兩名經濟學家憑藉契約理論問鼎諾貝爾獎

Two economists Oliver Hart and Bengt Holmstrom have won the 2016 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. Both of them will share 8 million kronor, or about $930,000.

今年的諾貝爾經濟學獎最終花落兩位經濟學家--奧利弗·哈特和本特·霍爾姆斯特倫。他們倆人會分享800萬瑞典克朗（摺合約93萬美元）的獎金。

Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has selected them for their contributions to contract theory.

瑞典皇家科學院依據二人對契約理論的貢獻，從而最終選中了他們。

Oliver Hart was born in 1948 in London, UK. He holds Ph.D. from Princeton University, US. Presently, he is Andrew E. Furer Professor of Economics at Harvard University, US.

奧利弗·哈特於1948年出生在英國倫敦。他在美國普林斯頓大學獲得博士學位。目前，他是美國哈佛大學是Andrew E. Furer經濟學教授。

Bengt Holmstrom was born in 1949 in Helsinki, Finland. He holds Ph.D. from Stanford University, US. Presently he is the Professor of Economics and Management at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), US.

本特·霍爾姆斯特倫於1949年出生在芬蘭赫爾辛基。他在美國斯坦福大學獲得博士學位。現在他是美國麻省理工學院經濟與管理學教授。

Their individual theories are valuable to the understanding of real-life contracts and institutions, as well as potential pitfalls in contract design.

兩人的理論對於理解現實生活中的契約與制度，以及契約設計中的潛在缺陷十分有價值。

For example, contract theory can be used to analyze performance-based pay for CEOs or deductibles and co-pays for insurance.

比如，契約理論可以用來分析首席執行官們的績效工資制度，或免賠額及共付保險。

The economics prize is not an original Nobel Prize. It was added to the others in 1968 by Sweden's central bank.

諾貝爾經濟學獎並非諾貝爾最初設立的獎項，而是瑞典央行在1968年增設的一個獎項。