託福閱讀覺得好難，看不懂怎麼辦
託福閱讀覺得好難，看不懂怎麼辦?不用擔心，下面小編就給大家分享一些小建議!希望對大家有所幫助。
託福閱讀覺得好難，看不懂怎麼辦?
掌握了一定的詞彙量，在託福閱讀考試中有時通篇不見一個生詞，可還是看不懂文章，是怎麼回事呢?原因一是不知道有些單詞的一詞多義，二是缺乏必要的語法結構知識，分不清句子中詞彙的相互關係和作用。所以，提高新託福閱讀能力還要學會分析長句，弄清不同句子成分間的關係。
現在新託雖不直接考語法題，但在口語、寫作以及閱讀的題型中無不體現出對語法的理解與準確的運用能力。
尤其在口語及寫作這兩項輸出能力的考察上更爲突出。比如，如果學好了定語從句、名詞性從句、非謂語動詞等相關的語句、語法知識，對於一些指代題，細節題甚至句子釋義詞會駕輕就熟，如果掌握好倒裝句的特點，在閱讀中會幫助你理解句意;學會了狀語從句，把握好狀語從句，熟悉各種連接詞的用法，訓練自己對一些文章中間一些關鍵詞的敏感度，像but, same, in order to, ,很多詞，甚至是名詞、動詞，但都非常有用。
這會對新託福閱讀考試中的詞彙猜測，修辭手法的理解以及邏輯推理等方面的題型幫助很大。而掌握好虛擬語氣的用法，會幫助你更有效地把握作者的態度，寫作的意圖。總之，學好語法，具備分析長句、難句的能力，是做好閱讀的關鍵。
學會概括、歸納，爭取做閱讀“超人”
歸納大意是託福閱讀理解的重點能力，這就要求考生要具備一定的概括能力。首先，學會研讀段首、段尾句，挑出主題句。然後，在新託福閱讀訓練中，要學會劃分段落層次，懂得針對主題句，作者是以何樣的手法來展開說明、描述或論述的。
這些能力需要一個長期新託福閱讀積累的過程，在託福閱讀備考過程中穩步提高自己的英語能力，步步爲盈，穩紮穩打，樂觀自信的迎接每一天，不要把自己搞得疲憊不堪。
實例講解託福閱讀句子插入題解題思路
句子插入題 Insert Text questions
█ Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in all people. █ Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. █ In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. █ He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were
being depicted in them.
12. Look at the four squares █ that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
This universality in the recognition of emotions was demonstrated by using rather simple methods.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [ ■ ] to add the sentence to the passage.
解題思路：
Insert Text question。該題型要求考生將一句話插入到原文四個黑色空格的其中一個當中，使得段落看起來更通順。首先可以從這個單獨的句子中找到暗示點，例如，本題待插入句子爲：This universality in the recognition of emotions was demonstrated by using rather simple methods. 主語部分爲：這個對於感情的認知的普遍性。如果待插入句子中出現代詞，則代詞所指內容應當在該句之前出現，結合這道題目，在這個句子應當插入的空之前必有：對於感情認知的普遍性。這道題目選擇第三個黑色方框，其之前的句子爲：
Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. 意思是：另外，來自不同文化背景的人能夠通過面部表情的識別來判斷對方的情緒。來自不同文化背景的人都可以判斷出來，這裏暗示了universality 普遍性。同時，放在第三個空也可以對應後面的內容。待插入句子說到“demonstrated by using rather simple methods”：可以用簡單的方式證明，對應第三個空後方的句子：In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs(在經典的研究項目當中)。
再來看一道題目，
Sigmund Freud, for example, believed that aggressive impulses are inevitable reactions to the frustrations of daily life. Children normally desire to vent aggressive impulses on other people, including their parents, because even the most attentive parents cannot gratify all of their demands immediately. ■ Yet children, also fearing their parents' punishment and the loss of parental love, come to repress most aggressive impulses. ■ The Freudian perspective, in a sense: sees us as "steam engines." ■ By holding in rather than venting "steam," we set the stage for future explosions. ■ Pent-up aggressive impulses demand outlets. They may be expressed toward parents in indirect ways such as destroying furniture, or they may be expressed toward strangers later in life.
11. Look at the four squares [ ■ ] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.
According to Freud, however, impulses that have been repressed continue to exist and demand expression.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [ ■ ] to add the sentence to the passage.
首先我們來看待插入句子：According to Freud, however, impulses that have been repressed continue to exist and demand expression. 本句的前半句說道，According to Freud,(根據弗洛伊德的理論); 後半句：impulses that have been repressed continue to exist and demand expression. 被壓抑的衝動會持續存在並且需要表達。這個句子是一句概括性的陳述，一般概括性陳述的後方需要有具體的細節句子來提供支持解釋。所以這道題目選擇第二個空。第二空格之後緊跟：The Freudian perspective, in a sense: sees us as "steam engines."(從某種意義上講，弗洛伊德的觀點是將人類看做“蒸汽機”)。這裏既可以對應Freud，又有具體的細節交代，說持續存在的衝動，就好比蒸汽機，這裏的steam engines是解釋他觀點的具體細節。
再來看一道題目，
■ Because they are always swimming, tunas simply have to open their mouths and water is forced in and over their gills. ■ Accordingly, they have lost most of the muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills. ■ In fact, tunas must swim to breathe. ■ They must also keep swimming to keep from sinking, since most have largely or completely lost the swim bladder, the gas-filled sac that helps most other fish remain buoyant.
Look at the four squares [ ■ ] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
Consequently, tunas do not need to suck in water.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [ ■ ] to add the sentence to the passage.
解題思路： 此題的帶插入句子當中並沒有代詞， 這時我們可以根據關聯詞來解答題目。帶插入句子當中的Consequently(結果是...)可以給我們暗示。帶插入句子的含義爲：結果是，tunas(金槍魚)不需要吸水。那麼該句子的前方應該在陳述關於導致金槍魚不需要吸水的內容。此題正確答案選C。在第三個空格之前的這句話： have lost most of the muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills. (金槍魚失去了像其他魚類的嘴裏所擁有的一塊肌肉，這塊肌肉用於吸水和從腮裏排水。)既然已經失去了這塊用來吸水的肌肉，那麼自然緊接着陳述，其結果，即金槍魚不再需要吸水。
實例講解託福閱讀句子簡化題解題思路
句子簡化題 Sentence Simplification questions
句子簡化題是新題型之一，在這裏我們先講解一下。對於句子簡化題，有一些題目如果句子不長，我們做題的基本原則就是：同義替換。找到原句中的關鍵詞在選項當中進行同義替換。例如，
In evolutionary history, the development of language set humans apart from the rest of the animal kingdom. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Humans evolved as the most powerful species after they are developed language.
B. The creation of human language has its origins in the language of animals.
C. The emergence of language distinguished early humans from other animals.
D. Humans and animals developed completed different systems of communication.
先來看題幹：Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
該題要求從選項中選擇一個能夠表達原文陰影句子核心信息的句子。很多同學採用翻譯的方法做題，即首先翻譯原句，然後逐個翻譯四個選項。這種做法不僅浪費時間，而且對我們讀句子的能力要求極高。更好的做法是，首先判斷句子的核心信息。這是考題當中爲數不多的原句比較簡單的句子釋義題，原句的核心概念在於強調區分(apart from)。因此找到同義替換，即是C 項當中的distinguished。但是大多數題目的原文不會是一個簡單句，多數是帶有邏輯關係的複雜句。那麼簡單的同義替換技巧就無法操作了。如何快速解決這種題型呢?我們主要分兩個部分來解析。
其實，我們在讀原句的時候並不需要完整的徹底的攝取信息，相反，我們通過快速瀏覽，只需要關注兩個關鍵點：一是原句當中的表示程度，頻率的詞，二是原句當中的邏輯關係。並不需要吸收所有信息，只需要快速瀏覽將所關注的信息點抓住即可，這樣便節省了大量的時間。
The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.
B. Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth.
C. The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.
D. Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.
解題思路：
句子中最核心的信息首先就是該句的邏輯關係。原句的邏輯關係可以由result from 來判斷，爲因果關係。藉此我們就可以縮小選項範圍，首先排除掉C,D 選項。剩下的A,B 兩個選項均包含因果的邏輯關係。接下來我們可以根據句子的第二種核心信息：主語，來判斷。原句的主語是Desertification 沙漠化，而B 項的主語是Slowing down the process of desertification 減緩沙漠化進程。所以排除掉B 選項，A 爲正確答案。
將通過程度詞解題和藉助邏輯關係解題結合起來，對於解答帶有邏輯關係的複雜句的釋義題很有幫助。我們看下面這道題目：
It is one of the most important sensations because it is translated into a negative reaction, such as withdrawal from danger.
Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Escaping from danger is a negative reaction, but it is the most important thing an individual learns.
B. The ability to sense pain is extremely important because pain signals the body to respond to a threat.
C. Experiencing pain is one type of reaction to a negative stimulus; another type is avoiding danger.
D. We experience a lot of sensations, and the most important ones are translated into appropriate actions.
( 本題節選自，新托福考試備考策略與模擬試題，羣言出版社，P150，第1 題)
瀏覽原句，從because 可以看出邏輯關係爲因果關係，並且原句當中有絕對化詞彙most。僅僅憑藉most 這個程度很強的詞彙我們可以排除C 選項。因爲原文當中帶有絕對化詞彙而選項中沒有，那麼這個選項爲必錯選項。接下來利用邏輯關係排除A 項，A 中爲轉折關係。而B 恰恰有because 這個詞，此外B 中的extremely 可以作爲most的同義替換。正確答案爲B。
幾乎每一篇文章後面都會有一道釋義題，因此考生應加強練習。平時在閱讀文章，或者報刊雜誌的時候不僅僅要把注意力放在讀懂原文上，還應該注意原文的邏輯關係，培養根據邏輯關係思考的習慣。另外，一些程度詞的存在也會影響我們對原文的精確理解，平時閱讀的時候應當多加關注。
實例講解託福閱讀指代題解題技巧
指代題 Reference questions
指代題在托福考試中題量大約爲0-2 個，主要考察學生能否找到原文中代詞的指代對象。解決指代題最基本的原則爲：單複數與人稱一致，前指且符合句意。
It has been suggested that Pakicetus fed on fish in shallow water and was not yet adapted for life in the open ocean. It probably bred and gave birth on land.
5. The word it in the passage refers to
○ Pakicetus
○ Fish
○ Life
○ ocean
本句代詞作主語，在結構上指代上一句話主句中的名詞主語，即A 選項的Pakicetus。也可以採用帶入的方法，將選項逐一帶入，符合搭配的只有A 選項，其餘選項，B fish魚類，C life 生命，D ocean 海洋， 都無法“bred and gave birth，哺育後代”。 目前十大題型中的指代題基本已經不考，但是相應的指代的原則有可能融入到其他題目中考查，最常見的考查方式即放在句子簡化題或者句子插入題中一併考查。
實例講解託福閱讀詞彙題解題技巧
詞彙題 Vocabulary questions
在托福考試當中，詞彙題的主要目的是考察考生能否識別詞彙在陌生語境中的含義。既然強調語境，那麼通過識別生詞附近的語境含義，往往可以推測出生詞的含義。我們來看一道新托福考試官方指南上的題目：
Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert.
6. The word exposed in the passage is closest in meaning to
○ Explained
○ Visible
○ Identified
○ Located
這道題目很多同學會選擇第四個選項(locate： 坐落於…)，將這個含義帶入到語句當中，意思也通順，指Basilosaurus 坐落於撒哈拉沙漠。但是這裏需要注意的是，託福的詞彙題並不是選項帶入搭配合適就一定能找到正確答案，而是應該從語境入手來選擇。正確的做法是，首先查看生詞附近有無並列，轉折等語境上的含義暗示。本句當中，生詞的前方有“and”來暗示並列，而從句子結構來看，前半句中的動詞“found”，意思是“找到，發現”，那麼後半句的exposed 對應語境也應該強調發現某物，即找到，或者看見某物。因此這道題目的正確答案選擇B(visible：可看見的)。
