年時報影評人心中的最佳電影(2)

The film critics of The New York Times — Manohla Dargis and A. O. Scott — share their picks for the best movies of the year.

時報影評人曼諾拉·達吉斯(Manohla Dargis)與A·O·斯科特(A. O. Scott)分享他們挑選的年度最佳電影。

Manohla Dargis

曼諾拉·達吉斯

11. Another 26 Favorites — because why not? Many of these could have made my top 10 on another day. “’71,” “Amy,” “Anomalisa,” “Blackhat,” “Chi-Raq,” “Ex Machina,” “Experimenter,” “Gett: The Trial of Viviane Amsalem,” “The Good Dinosaur,” “The Great Man,” “Inside Out,” “Joy,” “Lost Landscapes of Los Angeles,” “Magic Mike XXL,” “Office,” “Results,” “The Revenant,” “Seymour: An Introduction,” “Shaun the Sheep Movie,” “Spy,” “Straight Outta Compton,” “Tangerine,” “Timbuktu,” “Trainwreck,” “White God” and “The Wolfpack.”

11. 另外26部我喜愛的影片——爲什麼不呢？其中很多影片本可以躋身我的十佳之列的。《迷失1971》(’71)、《艾米》(Amy)、《失常》(Anomalisa)、《駭客交鋒》(Blackhat)、《芝拉克》(Chi-Raq)、《機械姬》(Ex Machina)、《實驗者》(Experimenter)、《訴訟》(Gett: The Trial of Viviane Amsalem)、《恐龍當家》(The Good Dinosaur)、《偉人》(The Great Man)、《頭腦特工隊》(Inside Out)、《奮鬥的喬伊》(Joy)、《洛杉磯消逝的風景》(Lost Landscapes of Los Angeles)、《魔力麥克2》(Magic Mike XXL)、《辦公室》(Office)、《結果》(Results)、《荒野獵人》(The Revenant)、《西默簡介》(Seymour: An Introduction)、《小羊肖恩》(Shaun the Sheep Movie)、《女間諜》(Spy)、《衝出康普頓》(Straight Outta Compton)、《橘色》(Tangerine)、《廷巴克圖》(Timbuktu)、《生活殘骸》(Trainwreck)、《白色上帝》(White God)及《狼羣》(The Wolfpack)。

12. Most Hopeful Sign At one point, you could feel the status quo shift as it became O.K. to talk about discrimination in the industry not just openly but also loudly. Viola Davis spoke out, as did Jennifer Lawrence, who went public about making less than her male co-stars. “I didn’t want to seem ‘difficult’ or ‘spoiled,’” she wrote in the newsletter Lenny, speaking for many, including those with far more modest paychecks.

12. 最有希望的跡象。有段時間，你會覺得現狀已經改善了，人們可以公開大聲談及業內的歧視現象。維奧拉·戴維斯(Viola Davis)出來說話，詹妮弗·勞倫斯(Jennifer Lawrence)公開談起，自己比片中的合作男星片酬少。“我不想被視爲‘難搞’或者‘被寵壞了’，”她在簡報《倫尼》(Lenny)中爲許多人發言，其中包括許多薪酬更低的人們。

13. Even Better In October, The Los Angeles Times reported that the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission was investigating gender discrimination in the industry, just as the American Civil Liberties Union requested state and federal agencies do after it conducted its own inquiry.

13. 還有更好的。10月，《洛杉磯時報》報道，平等工作機會委員會正在調查這個行業內的性別歧視現象，美國民權同盟要求各州與聯邦機構繼自己之後各自進行調查。

14. On the Other Hand Here is an estimate of the movies directed by women that were released by major studios this year: Warner Bros. (five! — Lana Wachowski, Anne Fletcher, Dana Nachman, Nancy Meyers, Patricia Riggen); Universal (three — Sam Taylor Johnson, Elizabeth Banks, Angelina Jolie); Disney (one — Niki Caro); Paramount (0); Fox (0); and Sony (0). (I excluded Fox and Sony’s specialty units.)

14. 另一方面。下面是一份今年大製片公司發行，由女導演執導的粗略名單：華納兄弟五部！包括拉娜·沃卓斯基(Lana Wachowski)、安妮·弗萊徹(Anne Fletcher)、黛娜·納徹曼(Dana Nachman)、南希·邁耶斯(Nancy Meyers)和派翠西亞·萊根(Patricia Riggen)。環球影業三部，包括薩姆·泰勒·約翰遜(Sam Taylor Johnson)、伊麗莎白·班克斯(Elizabeth Banks)和安吉麗娜·朱莉(Angelina Jolie)；迪斯尼一部，尼基·卡羅(Niki Caro)。派拉蒙零部。福克斯零部。索尼零部。我沒有把福克斯和索尼的獨立部門包括進去。

15. An Amazing Coincidence One of the studios with the most on-screen diversity — it released “Trainwreck” and “Straight Outta Compton” (if also “Ted 2”) — and with the most female directors is Universal, which, as of early December, had gobbled up almost 24 percent of the year’s market share.

15. 有趣的巧合。環球影業是題材最具多樣性的製片公司之一，它發行了《生活殘骸》，也發行了《衝出康普頓》，還有《泰迪熊2》(Ted 2)。環球影業的女導演也是最多的，12月初，它佔據了今年24%的市場份額。

16. Most Ignored Truism “There’s a myth in the business that young males drive the box office,” Tom Rothman, the chairman of Sony Pictures Entertainment’s motion picture group, told The Hollywood Reporter in November. In this same interview, Alan F. Horn, the chairman of the Walt Disney Studios, tried to make it simple: “There are variables that do affect what one pays any performer. Angelina Jolie, for example, got a lot more money for ‘Maleficent’ than Daisy Ridley did for ‘Star Wars,’ but they’re both women.” (Gee, thanks, Alan!)

16. 最受忽視的真相。“這個行業內有一個神話，就是年輕男性主導着票房，”11月，索尼電影娛樂公司電影組主席湯姆·羅斯曼(Tom Rothman)在接受《好萊塢報道者》(Hollywood Reporter)採訪時說。在同一次採訪中，沃爾特·迪士尼公司的主席艾倫·F·霍恩(Alan F. Horn)試圖把問題簡化，“演員薪酬受很多變量影響。比如說，安吉麗娜·朱莉出演《沉睡魔咒》(Maleficent)的片酬就比黛西·雷德利(Daisy Ridley)出演《星球大戰》(Star Wars)高，但她們都是女性。”（哦，多謝了艾倫！）

17. Most Complex Hurdle As of Dec. 7, seven out of 20 domestic top-grossing movies released this year had female-driven stories, according to the website Box Office Mojo. By contrast, five out of 20 female-driven stories topped the international market, which accounts for some 70 percent of the industry’s revenue. This may look bad, but the numbers appear marginally better than they have in recent years.

17. 最複雜的障礙。根據Box Office Mojo網站統計，截止到12月7日，今年發行的20部票房最高的影片中，有7部是由女性主導的。與之形成對照的是，20部由女性爲主導的影片中，有五部在全球票房領先，而海外票房佔據了電影業收入的70%。這看上去可能很糟，但是比近年的數據要好一點。

18. Most Interesting Apology (tie) On Nov. 18, The Hollywood Reporter disgorged a 1,200-plus word apology for not including any nonwhite performer in its Oscar actress round table. Soon after, the director Alex Proyas and Lionsgate apologized for the lack of diversity in the cast in their new movie “Gods of Egypt.”

18. 最有趣的道歉（並列）。11月18日，《好萊塢報道者》發表了一份1200多字的道歉，因爲它的“奧斯卡女星圓桌會議”沒有邀請非白人演員出席。很快，導演亞歷克斯·普羅亞斯(Alex Proyas)和獅門公司就爲新片《埃及衆神戰》(Gods of Egypt)中的演員缺乏多樣性而道歉。

19. Going, Going, Almost Gone Quentin Tarantino shot his latest, “The Hateful Eight,” in 70 millimeter, and the film is slated to play in almost 100 theaters that, like most of rooms across the country, now usually use digital projection. Whatever you think of Mr. Tarantino, try to catch “The Hateful Eight” on film so you can see for yourself how the industry-enforced switch to digital has radically changed movies.

19. 前進直至消失。昆汀·塔倫蒂諾(Quentin Trantino)用70毫米膠片拍攝了新片《八惡人》(The Hateful Eight)，這部影片將在將近100家影院上映，它們和全國大多數影院一樣，通常使用數碼放映。不管你對塔倫蒂諾有何看法，你都應該去影院看《八惡人》，這樣你就可以自己看看，這個行業被迫轉向數碼，對電影究竟產生了多大的影響。

20. Best Advice for Movie Lovers In August, the scholar Wheeler Winston Dixon sounded an alarm: “If you go on Amazon and you see some great black-and-white film, and it’s going for $3, or any kind of foreign or obscure film, buy it, because it’s going out of print, and they’re not going to put them back into print.” Tens of thousands of films that were on VHS never made the jump to DVD or to Blu-ray, Mr. Dixon warns. And the brave new world of downloads (a.k.a. electronic sell-through) — well, tune in next year.

20. 對電影愛好者的最佳建議。8月學者韋勒·溫斯頓·迪克森(Wheeler Winston Dixon)發出了警告：“如果你上亞馬遜，看到什麼精彩的黑白電影賣三美元，或者其他什麼外國電影和鮮爲人知的電影，趕快買下來，因爲它就要絕版了，他們不會再出版它們了。”成千上萬這種VHS格式的電影不會被做成DVD格式或藍光格式，迪克森警告說。而下載的美麗新世界（又名電子銷售）明年將是好年頭。