Vape 牛津詞典評出年度熱詞
As 2014 draws to a close, it’s time to look back and see which words have been significant throughout the past twelve months, and to announce the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year. Without further ado, we can exclusively reveal that the Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2014 is….
站在2014的尾巴上，是時候回顧一下在過去的12個月裏最有影響力的單詞，宣佈其爲年度牛津詞典詞王。我們可以當即宣佈2014年度牛津詞典單詞僅屬於……Vape
吸電子煙
Although there is a shortlist of strong contenders, it was vape that emerged victorious as Word of the Year.
雖然有力的競爭者有一大單，年度單詞的勝利還是歸屬於‘vape(吸電子煙)’。
What does vape mean?
Vape是什麼意思？So, what does vape mean? It originated as an abbreviation of vapour or vaporize. The definition was added in August 2014: the verb means ‘to inhale and exhale the vapour produced by an electronic cigarette or similar device’, while both the device and the action can also be known as a vape. The associated noun vaping is also listed.
那麼，vape是啥意思呢？它源於vapour（蒸汽）或vaporizer（蒸發）的縮寫。其釋義於2014年8月錄入牛津詞典網：動詞的意思爲“吸入或呼出電子煙亦或相似裝置的蒸汽”，且裝置和吸呼的動作也可被稱作“vape”。相關名詞vaping也被提名了。Why was vape chosen?
爲什麼選擇vape？As e-cigarettes (or e-cigs) have become much more common, so vape has grown significantly in popularity. You are thirty times more likely to come across the word vape than you were two years ago, and usage has more than doubled in the past year.
隨着電子煙（簡寫爲e-cigs）越來越普及，吸電子煙也被變得越來越大衆。你發現vape這個單詞出現的頻率比兩年前高出30倍，也比去年用的頻率翻了一倍。Usage of vape peaked in April 2014 – as the graph below indicates – around the time that the UK’s first ‘vape café’ (The Vape Lab in Shoreditch, London) opened its doors, and protests were held in response to New York City banning indoor vaping. In the same month, the issue of vaping was debated by The Washington Post, the BBC, and the British newspaper The Telegraph, amongst others.
如下圖顯示，Vape的使用頻率到2014年4月到達頂峯。英國的第一家”吸電子煙咖啡廳”（位於倫敦肖迪奇的“吸電子煙實驗室”）在此時開張，針對紐約禁止室內抽電子煙的抗議也被髮起。在同月，吸電子煙的問題被華盛頓郵報、BBC和英國電訊報及其他媒體爭相討論。The language of vaping
vaping的語言Vape is also the modifier for other nouns, creating new compound nouns which are growing in popularity. The most common of these are vape pen and vape shop, and there is also recent evidence for vape lounge, vape fluid, vape juice, and others. Related coinages include e-juice, carto, and vaporium – as well as the retronym tobacco cigarette for traditional cigarettes. (A retronym is a new term created from an existing word in order to distinguish the original word from a later development – for example, acoustic guitar developing after the advent of the electric guitar.)
Vape也是其他名詞的修飾語，創建了越來越多的新流行的複合名詞。其中最常見的是vape pen（鋼筆改裝的電子煙）和vape shop（電子煙商店），也有最近流行的vape lounge, vape fluid, vape juice等等。相關的新詞彙包括e-juice, carto,和vaporium，還有傳統香菸的返璞詞菸草香菸。（返璞詞就是從一個已有的詞中創出一個新詞，這是爲了將原始詞和隨後的變形區分開來——舉個例子，電子吉他出現後有了原聲吉他。）Vape before vaping
在vaping前的vapeYou may be surprised to learn that the word vaping existed before the phenomenon. Although e-cigarettes weren’t commercially available until the 21st century, a 1983 article in New Society entitled ‘Why do People Smoke?’ contains the first known usage of the term. The author, Rob Stepney, described what was then a hypothetical device:
你會驚奇的發現單詞vaping在此現象出現前已經存在了。雖然直到21世紀電子煙才能在市場上買到，在1983年，《新社會》上一篇題爲“人們爲何抽菸？”的文章第一次用到了這個單詞。作者羅伯·斯特普尼解釋了這個假想裝置：“an inhaler or ‘non-combustible’ cigarette, looking much like the real thing, but…delivering a metered dose of nicotine vapour. (The new habit, if it catches on, would be known as vaping.)”
“一隻吸入器或者說“不可燃煙”看上去和真貨沒差，但是……輸出了一定劑量的尼古丁蒸汽。（這個新嗜好，如果流行起來，就會被稱爲vaping。）”However, despite these early beginnings, Oxford Dictionaries research shows that it wasn’t until 2009 that this sense of vape (and vaping) started to appear regularly in mainstream sources.
然而，儘管這個嗜好很早就有了，牛津詞典調查研究顯示直到2009年vape（和vaping）這個詞才固定的出現在主流媒體中。
