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印度財長 印度經濟增速將超越中國

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India is on track to overtake China with annual growth of more than 8 per cent as the government starts its second year in power by accelerating plans for economic reform and pledging to resolve tax disputes with investors, according to the country’s finance minister.

印度財長表示,印度將有望超越中國,實現8%以上的年度經濟增長。他說,印度政府進入第二年任期將加快經濟改革計劃,並承諾解決當局與投資者之間的稅務糾紛。

Rounding on critics who have complained about a lack of “big bang” reforms, Arun Jaitley said in an interview with the Financial Times that he was planning a “huge” public investment programme and the launch of “strategic” privatisations.

阿倫•亞特力(Arun Jaitley)在接受英國《金融時報》採訪時,駁斥了那些抱怨印度缺乏“大爆炸式”改革的批評者。他表示,他在規劃一個“巨大”的公共投資計劃,並將推出“戰略性”的私有化計劃。

印度財長 印度經濟增速將超越中國

“We have restored the credibility of the decision-making process in India,” he said. “Our growth rates are much faster, our job creation is faster, our fiscal deficit is totally coming under control, our current account deficit has never been as good.”

“我們已經恢復了印度決策過程的可信度,”他說。“我們的增長速度快多了,我們的就業創造加速了,我們的財政赤字即將完全進入可控範圍,我們的經常賬戶赤字狀況空前良好。”

Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Bharatiya Janata party won a landslide victory in last May’s general election on promises to end corruption and rejuvenate India’s sagging economy. But they have ended their first year facing a tax row with global fund managers, parliamentary delays to a land law and grumbles from business leaders disappointed by the gradualist approach to reform.

去年5月,印度總理納倫德拉•莫迪(Narendra Modi)和他的印度人民黨(Bharatiya Janata party)以終結腐敗和振興印度的疲軟經濟爲競選綱領,在大選中贏得壓倒性勝利。但在結束第一年任期之際,本屆政府面臨着與全球基金管理公司的稅務糾紛、土地法在議會的延誤,以及商界領袖對於漸進式改革感到失望的抱怨。

Mr Jaitley, however, pledged to push a more assertive agenda during the next phase of the government’s five-year term, including a bankruptcy law to help restart private investment and a plan to pump billions of dollars into irrigation, roads and other projects to boost the country’s large rural economy.

然而,亞特力承諾在政府五年任期的下一階段推動一項更加堅定有力的議程,其中包括破產法以幫助重啓私營部門投資,以及一份向水利、道路等項目投入巨資的計劃,以提振該國龐大的農村經濟。

“We are looking at a bankruptcy court. We are looking at a dispute resolution mechanism in relation to public contracts. We are looking at public procurement law,” he said. “We are looking at a policy where we could perhaps eliminate a large number of prior permissions [for projects] and replace them with a regulatory mechanism.”

“我們正在研究設立一個破產法庭。我們正在研究建立一個涉及公共合同的糾紛解決機制。我們正在研究公共採購法,”他表示。“我們正在研究一項政策,或許可以取消(各類項目的)大量事先審批要求,以一個監管機制取而代之。”

Mr Jaitley added: “In the last one year, every decision we have taken points to one direction: we’ve been trying to reform and liberalise. In the next few years of this government’s term we intend to step up a huge amount of investment as far as rural infrastructure is concerned.”

亞特力補充說:“在過去一年期間,我們作出的每一個決策都指向一個方向:我們一直在努力推進改革和自由化。在本屆政府任期的未來幾年內,我們打算在農村基礎設施方面大舉加大投資力度。”

The Indian finance minister was confident that the world’s largest democracy could grow at a faster pace than China, saying “I think we can do even better” than the more than 7 per cent a year achieved by its rival and neighbour. But he added that outpacing China’s growth “doesn’t give me satisfaction” as the Chinese economy was still much larger.

印度財長相信,全球人口最多的民主國家能夠在增長速度上超過中國。他表示,相比競爭對手和鄰國每年7%以上的經濟增長,“我認爲我們可以做得更好”。但他補充說,在增速上超越中國“不能讓我滿意”,因爲中國經濟的絕對規模仍然大得多。

Mr Jaitley said the central government alone would boost infrastructure spending in this financial year by $11bn. The government has already announced a plan for $137bn of spending on the railways over the next five years.

亞特力表示,本財年僅中央政府就將增加基礎設施支出110億美元。政府已經宣佈了未來五年在鐵路建設上支出1370億美元的計劃。

On tax, he said “in the next few days” he would announce the scope of a committee designed to defuse a $6bn tax row with global investors and tackle a range of other “legacy” problems over retrospective tax demands that had dented the country’s reputation.

在稅務問題上,他表示,他將“在接下來的幾天裏”宣佈一個委員會的權限,該委員會旨在化解當局與全球投資者之間60億美元的稅務糾紛,並處理有關追溯性稅收要求的一系列其他“遺留”問題,這些問題已經影響了印度的聲譽。

Mr Jaitley, despite opposition from the Congress party in the upper house of parliament, said he was determined to stick to his target for introducing a long-delayed nationwide goods and services tax, which would replace a plethora of state fees and taxes and transform India’s 29 states into a single market as well as proving the government’s commitment to economic reform.

儘管在議會上院遭遇國大黨(Congress party)反對,但亞特力表示,他決心堅持自己的目標,出臺拖延已久的全國範圍的商品及服務稅,該稅種將取代繁多的各邦稅費,使印度29個邦變成一個單一市場,同時證明政府的經濟改革決心。

“I want to beat the deadline of 1st April 2016,” he said. “I’m conscious of the fact that it’s cutting [it] fine. But yet I want to make a huge effort.”

“我想趕在2016年4月1日的最後期限之前,”他說。“我意識到時間很緊的事實。但我還是想付出巨大努力。”

Mr Jaitley said he had no plans “at the moment” to fully privatise big state-controlled banks and energy companies, but he would launch a “strategic disinvestment” programme this year to sell lossmaking public businesses such as government-owned hotel groups.

亞特力表示,他“眼下”沒有計劃完全私有化大型國有控股的銀行和能源公司,但他將在今年發起“戰略撤資”計劃,出售虧損的公共企業,如政府擁有的酒店集團。

He added that Mr Modi’s administration had tackled corruption and that people no longer lined up “for favours” in government offices in New Delhi.

他補充說,莫迪政府已經對腐敗採取了行動,在新德里的政府部門,不再有人排隊請求“關照”。

The sum total of incremental reforms was “significant”, Mr Jaitley said. “We think compared to most countries we are doing much better, and if you continue to accelerate our reforms and are able to bring in more capital into India, this is a real chance for us.”

亞特力表示,這些小步改革的總量是“顯著的”。“我們認爲,與多數國家相比,我們做的好得多。只要繼續加快我們的改革,並能夠吸引更多資本進入印度,這將是我們的一個真正機會。”