維生素片並不會使人快樂

Most of the popular vitamin and mineral supplements people take do not boost health, a major study says. Some could even increase the risk of death, scientists claim. Their research concludes only folic acid is proven to reduce risks of heart disease or stroke.

一項有意義的研究表明：人們服用的大多數受歡迎的維生素和礦物質補充劑並不能促進健康。科學家聲稱，有些補充劑甚至會增加人們的死亡率。他們的研究得出這樣的結論：只有葉酸被證明能降低人們患心臟病或中風的風險。

They looked at the latest five years of reviews of the most common supplements taken, incl?uding vitamins A, B1, B2, B3 (niacin), B6, B9 (folic acid), C, D and E. Multivitamins , vitamin C and D and calcium showed no advantage or added risk in prevention of cardiovascular disease, heart attacks, strokes or early death.

他們研究了最常被服用的補充劑的近五年綜述，包括維生素A、維生素B1、維生素B2、維生素B3（尼克酸）、維生素B6、維生素B9（葉酸）、維生素C、維生素D和維生素E。研究表明，多種維生素、維生素C、維生素D和鈣元素在預防心血管疾病、心臟病發作、中風或早逝方面並沒有優勢、也不會增加風險。

But B3 and antioxidants showed a very small increased risk of death from any cause. Lead author Dr David Jenkins, University of Toronto, said: "We were surprised to find so few positive effects of the most common supplements. Our review found that if you want to use multivitamins, vitamin D, calcium or vitamin C, it does no harm, but there is no apparent advantage, either."

但研究表明，維生素B3和抗氧化劑會小幅度增加死亡率。多倫多大學的首席研究員大衛·詹金斯博士說道："我們十分驚訝，因爲這些最常見的補充劑只能帶來一點點的積極影響。我們的綜述發現，如果你服用多種維生素、維生素D、鈣元素或維生素C，並不會帶來危害，但也不會帶來明顯的好處。"

In the absence of significant positive data, apart from folic acid's potential reduction in the risk of stroke or heart disease, it's most beneficial to rely on a healthy diet to get your fill of vitamins and minerals.

在沒有顯著積極數據的情況下，除了葉酸可能會降低患中風或心臟病的風險之外，依靠健康的飲食來補充維生素和礦物質是最爲有益的方式。

The study, of reviews from January 2012 to October 2017 and published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology yesterday, added people with specific deficiencies should take supplements according to professional advice. Only one supplement was found to reduce risks of heart disease or stroke.

該研究綜述查看了2012年1月至2017年10月的研究，並於昨日發表於《美國心臟病學會雜誌》（Journal of the American College of Cardiology）。綜述補充道，缺乏某些維生素的人應該根據專業建議服用補充劑。研究只發現一種補充劑有降低心臟病或中風風險的潛能。

In 2016, Public Health England recommended taking vitamin D tablets daily. NHS Choices gives advice for people at risk of deficiencies. It adds: "Most people get the vitamins and minerals they need by eating a healthy, balanced diet. Taking [supplements] too much may be harmful."

2016年，英格蘭公共衛生局建議每天服用維生素D片。NHS Choices給缺維生素的人提出了建議："大多數人可以通過健康的、均衡的飲食獲得他們所需的維生素和礦物質。服用太多的補充劑可能會帶來危害。"