英語段落寫作技巧學習
段落是構成篇章的基礎,學習英文篇章必須從段落寫作開始。下面是本站小編帶來的英語段落寫作技巧，歡迎閱讀!
主題句與推展句
1. 主題句
主題句(topic sentence)是表達段落主題的句子。它用以概括段落大意，要求全段其他文字都圍繞它展開。請看下例：
My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others. Don't argue with parents; they will think you don't love them. Don't argue with children; they will think themselves victimized. Don't argue with spouses; they will think you are a tiresome mate. Don't argue with strangers; they will think you are not friendly. My mother's rules, in fact, can be summed up in two words: Don't argue.
主題句中提出的 "certain rules" 指的是什麼?展開句中通過四個 "Don't argue --" 逐一加以交代。從結構來看，這是一個比較典型的段落，它包括了主題句，推展句和結論句(即本段中的末句)。
1.1 主題句的位置
主題句通常放在段落的開端，其特點是開門見山地擺出問題，然後加以詳細說明。其作用是使文章的結構更清晰，更具說服力，便於讀者迅速地把握主題和想象全段的內容。主題句可以放在段中起到承上啓下的作用，或放在段尾起概括全段的作用。但初學者比較難於掌握，因而在四級考試中，考生應儘量採用將主題句放在段落開頭的寫作手法。
例1: Our life today depends very much on energy. In towns and in villages, on farms and in factories, machines have made life easier than it used to be. The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods -- everything. Factories and industrial plants use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell.
這段文字所講的主要是能源問題。第一句就概括性地提出“我們目前的生活很大程度上依賴於能源”。而隨後出現的三句都是具體事例，對第一句進行說明和論述。我們可以斷定第一句爲該段的主題句(斜體部分)。
例2: (主題句)No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. (推展句1)Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us. (推展句2)In their efforts to persuade us to buy this or that product, advertisers have made a close study of human nature and have classified all our little weakness.
以上這段由三句話組成。第一句是主題句，直截了當指出無人不受廣告影響這個主題，接着列舉兩個推展句對其補充和支持，指出我們已無法自由選擇所需的商品，理由是廣告商已仔細研究了我們的心理，並完全掌握了我們的弱點。句子銜接自然，步步緊扣主題。
英語段落寫作技巧閱讀2.推展句
2.1 主要推展句
主要推展句(major supporting statement)的主要特點是：圍繞段落主題句展開的每一個推展句本身都不要求作進一步的說明或證明，句與句之間的關係是相互獨立又是互相連接的。
例1：(主題句) There are several factors affecting climate. (推展句1)One factor is the mount of sunlight received. (推展句2)Altitude, or the height above sea level, also determines climate. (推展句3)The oceans have an effect on the climate of adjacent land. (推展句4)In addition, climate is influenced by the general circulation of the atmosphere.
主題句指出影響氣候的幾個因素。然後用四個擴展句說明四種因素。第一種是太陽光的接收量，第二種是海拔高度，第三句和第四句分別是海洋和大氣環流因素。
2.2 次要推展句
次要推展句(minor supporting statement)是指對主要推展句作進一步的事實分析和舉例說明。它從屬於某一個或某幾個推展句。
例2：(主題句)I don't teach because teaching is easy for me. (主要推展句1)Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn my living: mechanic, carpenter, writer. (主要推展句2)For me, teaching is a red-eye, sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach profession. (次要推展句1)Red-eye, because I never feel ready to teach no matter how late I stay up preparing. (次要推展句2)Sweaty-palm, because I'm always nervous before I enter the classroom, sure that I will be found out for the fool that I am. (次要推展句3)Sinking-stomach, because I leave the classroom an hour later convinced that I was even more boring than usual.
從屬於主要推展句2的三個次要推展句起着解釋說明作用，分別解釋red-eye,
sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach的含義，這就更加形象生動地證明了 "teaching is not easy" 這個主題。
2.3 主要推展句與次要推展句的關係
主要推展句與次要推展句的關係(relation)基本可以遵循下面的“三部分”(three-part)規則。
1〕每個主要推展句都應該是對主題句中表示主要思想的關鍵詞的直接、明確的說明。 2〕每個次要推展句都應該說明它的主要推展句。
3〕含有討論說明或分析的問題通常既要有主要推展素材，又要有次要推展素材。
2.4 寫好推展句的方法
主題句及關鍵詞確定後，開始選擇和主題有關的信息和素材。實質上，針對關鍵詞測試每一個所選擇的素材就是一個分類的過程。有一種常用的方法就是句子展開前加以設問，然後解答，即設問-解答(why-because)的方法。下面我們通過舉例來看一看這種分類過程是如何完成的。例3：
假設 (suppose) Topic sentence: English is an international language.
設問(why) Why can we say English is an international language?
解答(because)
Because: English is spoken by ....
英語段落寫作技巧學習段落的特點
一般來說，段落主要由三部分組成，即主題句、的擴展句和結尾句。
主題句是篇章的核心，它表明作者的態度、的觀點、的意圖等，同時反映了段落
的中心思想。主題句應具備：一是明確的觀點，二是有一定的概括性，能用其它句子來解釋、的描述、的分析等。擴展句主要圍繞着主題句進行敘述，說明或論述等。擴展句必須明確、的具體。總結句指用一句話將某一主旨進行歸納總結或概括，有時還起承上啓下的作用。總結句需要與主題呼應，引發讀者對段落主題的進一步認識。總之，篇章的主題必須統一，內容完整、的結構連貫，長度適度。
段落的發展
段落的擴展對構成一篇文章，展示文章的主題，有着舉足輕重的作用。常用的方式有：
1、排列順序：既按照內容的主次、的時間的先後或位置的先後來進行論證，陳述或解釋。
常用的詞語有：first/firstly, second/secondly, furthermore, finally, above all, first and most important, to begin/start with, in the second place, moreover, to conclude, next，then, afterward lastly, in the end, eventually.
2、比較和對比：一般來說，比較包括相同點和相異點。對比則僅指相異點。常見的詞及詞組有：in comparison(with), likewise, similarly, in the same way, equally, but, in contrast With/to, instead，conversely, on the contrary, in/by contrast, while，Correspondingly.
3、因果和推理：這種段落髮展方式通常用於解釋某件事發生的原因和結果。經常用到的因果關係的動詞和動詞詞組有：cause, produce, lead to, bring about, result from, be due to, have an effect on, result in. 因果關係的連接詞有：due to，the fact that, for the simple reason, because (of), so that, consequently, hence, as a result, accordingly, therefore, so long as, so, thus, owing to, now that, for/as, since.
4、舉例：用實例來說明作者的觀點是舉例段落的發展方式。採用舉例的方式，使文章內容更加充實，更富有內涵。常用於舉例的詞和詞組有：such as, for example, for instance, as an illustration, to illustrate, a case in point, as follows, just as, just as, including, like.
