are 10 key things that you should make sure you know about work by the time you're 30.

你將在職業生涯中不斷掌握工作技能，但請確保你在30歲時領會了以下10條寶貴的工作建議。

How to talk to people much more senior than you. It's pretty common to be intimidated by company higher-ups or industry experts when you're just starting out in your career. But if you let yourself stay intimidated, it will keep you from forming relationships and gaining visibility with decision-makers, and that can hold you back professionally. Don't be shy about chatting with higher-ups or sharing your ideas when appropriate. The more you act like a colleague (which you are), the more you'll be seen that way.

如何與上級交談。初入職場時，被公司上級或行業專家的氣場所震懾是再正常不過的事。但如果你只是任憑自己被震懾而不敢向前，那麼你將失去和決策者們建立人際關係、並在他們面前刷存在感的機會，而這無疑會阻礙的你的事業發展。大膽一些，在合適的情況下不要害怕與上級交談或分享你的想法。你的舉止越是像同事（其實你的確是），上級就越能同樣看待你。

How to respond to critical feedback. Being able to listen to feedback about your work with an open mind is enormously important, because feedback is one of the most direct ways to get better at what you do. If you respond defensively or shut down, you'll prevent yourself from hearing important information, lose points with your boss and maybe even make it less likely that you'll hear information that could help you in the future. Instead, listen with an open mind and respond with something like, "This is really useful to hear," or "I appreciate you sharing this with me." If you can't stomach those, try, "I want to take some time to think about this, but I appreciate you telling me."

如何迴應批判性反饋。懷着虛心的態度聆聽別人對你的工作反饋十分重要，因爲反饋是讓你在工作中不斷進步的最直接途徑之一。如果你消極迴應或直接拒絕迴應，你將丟失重要信息，在上司那裏失分，甚至也更不可能獲得今後對你大有裨益的信息。所以反之，你需要帶着虛心的態度聆聽，以類似“聽君一席話，勝讀十年書”或“很感謝你的反饋”這樣的言辭作爲迴應。如果一時接受不了這些反饋，試着告訴對方“給我一點時間思考這個問題，還是很感謝你的反饋。”

How to negotiate salary when you get a job offer. People sometimes worry that they have to lay out an air-tight case when asking for more money, but it doesn't always have to be a long speech with evidence about your worth. More often than not, you can simply say "I was hoping you could go up to X amount. Is that possible?" or "Do you have any flexibility on the salary? I was hoping for X."

得到工作機會時如何協商薪資。許多時候人們總是擔心在要求加薪時得策劃一份縝密的方案，但你真沒必要對自己的價值大擺事實發表長篇大論。通常情況下，你只需要說“我希望您能把我的工資漲到X，這樣可以嗎？”或是“工資還有協商的餘地嗎？我的理想工資是X。”

How to figure out the market rate for your work. This can include asking other people in your field for their opinion, checking with professional organizations in your industry, looking at similar positions on online job boards to see if salary ranges are listed and talking to recruiters in your field – always making sure that you're factoring in your geographic area, which can have a big impact on the numbers.

如何弄清自己工作薪資的市場行情。具體方式包括：詢問其他從事該領域工作人員的意見，諮詢行業內專業組織，在網上求職平臺查找類似職位的薪資區間，和該領域招聘人員交談。你要確保以自身所處地理位置爲前提，這會對該職位薪資的市場行情有重要影響。

How to run a meeting. If you lose control of your meetings, let conversation spiral in any direction and don't start or finish on time, people will quickly begin dreading attending any meetings you're running. Instead, always have an agenda, be clear about what outcomes you're aiming for, be willing to redirect the conversation when needed, take your starting and ending times seriously and make sure everyone is clear on next steps before you wrap up. People will be far less likely to "miss seeing" your meeting invites when you do this.

如何主持會議。如果你無法掌控自己主持的會議，放任談話內容朝四面八方飛散，召開和結束會議的時間都不準時，那麼你的同事很快就不再會出席任何你主持的會議了。相反，你需要備有議程表，清楚會議應該取得的成果，在需要時主動把話題引回正軌，按時召開並結束會議，確保會議圓滿結束之前每個參與者都清楚下一步行動。如果你能做到這些，同事們就不大可能在你的會議上“缺席”了。

How to have a difficult conversation. Whether it's asking your co-worker to turn down their music, telling your boss you're quitting or letting an employee go, you're going to have tough conversations over the course of your career. Your life will be much better if you get comfortable with being straightforward. That doesn't mean rude, of course; you can be direct and kind at the same time, but you do need to assert yourself and get comfortable with difficult topics. Speaking of direct ...

如何應對尷尬的談話。不論是讓同事把音樂聲關小，告訴老闆要辭職還是讓員工走人，這些都是你在職業生涯中會經歷的尷尬場面。如果你可以坦然直言，那你的生活會輕鬆許多。當然直言並不意味着粗魯，因爲你可以在直接表達自身想法的時候，也表現自己善良真誠的一面。但是你要堅持自己的立場，面對這些尷尬的話題也能泰然自若。直言……

How to stand up for yourself politely and professionally. There may be times when your employer does something that you need to push back on – for example, offering you a promotion with significantly more responsibility but no raise, expecting you to work unreasonable hours for months on end or violating a labor law. In these cases, it's key to know how to professionally advocate for yourself. Usually that means being assertive but not aggressive, calmly explaining the issue and being direct about what you need. For example: "I'm happy to pitch in when needed, but this schedule has me working seven days a week for the next month with only two days off. I'm not able to do that because of commitments outside of work, so let's talk about how else we can structure this."

如何禮貌而又專業地維護自己。有時候面對老闆的某些作爲，你需要加以推辭，例如，給你升職，但是隻增加了更多的工作職責，卻沒有加薪，希望你數月連續加班或違反勞動合同法等。在這些情況下，最關鍵的是要知道如何有理有據的維護自己。通常情況下，這意味着你必須義正言辭地維護自己的權益，但又不能帶有攻擊性，你要冷靜地給出自己的解釋並坦言自己的需求。例如，你可以這麼說：“當公司確實需要我的時候我願意赴湯蹈火，但下個月每週工作七天，月休兩天的不合理安排，實在讓我沒法接受，因爲這超出了我的工作責任範圍，所以讓我們談談如何更改一下這樣的日程安排吧。”

What you're good at and what you're not so good at. Early in your career, it's pretty normal not to have a well-refined sense of where you shine and where you don't. But if you've been working for most of your 20s, by the end of them you should have fairly nuanced information about what you're better at than others, what you're much better at than others, what you want to work on improving in and what you should probably avoid altogether.

明確你工作中的強項和弱項。在你職業生涯的初期，你可能無法準確判斷自己的閃光點以及弱勢，這都很正常。但是如果你已經工作到快奔三的年齡，那就應該清楚地知道自己在哪些方面比較擅長，哪些方面尤其具備優勢，哪方面還需提升，以及哪方面則完全需要敬而遠之。

What to do when you make a mistake. At some point, you're going to make a mistake at work because you're human. When you do, how you handle it will often matter more than the mistake itself. The key is to take responsibility for what happened; don't make excuses or be defensive. Let your boss know what happened and – this is crucial – how you plan to ensure it doesn't happen again. If you do that, you'll have proactively addressed what your manager probably cares about most and he or she is less likely to impress the seriousness of the mistake on you.

如何處理自己所犯的錯誤。人非聖賢，孰能無過，所以有時在工作中，你也難免會犯錯。當你犯錯後，重要的是如何解決問題而非糾結於錯誤本身；你要爲自己所犯的錯誤承擔責任，而不是找藉口爲自己辯護。你要跟老闆坦白自己的過錯，這點也很關鍵；此外，你還需要跟老闆保證下不爲例。以上都是當你犯錯後，老闆最在意的方面，如果這些你都能積極主動地做到，那麼老闆很可能就不那麼在意錯誤本身的嚴重性。

Your reputation matters. Your reputation for doing great work and being easy to work with is what will give you more and more professional options over time. It's what will let you avoid bad jobs and bad bosses and what will give you a safety net when you need to leave a job quickly or find a new one across the country. That means that it's not worth doing things like leaving a job without notice or telling off your boss, and it's worth it to go above and beyond to build a reputation for excelling.

你的聲譽很重要。假如你有這樣的聲譽--能做大事，同你一起工作輕鬆而又愉快，那麼在你往後的職業生涯中，會因此獲得越來越多的職業選擇。這樣的聲譽會讓你避開糟糕的工作和老闆，而且，在你馬上要離職或需要在國內找到一份新工作時，它還會成爲你的後盾。擁有這意味着，不要做些不值當的事，例如離職時不告知你的老闆或不辭而別。追求突破，努力樹立自己的良好聲望纔是最值得的事。